chore: update v.mod version

1. Cross-platform uSockets configuration
   - Use @VMODROOT for portable library paths
   - Support macOS (arm64/x86_64), Windows, and Linux
   - Auto-detect Homebrew paths for libuv on macOS

2. Route cache optimization (3x performance boost)
   - Replace LRU cache with FastRouteCache for dynamic routes
   - Zero-overhead cache lookup (no TTL check, no LRU reordering)
   - Dynamic route performance: 30k -> 97k RPS

3. New test files
   - Go-based integration tests for picoev and uSockets
   - FastCache optimization validation tests
   - Benchmark comparison tools

app.v

@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ pub mut:
 	use_fast_router bool = true  // 新增：是否使用快速路由器
 	context_middlewares []ContextMiddleware
 	route_middlewares map[string][]ContextMiddleware  // 路由前缀对应的中间件
+	// 优化：预排序的中间件前缀列表（启动时计算一次）
+	sorted_middleware_prefixes []string
+	// 优化：标记是否有中间件（用于零中间件快速路径）
+	has_middlewares bool
 }
 
 // Context 中间件类型
@@ -185,6 +189,14 @@ pub fn (mut app Hono) all(path string, handler fn (mut Context) http.Response) {
 // Context 中间件
 pub fn (mut app Hono) use(mw ContextMiddleware) {
 	app.context_middlewares << mw
+	app.has_middlewares = true
+}
+
+// 预计算中间件前缀排序（在服务器启动前调用）
+pub fn (mut app Hono) precompute_middleware_prefixes() {
+	app.sorted_middleware_prefixes = app.route_middlewares.keys()
+	app.sorted_middleware_prefixes.sort(a.len < b.len)
+	app.has_middlewares = app.context_middlewares.len > 0 || app.route_middlewares.len > 0
 }
 
 // notFound() - 自定义 404 处理器
@@ -215,41 +227,53 @@ fn (mut s ServerHanler) handle(req http.Request) http.Response {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	// 解析 query
-	raw_query := url.query().to_map()
+	// 解析 query - 优化：直接使用 url.raw_query 避免额外解析
 	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
-	for key, values in raw_query {
-		if values.len > 0 {
-			query_map[key] = values[0]
-		}
+	if url.raw_query.len > 0 {
+		query_map = parse_query_string_app(url.raw_query)
 	}
 	
+	// 缓存 method 字符串，避免多次调用 .str()
+	method_str := req.method.str()
+	
 	// 尝试 Context 路由
 	// 优先使用快速路由器
 	if s.app.use_fast_router {
-		if route_match := s.app.fast_router.match_route(req.method.str(), url.path) {
+		if route_match := s.app.fast_router.match_route(method_str, url.path) {
 			// param 由路由匹配结果提供
 			param_map := route_match.params.clone()
 			// body
 			body := req.data
 			// 构造 Context
 			mut ctx := Context.new(req, param_map, query_map, body)
+			
+			// 优化：零中间件快速路径
+			if !s.app.has_middlewares {
+				return route_match.handler.handle(mut ctx)
+			}
+			
 			// 获取该路径对应的中间件
 			middlewares := s.get_middlewares_for_path(url.path)
 			// 洋葱模型递归执行中间件
 			return s.exec_context_middlewares_with_list(0, middlewares, mut ctx, fn [route_match] (mut c Context) http.Response {
 				return route_match.handler.handle(mut c)
-			})
+		})
 		}
 		
 		// 如果快速路由器没有匹配，回退到混合路由器
-		if route_match := s.app.context_hybrid_router.match_route(req.method.str(), url.path) {
+		if route_match := s.app.context_hybrid_router.match_route(method_str, url.path) {
 			// param 由路由匹配结果提供
 			param_map := route_match.params.clone()
 			// body
 			body := req.data
 			// 构造 Context
 			mut ctx := Context.new(req, param_map, query_map, body)
+			
+			// 优化：零中间件快速路径
+			if !s.app.has_middlewares {
+				return route_match.handler.handle(mut ctx)
+			}
+			
 			// 获取该路径对应的中间件
 			middlewares := s.get_middlewares_for_path(url.path)
 			// 洋葱模型递归执行中间件
@@ -258,13 +282,19 @@ fn (mut s ServerHanler) handle(req http.Request) http.Response {
 			})
 		}
 	} else {
-		if route_match := s.app.context_hybrid_router.match_route(req.method.str(), url.path) {
+		if route_match := s.app.context_hybrid_router.match_route(method_str, url.path) {
 			// param 由路由匹配结果提供
 			param_map := route_match.params.clone()
 			// body
 			body := req.data
 			// 构造 Context
 			mut ctx := Context.new(req, param_map, query_map, body)
+			
+			// 优化：零中间件快速路径
+			if !s.app.has_middlewares {
+				return route_match.handler.handle(mut ctx)
+			}
+			
 			// 获取该路径对应的中间件
 			middlewares := s.get_middlewares_for_path(url.path)
 			// 洋葱模型递归执行中间件
@@ -291,15 +321,17 @@ fn (mut s ServerHanler) handle(req http.Request) http.Response {
 	})
 }
 
-// 获取路径对应的所有中间件（全局 + 路由前缀匹配的）
+// 获取路径对应的所有中间件（全局 + 路由前缀匹配的）- 优化版
 fn (s ServerHanler) get_middlewares_for_path(path string) []ContextMiddleware {
+	// 优化：只有全局中间件时，直接返回引用（避免克隆）
+	if s.app.route_middlewares.len == 0 {
+		return s.app.context_middlewares
+	}
+	
 	mut middlewares := s.app.context_middlewares.clone()
 	
-	// 按前缀长度排序，确保更具体的前缀后执行
-	mut prefixes := s.app.route_middlewares.keys()
-	prefixes.sort(a.len < b.len)
-	
-	for prefix in prefixes {
+	// 优化：使用预排序的前缀列表（启动时已排序，不需要每次请求都排序）
+	for prefix in s.app.sorted_middleware_prefixes {
 		if path.starts_with(prefix) || prefix == '/' {
 			if mws := s.app.route_middlewares[prefix] {
 				middlewares << mws
@@ -342,6 +374,9 @@ pub fn (mut app Hono) listen(port string) {
 		return
 	}
 	
+	// 优化：预计算中间件前缀排序
+	app.precompute_middleware_prefixes()
+	
 	// 使用优化配置的 picoev 高性能服务器（支持高并发）
 	app.listen_picoev_with_config(PicoevConfig{
 		port: port_num
@@ -372,6 +407,7 @@ pub fn (mut app Hono) route(prefix string, mut subapp Hono) {
 		} else {
 			app.route_middlewares[prefix] = subapp.context_middlewares.clone()
 		}
+		app.has_middlewares = true
 	}
 	
 	// 继承子应用的 notFound 和 onError 处理器（如果主应用没有设置）
@@ -508,5 +544,48 @@ pub fn Hono.new() Hono {
 		fast_router: FastRouter.new()
 		use_fast_router: true
 		route_middlewares: map[string][]ContextMiddleware{}
+		sorted_middleware_prefixes: []string{}
+		has_middlewares: false
 	}
 }
+
+// 快速解析 query string（单次遍历，避免 split）- app.v 版本
+@[inline]
+fn parse_query_string_app(query_str string) map[string]string {
+	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
+	len := query_str.len
+	
+	if len == 0 {
+		return query_map
+	}
+	
+	mut key_start := 0
+	mut key_end := -1
+	mut value_start := -1
+	
+	for i := 0; i <= len; i++ {
+		ch := if i < len { query_str[i] } else { `&` } // 末尾视为分隔符
+		
+		if ch == `=` && key_end == -1 {
+			key_end = i
+			value_start = i + 1
+		} else if ch == `&` {
+			// 完成一个键值对
+			if key_end > key_start && value_start > 0 {
+				key := query_str[key_start..key_end]
+				value := if value_start < i { query_str[value_start..i] } else { '' }
+				query_map[key] = value
+			} else if key_end == -1 && i > key_start {
+				// 只有 key 没有 value
+				key := query_str[key_start..i]
+				query_map[key] = ''
+			}
+			// 重置状态
+			key_start = i + 1
+			key_end = -1
+			value_start = -1
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return query_map
+}

benchmark/README.md

@@ -2,27 +2,19 @@
 
 Performance benchmarks for V-Hono web framework.
 
-## Backend Comparison
+## Framework Comparison (500 connections, 100K requests)
 
-### uSockets vs Picoev (200 connections, 100K requests)
+| Framework | RPS | Errors | Avg Latency | P50 | P95 | P99 |
+|-----------|-----|--------|-------------|-----|-----|-----|
+| **v-hono (uSockets)** | **20,231** | **0** | **24.62ms** | **23.65ms** | **33.82ms** | **57.29ms** |
+| v-hono (picoev) | 16,177 | 0 | 30.75ms | 26.25ms | 35.37ms | 111.38ms |
+| veb (V官方) | 7,278 | 772 | 68.06ms | 55.79ms | 71.62ms | 98.90ms |
 
-| Backend | RPS | Avg Latency | P95 | P99 |
-|---------|-----|-------------|-----|-----|
-| uSockets | ~22,000 | 8.75ms | 16.66ms | 25.73ms |
-| picoev | ~15,000 | 13.36ms | 18.89ms | 31.66ms |
+### Performance Summary
 
-**uSockets provides ~50% higher throughput under high concurrency.**
-
-### High Concurrency Test (500 connections, 100K requests)
-
-| Metric | uSockets |
-|--------|----------|
-| RPS | ~20,000 |
-| Errors | 0 |
-| Avg Latency | 25.04ms |
-| P50 | 24.32ms |
-| P95 | 32.97ms |
-| P99 | 64.59ms |
+- **v-hono (uSockets) vs veb**: **2.78x faster**, zero errors
+- **v-hono (uSockets) vs picoev**: **25% faster**, better P99 latency
+- **v-hono (picoev) vs veb**: **2.22x faster**, zero errors
 
 ## Running Benchmarks
 

cache.v

@@ -336,3 +336,71 @@ pub fn (mut cache ContextLRUCache) clear() {
 	cache.size = 0
 	cache.last_cleanup = time.now().unix()
 }
+
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 高性能路由缓存 - 专为路由匹配优化
+// ============================================================================
+// 特点：
+// 1. 无 TTL 检查（路由不会过期）
+// 2. 无 LRU 移动（简单 map 查找）
+// 3. 固定大小，满了就清空重建
+// 4. 零开销的 get 操作
+
+pub struct FastRouteCache {
+mut:
+	cache    map[string]ContextRouteMatch
+	capacity int
+	enabled  bool = true
+}
+
+pub fn FastRouteCache.new(capacity int) FastRouteCache {
+	return FastRouteCache{
+		cache: map[string]ContextRouteMatch{}
+		capacity: capacity
+		enabled: true
+	}
+}
+
+// 快速获取 - 零开销
+@[inline]
+pub fn (cache &FastRouteCache) get(key string) ?ContextRouteMatch {
+	if !cache.enabled {
+		return none
+	}
+	if result := cache.cache[key] {
+		return result
+	}
+	return none
+}
+
+// 快速设置
+@[inline]
+pub fn (mut cache FastRouteCache) put(key string, value ContextRouteMatch) {
+	if !cache.enabled {
+		return
+	}
+	// 如果满了，清空重建（比 LRU 淘汰更快）
+	if cache.cache.len >= cache.capacity {
+		cache.cache.clear()
+	}
+	cache.cache[key] = value
+}
+
+// 获取统计
+pub fn (cache &FastRouteCache) get_stats() (int, int) {
+	return cache.cache.len, cache.capacity
+}
+
+// 清空缓存
+pub fn (mut cache FastRouteCache) clear() {
+	cache.cache.clear()
+}
+
+// 启用/禁用
+pub fn (mut cache FastRouteCache) set_enabled(enabled bool) {
+	cache.enabled = enabled
+	if !enabled {
+		cache.clear()
+	}
+}

fast_router.v

@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@ pub mut:
 	static_routes        map[string]IHandler
 	static_route_results map[string]ContextRouteMatch  // 预分配的静态路由结果
 	precompiled_routes   []PrecompiledRoute
-	lru_cache            ContextLRUCache      // 使用 LRU 缓存替代简单 map
+	fast_cache           FastRouteCache       // 使用高性能缓存替代 LRU
+	lru_cache            ContextLRUCache      // 保留 LRU 缓存用于兼容
 	regex_cache          map[string]FastCompiledRegex  // 正则表达式缓存
 	cache_enabled        bool = true
 	sort_enabled         bool = true          // 是否启用路由排序
+	use_fast_cache       bool = true          // 是否使用高性能缓存
 }
 
 // 创建快速路由器
@@ -39,8 +41,10 @@ pub fn FastRouter.new() FastRouter {
 		static_routes: map[string]IHandler{}
 		static_route_results: map[string]ContextRouteMatch{}
 		precompiled_routes: []PrecompiledRoute{}
-		lru_cache: ContextLRUCache.new(1000)  // 默认1000条缓存
+		fast_cache: FastRouteCache.new(10000)  // 高性能缓存，10000条
+		lru_cache: ContextLRUCache.new(1000)   // LRU 缓存保留兼容
 		regex_cache: map[string]FastCompiledRegex{}
+		use_fast_cache: true
 	}
 }
 
@@ -50,8 +54,10 @@ pub fn FastRouter.new_with_cache_size(cache_size int) FastRouter {
 		static_routes: map[string]IHandler{}
 		static_route_results: map[string]ContextRouteMatch{}
 		precompiled_routes: []PrecompiledRoute{}
+		fast_cache: FastRouteCache.new(cache_size * 10)  // 高性能缓存
 		lru_cache: ContextLRUCache.new(cache_size)
 		regex_cache: map[string]FastCompiledRegex{}
+		use_fast_cache: true
 	}
 }
 
@@ -171,17 +177,23 @@ fn (router FastRouter) precompile_route(method string, handler IHandler) !Precom
 	}
 }
 
-// 快速路由匹配（优化版：静态路由跳过缓存 + 预分配结果）
+// 快速路由匹配（优化版：静态路由跳过缓存 + 预分配结果 + 高性能缓存）
 pub fn (mut router FastRouter) match_route(method string, path string) ?ContextRouteMatch {
+	// 优化：只拼接一次 cache key，复用于静态路由和缓存查找
+	cache_key := '${method}:${path}'
+	
 	// 1. 静态路由直接返回预分配的结果（零分配）
-	static_key := '${method}:${path}'
-	if result := router.static_route_results[static_key] {
+	if result := router.static_route_results[cache_key] {
 		return result
 	}
 	
-	// 2. 动态路由先检查 LRU 缓存（避免重复正则匹配）
-	if router.cache_enabled {
-		cache_key := '${method}:${path}'
+	// 2. 动态路由先检查高性能缓存（零开销查找）
+	if router.cache_enabled && router.use_fast_cache {
+		if cached := router.fast_cache.get(cache_key) {
+			return cached
+		}
+	} else if router.cache_enabled {
+		// 回退到 LRU 缓存
 		if cached := router.lru_cache.get(cache_key) {
 			return cached
 		}
@@ -208,10 +220,13 @@ pub fn (mut router FastRouter) match_route(method string, path string) ?ContextR
 				base_path: ''
 			}
 			
-			// 只缓存动态路由结果
+			// 缓存动态路由结果
 			if router.cache_enabled {
-				cache_key := '${method}:${path}'
-				router.lru_cache.put(cache_key, result)
+				if router.use_fast_cache {
+					router.fast_cache.put(cache_key, result)
+				} else {
+					router.lru_cache.put(cache_key, result)
+				}
 			}
 			
 			return result

picoev_server.v

@@ -79,7 +79,15 @@ fn picoev_callback(user_data voidptr, req picohttpparser.Request, mut res picoht
 	if ctx.app.use_fast_router {
 		if route_match := ctx.app.fast_router.match_route(method_str, path) {
 			mut hono_ctx := create_picoev_context(req, route_match.params, query_map)
-			middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_picoev(ctx.app, path)
+			
+			// 优化：零中间件快速路径
+			if !ctx.app.has_middlewares {
+				response := route_match.handler.handle(mut hono_ctx)
+				send_picoev_response(mut res, hono_ctx, response, keepalive, ctx.config)
+				return
+			}
+			
+			middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_picoev_optimized(ctx.app, path)
 			response := exec_middlewares_picoev(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
 			send_picoev_response(mut res, hono_ctx, response, keepalive, ctx.config)
 			return
@@ -89,7 +97,15 @@ fn picoev_callback(user_data voidptr, req picohttpparser.Request, mut res picoht
 	// 回退到混合路由器
 	if route_match := ctx.app.context_hybrid_router.match_route(method_str, path) {
 		mut hono_ctx := create_picoev_context(req, route_match.params, query_map)
-		middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_picoev(ctx.app, path)
+		
+		// 优化：零中间件快速路径
+		if !ctx.app.has_middlewares {
+			response := route_match.handler.handle(mut hono_ctx)
+			send_picoev_response(mut res, hono_ctx, response, keepalive, ctx.config)
+			return
+		}
+		
+		middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_picoev_optimized(ctx.app, path)
 		response := exec_middlewares_picoev(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
 		send_picoev_response(mut res, hono_ctx, response, keepalive, ctx.config)
 		return
@@ -118,25 +134,76 @@ fn picoev_callback(user_data voidptr, req picohttpparser.Request, mut res picoht
 	res.end()
 }
 
-// 检查客户端是否请求 Keep-Alive
+// 检查客户端是否请求 Keep-Alive - 优化版
+// 避免 to_lower() 创建新字符串，使用大小写不敏感比较
 fn check_keepalive_request(req picohttpparser.Request) bool {
 	for i in 0 .. req.num_headers {
 		h := req.headers[i]
-		if h.name.to_lower() == 'connection' {
-			return h.value.to_lower().contains('keep-alive')
+		// 大小写不敏感比较 "connection"
+		if h.name.len == 10 && eq_ignore_case(h.name, 'connection') {
+			// 检查是否包含 "keep-alive"（大小写不敏感）
+			return contains_ignore_case(h.value, 'keep-alive')
 		}
 	}
 	return true // HTTP/1.1 默认 Keep-Alive
 }
 
-// 获取路径对应的所有中间件
-fn get_middlewares_for_path_picoev(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware {
+// 大小写不敏感字符串比较（避免分配）
+@[inline]
+fn eq_ignore_case(a string, b string) bool {
+	if a.len != b.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i in 0 .. a.len {
+		ca := a[i]
+		cb := b[i]
+		// 转换为小写比较
+		la := if ca >= `A` && ca <= `Z` { ca + 32 } else { ca }
+		lb := if cb >= `A` && cb <= `Z` { cb + 32 } else { cb }
+		if la != lb {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// 大小写不敏感的 contains 检查（避免分配）
+@[inline]
+fn contains_ignore_case(haystack string, needle string) bool {
+	if needle.len > haystack.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	max_start := haystack.len - needle.len
+	for i := 0; i <= max_start; i++ {
+		mut found := true
+		for j in 0 .. needle.len {
+			ch := haystack[i + j]
+			cn := needle[j]
+			lh := if ch >= `A` && ch <= `Z` { ch + 32 } else { ch }
+			ln := if cn >= `A` && cn <= `Z` { cn + 32 } else { cn }
+			if lh != ln {
+				found = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if found {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// 获取路径对应的所有中间件（优化版：使用预排序的前缀列表）
+fn get_middlewares_for_path_picoev_optimized(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware {
+	// 优化：只有全局中间件时，直接返回引用（避免克隆）
+	if app.route_middlewares.len == 0 {
+		return app.context_middlewares
+	}
+	
 	mut middlewares := app.context_middlewares.clone()
 	
-	mut prefixes := app.route_middlewares.keys()
-	prefixes.sort(a.len < b.len)
-	
-	for prefix in prefixes {
+	// 优化：使用预排序的前缀列表（启动时已排序，不需要每次请求都排序）
+	for prefix in app.sorted_middleware_prefixes {
 		if path.starts_with(prefix) || prefix == '/' {
 			if mws := app.route_middlewares[prefix] {
 				middlewares << mws
@@ -147,6 +214,11 @@ fn get_middlewares_for_path_picoev(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware {
 	return middlewares
 }
 
+// 获取路径对应的所有中间件（保留旧版本兼容）
+fn get_middlewares_for_path_picoev(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware {
+	return get_middlewares_for_path_picoev_optimized(app, path)
+}
+
 // 执行中间件链
 fn exec_middlewares_picoev(idx int, middlewares []ContextMiddleware, mut ctx Context, handler IHandler) http.Response {
 	if idx < middlewares.len {
@@ -158,40 +230,96 @@ fn exec_middlewares_picoev(idx int, middlewares []ContextMiddleware, mut ctx Con
 	return handler.handle(mut ctx)
 }
 
-// 解析路径和查询参数
+// 解析路径和查询参数 - 零分配优化版
+// 使用指针遍历避免创建临时数组
 fn parse_path_and_query(full_path string) (string, map[string]string) {
 	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
+	len := full_path.len
 	
-	if idx := full_path.index('?') {
-		path := full_path[..idx]
-		query_str := full_path[idx + 1..]
-		
-		for part in query_str.split('&') {
-			if eq_idx := part.index('=') {
-				query_map[part[..eq_idx]] = part[eq_idx + 1..]
-			}
-		}
-		return path, query_map
+	if len == 0 {
+		return full_path, query_map
 	}
 	
-	return full_path, query_map
+	// 快速路径：大多数请求没有查询参数
+	// 从后向前搜索 '?' 通常更快（查询参数在末尾）
+	mut query_start := -1
+	for i := len - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if full_path[i] == `?` {
+			query_start = i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// 没有查询参数，直接返回（最常见情况）
+	if query_start == -1 {
+		return full_path, query_map
+	}
+	
+	path := full_path[..query_start]
+	
+	// 解析查询参数（单次遍历，避免 split）
+	mut key_start := query_start + 1
+	mut key_end := -1
+	mut value_start := -1
+	
+	for i := query_start + 1; i <= len; i++ {
+		ch := if i < len { full_path[i] } else { `&` } // 末尾视为分隔符
+		
+		if ch == `=` && key_end == -1 {
+			key_end = i
+			value_start = i + 1
+		} else if ch == `&` {
+			// 完成一个键值对
+			if key_end > key_start && value_start > 0 {
+				key := full_path[key_start..key_end]
+				value := if value_start < i { full_path[value_start..i] } else { '' }
+				query_map[key] = value
+			} else if key_end == -1 && i > key_start {
+				// 只有 key 没有 value（如 ?foo&bar=1）
+				key := full_path[key_start..i]
+				query_map[key] = ''
+			}
+			// 重置状态
+			key_start = i + 1
+			key_end = -1
+			value_start = -1
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return path, query_map
 }
 
-// 创建 picoev 上下文
+// 创建 picoev 上下文 - 优化版
+// 延迟转换 http.Request，只在真正需要时才转换
 fn create_picoev_context(req picohttpparser.Request, params map[string]string, query map[string]string) Context {
+	// 提取纯路径（不含查询参数）
+	path := extract_path_only(req.path)
+	
 	return Context{
 		req: convert_picoev_request(req)
 		params: params
 		query: query
 		body: req.body
 		url: req.path
-		path: req.path
+		path: path
 		status_code: 200
 		headers: map[string]string{}
 	}
 }
 
-// 转换 picoev 请求
+// 快速提取路径（不含查询参数）
+@[inline]
+fn extract_path_only(full_path string) string {
+	for i in 0 .. full_path.len {
+		if full_path[i] == `?` {
+			return full_path[..i]
+		}
+	}
+	return full_path
+}
+
+// 转换 picoev 请求 - 优化版
+// 使用预计算的方法映射避免字符串比较
 fn convert_picoev_request(req picohttpparser.Request) http.Request {
 	mut headers := http.new_header()
 	
@@ -201,23 +329,46 @@ fn convert_picoev_request(req picohttpparser.Request) http.Request {
 	}
 	
 	return http.Request{
-		method: match req.method {
-			'GET' { http.Method.get }
-			'POST' { http.Method.post }
-			'PUT' { http.Method.put }
-			'DELETE' { http.Method.delete }
-			'PATCH' { http.Method.patch }
-			'HEAD' { http.Method.head }
-			'OPTIONS' { http.Method.options }
-			else { http.Method.get }
-		}
+		method: parse_http_method_fast(req.method)
 		url: req.path
 		data: req.body
 		header: headers
 	}
 }
 
-// 发送 picoev 响应
+// 快速 HTTP 方法解析（基于首字符和长度）
+@[inline]
+fn parse_http_method_fast(method string) http.Method {
+	len := method.len
+	if len == 0 {
+		return http.Method.get
+	}
+	
+	// 基于首字符快速分支
+	match method[0] {
+		`G` {
+			if len == 3 { return http.Method.get }
+		}
+		`P` {
+			if len == 4 && method[1] == `O` { return http.Method.post }
+			if len == 3 && method[1] == `U` { return http.Method.put }
+			if len == 5 { return http.Method.patch }
+		}
+		`D` {
+			if len == 6 { return http.Method.delete }
+		}
+		`H` {
+			if len == 4 { return http.Method.head }
+		}
+		`O` {
+			if len == 7 { return http.Method.options }
+		}
+		else {}
+	}
+	return http.Method.get
+}
+
+// 发送 picoev 响应 - 优化版
 fn send_picoev_response(mut res picohttpparser.Response, ctx Context, response http.Response, keepalive bool, config PicoevConfig) {
 	status_code := if ctx.status_code != 0 { ctx.status_code } else { response.status_code }
 	
@@ -231,18 +382,21 @@ fn send_picoev_response(mut res picohttpparser.Response, ctx Context, response h
 	mut has_connection := false
 	
 	for key, value in ctx.headers {
-		// 跳过 Content-Length，picohttpparser 会在 body() 时自动添加
-		if key.to_lower() == 'content-length' {
-			continue
+		// 使用快速大小写不敏感比较
+		key_len := key.len
+		if key_len == 14 && eq_ignore_case(key, 'content-length') {
+			continue // 跳过 Content-Length
 		}
 		res.header(key, value)
-		key_lower := key.to_lower()
-		if key_lower == 'content-type' { has_content_type = true }
-		if key_lower == 'connection' { has_connection = true }
+		if key_len == 12 && eq_ignore_case(key, 'content-type') {
+			has_content_type = true
+		} else if key_len == 10 && eq_ignore_case(key, 'connection') {
+			has_connection = true
+		}
 	}
 	
-	if content_type := response.header.get(.content_type) {
-		if !has_content_type {
+	if !has_content_type {
+		if content_type := response.header.get(.content_type) {
 			res.header('Content-Type', content_type)
 			has_content_type = true
 		}

router.v

@@ -208,10 +208,34 @@ pub fn (router ContextHybridRouter) match_static_route(method string, path strin
 	return none
 }
 
-// Context 版本的动态路径匹配
+// Context 版本的动态路径匹配（保留旧版本兼容）
 fn (mut router ContextHybridRouter) match_dynamic_route(method string, path string) ?ContextRouteMatch {
-	// 先检查缓存
 	cache_key := '${method}:${path}'
+	return router.match_dynamic_route_with_key(cache_key, method, path)
+}
+
+// Context 版本的主匹配函数（优化版：复用 cache key）
+pub fn (mut router ContextHybridRouter) match_route(method string, path string) ?ContextRouteMatch {
+	// 优化：只拼接一次 cache key
+	cache_key := '${method}:${path}'
+	
+	// 1. 先尝试静态路径匹配（最快）
+	if cache_key in router.static_routes {
+		return ContextRouteMatch{
+			handler: router.static_routes[cache_key]
+			params: map[string]string{}
+			path: path
+			base_path: ''
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// 2. 再尝试动态路径匹配（复用 cache_key）
+	return router.match_dynamic_route_with_key(cache_key, method, path)
+}
+
+// Context 版本的动态路径匹配（优化版：接收预计算的 cache_key）
+fn (mut router ContextHybridRouter) match_dynamic_route_with_key(cache_key string, method string, path string) ?ContextRouteMatch {
+	// 先检查缓存
 	if cached := router.cache.get(cache_key) {
 		return cached
 	}
@@ -240,22 +264,6 @@ fn (mut router ContextHybridRouter) match_dynamic_route(method string, path stri
 	return none
 }
 
-// Context 版本的主匹配函数
-pub fn (mut router ContextHybridRouter) match_route(method string, path string) ?ContextRouteMatch {
-	// 1. 先尝试静态路径匹配（最快）
-	if static_handler := router.match_static_route(method, path) {
-		return ContextRouteMatch{
-			handler: static_handler
-			params: map[string]string{}
-			path: path
-			base_path: ''
-		}
-	}
-	
-	// 2. 再尝试动态路径匹配
-	return router.match_dynamic_route(method, path)
-}
-
 // Context 版本的获取所有路由
 pub fn (router ContextHybridRouter) get_all_routes() ([]string, []string) {
 	mut static_paths := []string{}

tests/benchmark_compare.go

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+// 高并发基准测试 - 用于对比 v-hono 内外性能
+// 参数与外层 benchmark.go 保持一致: 500 并发, 100万请求
+//
+// 使用方法:
+// 1. 启动服务器: v -enable-globals run v-hono/tests/test_picoev_server.v
+// 2. 运行测试: go run v-hono/tests/benchmark_compare.go
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	baseURL     = "http://127.0.0.1:9999"
+	connections = 500
+	requests    = 1000000
+	timeout     = 10 * time.Second
+)
+
+type Metrics struct {
+	TotalRequests   int64
+	SuccessRequests int64
+	FailedRequests  int64
+	TotalBytes      int64
+	MinLatency      time.Duration
+	MaxLatency      time.Duration
+	TotalLatencyNs  int64
+	StartTime       time.Time
+	EndTime         time.Time
+}
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Println("🔥 V-Hono 高并发基准测试")
+	fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("=", 50))
+	fmt.Printf("服务器: %s\n", baseURL)
+	fmt.Printf("并发数: %d\n", connections)
+	fmt.Printf("请求数: %d\n", requests)
+	fmt.Printf("超时:   %v\n", timeout)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 检查服务器
+	if !checkServer() {
+		fmt.Println("❌ 服务器未运行")
+		fmt.Println("   请先启动: v -enable-globals run v-hono/tests/test_picoev_server.v")
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Println("✅ 服务器已就绪")
+
+	// 预热
+	fmt.Println("\n🔥 预热服务器...")
+	warmup()
+	fmt.Println("✅ 预热完成")
+
+	// 运行测试
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name string
+		path string
+	}{
+		{"健康检查", "/health"},
+		{"根路径", "/"},
+		{"JSON接口", "/json"},
+		{"动态路由", "/users/123"},
+	}
+
+	allResults := make(map[string]*Metrics)
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		fmt.Printf("\n🚀 测试: %s (%s)\n", tc.name, tc.path)
+		fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 50))
+
+		metrics := runBenchmark(tc.path)
+		allResults[tc.name] = metrics
+		printMetrics(tc.name, metrics)
+
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+	}
+
+	// 汇总
+	printSummary(allResults)
+}
+
+func checkServer() bool {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 2 * time.Second}
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/health")
+		if err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {
+			resp.Body.Close()
+			return true
+		}
+		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func warmup() {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/health")
+		if err == nil {
+			io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+			resp.Body.Close()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func runBenchmark(endpoint string) *Metrics {
+	url := baseURL + endpoint
+	metrics := &Metrics{
+		StartTime:  time.Now(),
+		MinLatency: time.Hour,
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Timeout: timeout,
+		Transport: &http.Transport{
+			MaxIdleConns:        connections,
+			MaxIdleConnsPerHost: connections,
+			IdleConnTimeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+
+	requestsPerWorker := requests / connections
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var latencyMutex sync.Mutex
+
+	// 进度显示
+	done := make(chan bool)
+	go showProgress(metrics, done)
+
+	// 启动工作协程
+	for i := 0; i < connections; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			for j := 0; j < requestsPerWorker; j++ {
+				start := time.Now()
+				resp, err := client.Get(url)
+				latency := time.Since(start)
+
+				atomic.AddInt64(&metrics.TotalRequests, 1)
+				atomic.AddInt64(&metrics.TotalLatencyNs, int64(latency))
+
+				latencyMutex.Lock()
+				if latency < metrics.MinLatency {
+					metrics.MinLatency = latency
+				}
+				if latency > metrics.MaxLatency {
+					metrics.MaxLatency = latency
+				}
+				latencyMutex.Unlock()
+
+				if err != nil {
+					atomic.AddInt64(&metrics.FailedRequests, 1)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+				resp.Body.Close()
+
+				if err != nil || resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+					atomic.AddInt64(&metrics.FailedRequests, 1)
+				} else {
+					atomic.AddInt64(&metrics.SuccessRequests, 1)
+					atomic.AddInt64(&metrics.TotalBytes, int64(len(body)))
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	metrics.EndTime = time.Now()
+	done <- true
+
+	return metrics
+}
+
+func showProgress(metrics *Metrics, done chan bool) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+			fmt.Println()
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			current := atomic.LoadInt64(&metrics.TotalRequests)
+			elapsed := time.Since(metrics.StartTime).Seconds()
+			rps := float64(current) / elapsed
+			progress := float64(current) / float64(requests) * 100
+
+			fmt.Printf("\r进度: %.1f%% | 完成: %d | RPS: %.0f | 耗时: %.1fs",
+				progress, current, rps, elapsed)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func printMetrics(name string, m *Metrics) {
+	duration := m.EndTime.Sub(m.StartTime)
+	avgLatency := time.Duration(m.TotalLatencyNs / m.TotalRequests)
+
+	fmt.Printf("\n📊 %s - 测试结果\n", name)
+	fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("=", 40))
+
+	fmt.Printf("总请求数:     %d\n", m.TotalRequests)
+	fmt.Printf("成功请求:     %d\n", m.SuccessRequests)
+	fmt.Printf("失败请求:     %d\n", m.FailedRequests)
+	fmt.Printf("成功率:       %.2f%%\n", float64(m.SuccessRequests)/float64(m.TotalRequests)*100)
+
+	fmt.Printf("总耗时:       %.2f 秒\n", duration.Seconds())
+	fmt.Printf("RPS:          %.0f 请求/秒\n", float64(m.TotalRequests)/duration.Seconds())
+
+	fmt.Printf("最小延迟:     %v\n", m.MinLatency)
+	fmt.Printf("最大延迟:     %v\n", m.MaxLatency)
+	fmt.Printf("平均延迟:     %v\n", avgLatency)
+
+	if m.TotalBytes > 0 {
+		throughputMB := float64(m.TotalBytes) / 1024 / 1024 / duration.Seconds()
+		fmt.Printf("数据传输:     %.2f MB\n", float64(m.TotalBytes)/1024/1024)
+		fmt.Printf("吞吐量:       %.2f MB/s\n", throughputMB)
+	}
+}
+
+func printSummary(results map[string]*Metrics) {
+	fmt.Printf("\n🏆 性能汇总报告\n")
+	fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("=", 60))
+
+	fmt.Printf("%-15s %-12s %-10s %-12s %-10s\n", "接口", "RPS", "成功率", "平均延迟", "吞吐量")
+	fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 60))
+
+	for name, metrics := range results {
+		duration := metrics.EndTime.Sub(metrics.StartTime)
+		rps := float64(metrics.TotalRequests) / duration.Seconds()
+		successRate := float64(metrics.SuccessRequests) / float64(metrics.TotalRequests) * 100
+		avgLatency := time.Duration(metrics.TotalLatencyNs / metrics.TotalRequests)
+		throughput := float64(metrics.TotalBytes) / 1024 / 1024 / duration.Seconds()
+
+		fmt.Printf("%-15s %-12.0f %-9.1f%% %-12v %-8.1fMB/s\n",
+			name, rps, successRate, avgLatency, throughput)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("\n✅ 测试完成!")
+}

tests/test_cache_hit_rate.v

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// 测试缓存命中率
+module main
+
+import hono
+import net.http
+import time
+
+fn main() {
+	println('=== 缓存命中率测试 ===')
+	
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	app.get('/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		user_id := c.params['id'] or { 'unknown' }
+		return c.json('{"user_id": "${user_id}"}')
+	})
+	
+	// 获取 FastRouter 引用
+	mut router := app.fast_router
+	
+	// 预热：先匹配一次让缓存生效
+	println('\n1. 预热阶段')
+	_ := router.match_route('GET', '/users/123')
+	
+	// 获取初始统计
+	cache_size, cache_capacity := router.get_cache_stats()
+	println('   缓存大小: ${cache_size}/${cache_capacity}')
+	
+	// 测试相同路径的匹配
+	println('\n2. 测试相同路径 /users/123 匹配 1000 次')
+	sw := time.new_stopwatch()
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. 1000 {
+		_ := router.match_route('GET', '/users/123')
+	}
+	
+	elapsed := sw.elapsed()
+	println('   耗时: ${elapsed.microseconds()}μs')
+	println('   平均: ${elapsed.microseconds() / 1000}μs/次')
+	
+	// 获取缓存统计
+	cache_size2, _ := router.get_cache_stats()
+	println('   缓存大小: ${cache_size2}')
+	
+	// 测试不同路径
+	println('\n3. 测试不同路径 /users/1 到 /users/1000')
+	sw2 := time.new_stopwatch()
+	
+	for i in 1 .. 1001 {
+		_ := router.match_route('GET', '/users/${i}')
+	}
+	
+	elapsed2 := sw2.elapsed()
+	println('   耗时: ${elapsed2.microseconds()}μs')
+	println('   平均: ${elapsed2.microseconds() / 1000}μs/次')
+	
+	// 获取最终缓存统计
+	cache_size3, _ := router.get_cache_stats()
+	println('   缓存大小: ${cache_size3}')
+	
+	// 再次测试相同路径（应该命中缓存）
+	println('\n4. 再次测试 /users/500（应该命中缓存）')
+	sw3 := time.new_stopwatch()
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. 1000 {
+		_ := router.match_route('GET', '/users/500')
+	}
+	
+	elapsed3 := sw3.elapsed()
+	println('   耗时: ${elapsed3.microseconds()}μs')
+	println('   平均: ${elapsed3.microseconds() / 1000}μs/次')
+	
+	// 详细统计
+	println('\n5. 详细统计')
+	stats := router.get_detailed_stats()
+	for key, value in stats {
+		println('   ${key}: ${value}')
+	}
+	
+	println('\n=== 测试完成 ===')
+}

tests/test_fast_cache_optimization.v

@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+// FastCache 优化测试
+// 验证高性能缓存的正确性和性能
+module main
+
+import hono
+import net.http
+import time
+
+struct TestResult {
+mut:
+	name   string
+	passed bool
+	detail string
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗')
+	println('║           FastCache 优化测试                                  ║')
+	println('╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝')
+	println('')
+
+	mut results := []TestResult{}
+
+	// 1. 基本功能测试
+	results << test_basic_cache_operations()
+	
+	// 2. 路由匹配正确性测试
+	results << test_route_matching_correctness()
+	
+	// 3. 参数提取正确性测试
+	results << test_param_extraction()
+	
+	// 4. 缓存命中测试
+	results << test_cache_hit()
+	
+	// 5. 缓存容量测试
+	results << test_cache_capacity()
+	
+	// 6. 多路由并发测试
+	results << test_multiple_routes()
+	
+	// 7. 性能基准测试
+	results << test_performance_benchmark()
+	
+	// 8. 缓存一致性测试
+	results << test_cache_consistency()
+
+	// 打印结果
+	println('')
+	println('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════')
+	println('📊 测试结果汇总')
+	println('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════')
+	
+	mut passed := 0
+	mut failed := 0
+	
+	for result in results {
+		status := if result.passed { '✅' } else { '❌' }
+		println('${status} ${result.name}')
+		if result.detail.len > 0 {
+			println('   ${result.detail}')
+		}
+		if result.passed {
+			passed++
+		} else {
+			failed++
+		}
+	}
+	
+	println('')
+	println('总计: ${passed}/${results.len} 通过')
+	
+	if failed == 0 {
+		println('🎉 所有测试通过！FastCache 优化验证成功！')
+	} else {
+		println('⚠️  有 ${failed} 个测试失败')
+	}
+}
+
+// 1. 基本缓存操作测试
+fn test_basic_cache_operations() TestResult {
+	mut cache := hono.FastRouteCache.new(100)
+	
+	// 测试 put 和 get
+	test_match := hono.ContextRouteMatch{
+		params: {'id': '123'}
+		path: '/users/:id'
+	}
+	
+	cache.put('GET:/users/123', test_match)
+	
+	if result := cache.get('GET:/users/123') {
+		if result.params['id'] or { '' } == '123' {
+			size, capacity := cache.get_stats()
+			return TestResult{
+				name: '基本缓存操作'
+				passed: true
+				detail: '缓存大小: ${size}/${capacity}'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{
+		name: '基本缓存操作'
+		passed: false
+		detail: '缓存 get/put 失败'
+	}
+}
+
+// 2. 路由匹配正确性测试
+fn test_route_matching_correctness() TestResult {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	app.get('/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('user')
+	})
+	
+	app.get('/posts/:post_id/comments/:comment_id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('comment')
+	})
+	
+	mut router := app.fast_router
+	
+	// 测试单参数路由
+	if match1 := router.match_route('GET', '/users/456') {
+		if match1.params['id'] or { '' } != '456' {
+			return TestResult{name: '路由匹配正确性', passed: false, detail: '单参数提取错误'}
+		}
+	} else {
+		return TestResult{name: '路由匹配正确性', passed: false, detail: '单参数路由匹配失败'}
+	}
+	
+	// 测试多参数路由
+	if match2 := router.match_route('GET', '/posts/100/comments/200') {
+		post_id := match2.params['post_id'] or { '' }
+		comment_id := match2.params['comment_id'] or { '' }
+		if post_id != '100' || comment_id != '200' {
+			return TestResult{name: '路由匹配正确性', passed: false, detail: '多参数提取错误: post_id=${post_id}, comment_id=${comment_id}'}
+		}
+	} else {
+		return TestResult{name: '路由匹配正确性', passed: false, detail: '多参数路由匹配失败'}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{name: '路由匹配正确性', passed: true, detail: '单参数和多参数路由均正确'}
+}
+
+// 3. 参数提取正确性测试
+fn test_param_extraction() TestResult {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	app.get('/api/:version/users/:user_id/posts/:post_id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('ok')
+	})
+	
+	mut router := app.fast_router
+	
+	test_cases := [
+		['/api/v1/users/100/posts/200', 'v1', '100', '200'],
+		['/api/v2/users/abc/posts/xyz', 'v2', 'abc', 'xyz'],
+		['/api/beta/users/user-123/posts/post-456', 'beta', 'user-123', 'post-456'],
+	]
+	
+	for tc in test_cases {
+		path := tc[0]
+		expected_version := tc[1]
+		expected_user := tc[2]
+		expected_post := tc[3]
+		
+		if match_result := router.match_route('GET', path) {
+			version := match_result.params['version'] or { '' }
+			user_id := match_result.params['user_id'] or { '' }
+			post_id := match_result.params['post_id'] or { '' }
+			
+			if version != expected_version || user_id != expected_user || post_id != expected_post {
+				return TestResult{
+					name: '参数提取正确性'
+					passed: false
+					detail: '路径 ${path} 参数提取错误'
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			return TestResult{name: '参数提取正确性', passed: false, detail: '路径 ${path} 匹配失败'}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{name: '参数提取正确性', passed: true, detail: '${test_cases.len} 个测试用例全部通过'}
+}
+
+// 4. 缓存命中测试
+fn test_cache_hit() TestResult {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	app.get('/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('user')
+	})
+	
+	mut router := app.fast_router
+	
+	// 第一次匹配（缓存未命中，需要正则匹配）
+	_ := router.match_route('GET', '/users/123')
+	
+	// 获取缓存统计
+	cache_size1, _ := router.fast_cache.get_stats()
+	
+	// 第二次匹配（应该命中缓存）
+	if match2 := router.match_route('GET', '/users/123') {
+		if match2.params['id'] or { '' } == '123' {
+			cache_size2, _ := router.fast_cache.get_stats()
+			return TestResult{
+				name: '缓存命中测试'
+				passed: true
+				detail: '缓存大小: ${cache_size1} -> ${cache_size2}，参数正确'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{name: '缓存命中测试', passed: false, detail: '缓存命中后参数错误'}
+}
+
+// 5. 缓存容量测试
+fn test_cache_capacity() TestResult {
+	mut cache := hono.FastRouteCache.new(10)  // 小容量测试
+	
+	// 填满缓存
+	for i in 0 .. 10 {
+		cache.put('key${i}', hono.ContextRouteMatch{path: '/test/${i}'})
+	}
+	
+	size1, _ := cache.get_stats()
+	if size1 != 10 {
+		return TestResult{name: '缓存容量测试', passed: false, detail: '填充后大小错误: ${size1}'}
+	}
+	
+	// 超出容量，应该清空重建
+	cache.put('key_overflow', hono.ContextRouteMatch{path: '/overflow'})
+	
+	size2, _ := cache.get_stats()
+	if size2 != 1 {
+		return TestResult{name: '缓存容量测试', passed: false, detail: '溢出后大小错误: ${size2}'}
+	}
+	
+	// 验证新数据存在
+	if _ := cache.get('key_overflow') {
+		return TestResult{name: '缓存容量测试', passed: true, detail: '容量限制和清空重建正常'}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{name: '缓存容量测试', passed: false, detail: '溢出后数据丢失'}
+}
+
+// 6. 多路由并发测试
+fn test_multiple_routes() TestResult {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	// 注册多个路由
+	app.get('/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response { return c.text('user') })
+	app.get('/posts/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response { return c.text('post') })
+	app.get('/comments/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response { return c.text('comment') })
+	app.get('/tags/:name', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response { return c.text('tag') })
+	
+	mut router := app.fast_router
+	
+	// 交替匹配不同路由
+	test_paths := [
+		['/users/1', 'id', '1'],
+		['/posts/2', 'id', '2'],
+		['/comments/3', 'id', '3'],
+		['/tags/golang', 'name', 'golang'],
+		['/users/100', 'id', '100'],
+		['/posts/200', 'id', '200'],
+	]
+	
+	for tc in test_paths {
+		path := tc[0]
+		param_name := tc[1]
+		expected_value := tc[2]
+		
+		if match_result := router.match_route('GET', path) {
+			actual_value := match_result.params[param_name] or { '' }
+			if actual_value != expected_value {
+				return TestResult{
+					name: '多路由并发测试'
+					passed: false
+					detail: '路径 ${path} 参数错误: 期望 ${expected_value}, 实际 ${actual_value}'
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			return TestResult{name: '多路由并发测试', passed: false, detail: '路径 ${path} 匹配失败'}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{name: '多路由并发测试', passed: true, detail: '${test_paths.len} 个路径全部正确'}
+}
+
+// 7. 性能基准测试
+fn test_performance_benchmark() TestResult {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	app.get('/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('user')
+	})
+	
+	mut router := app.fast_router
+	
+	// 预热
+	for i in 0 .. 100 {
+		_ := router.match_route('GET', '/users/${i}')
+	}
+	
+	// 测试缓存命中性能
+	iterations := 10000
+	sw := time.new_stopwatch()
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ := router.match_route('GET', '/users/50')  // 命中缓存
+	}
+	
+	elapsed := sw.elapsed()
+	avg_ns := elapsed.nanoseconds() / iterations
+	avg_us := f64(avg_ns) / 1000.0
+	
+	// 缓存命中应该 < 1μs
+	if avg_us < 1.0 {
+		return TestResult{
+			name: '性能基准测试'
+			passed: true
+			detail: '缓存命中平均耗时: ${avg_us:.3f}μs (< 1μs ✓)'
+		}
+	} else if avg_us < 5.0 {
+		return TestResult{
+			name: '性能基准测试'
+			passed: true
+			detail: '缓存命中平均耗时: ${avg_us:.3f}μs (< 5μs, 可接受)'
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{
+		name: '性能基准测试'
+		passed: false
+		detail: '缓存命中平均耗时: ${avg_us:.3f}μs (> 5μs, 过慢)'
+	}
+}
+
+// 8. 缓存一致性测试
+fn test_cache_consistency() TestResult {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	app.get('/items/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('item')
+	})
+	
+	mut router := app.fast_router
+	
+	// 多次匹配相同路径，验证结果一致
+	mut results := []string{}
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. 100 {
+		if match_result := router.match_route('GET', '/items/999') {
+			results << match_result.params['id'] or { 'error' }
+		} else {
+			results << 'no_match'
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// 检查所有结果是否一致
+	first := results[0]
+	for i, r in results {
+		if r != first {
+			return TestResult{
+				name: '缓存一致性测试'
+				passed: false
+				detail: '第 ${i} 次结果不一致: ${r} != ${first}'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	if first == '999' {
+		return TestResult{name: '缓存一致性测试', passed: true, detail: '100 次匹配结果完全一致'}
+	}
+	
+	return TestResult{name: '缓存一致性测试', passed: false, detail: '参数值错误: ${first}'}
+}

tests/test_http_parse_optimization.v

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+module main
+
+import time
+
+// 测试 HTTP 解析优化
+
+// 原始版本 - 使用 split 和 index
+fn parse_path_and_query_original(full_path string) (string, map[string]string) {
+	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
+	
+	if idx := full_path.index('?') {
+		path := full_path[..idx]
+		query_str := full_path[idx + 1..]
+		
+		for part in query_str.split('&') {
+			if eq_idx := part.index('=') {
+				query_map[part[..eq_idx]] = part[eq_idx + 1..]
+			}
+		}
+		return path, query_map
+	}
+	
+	return full_path, query_map
+}
+
+// 优化版本 - 零分配单次遍历
+fn parse_path_and_query_optimized(full_path string) (string, map[string]string) {
+	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
+	len := full_path.len
+	
+	if len == 0 {
+		return full_path, query_map
+	}
+	
+	// 1. 查找 '?' 位置（单次遍历）
+	mut query_start := -1
+	for i in 0 .. len {
+		if full_path[i] == `?` {
+			query_start = i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// 没有查询参数，直接返回
+	if query_start == -1 {
+		return full_path, query_map
+	}
+	
+	path := full_path[..query_start]
+	
+	// 2. 解析查询参数（单次遍历，避免 split）
+	mut key_start := query_start + 1
+	mut key_end := -1
+	mut value_start := -1
+	
+	for i := query_start + 1; i <= len; i++ {
+		ch := if i < len { full_path[i] } else { `&` } // 末尾视为分隔符
+		
+		if ch == `=` && key_end == -1 {
+			key_end = i
+			value_start = i + 1
+		} else if ch == `&` {
+			// 完成一个键值对
+			if key_end > key_start && value_start > 0 {
+				key := full_path[key_start..key_end]
+				value := if value_start < i { full_path[value_start..i] } else { '' }
+				query_map[key] = value
+			} else if key_end == -1 && i > key_start {
+				// 只有 key 没有 value（如 ?foo&bar=1）
+				key := full_path[key_start..i]
+				query_map[key] = ''
+			}
+			// 重置状态
+			key_start = i + 1
+			key_end = -1
+			value_start = -1
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return path, query_map
+}
+
+// Keep-Alive 检查 - 原始版本
+fn check_keepalive_original(name string, value string) bool {
+	return name.to_lower() == 'connection' && value.to_lower().contains('keep-alive')
+}
+
+// 大小写不敏感比较
+@[inline]
+fn eq_ignore_case(a string, b string) bool {
+	if a.len != b.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i in 0 .. a.len {
+		ca := a[i]
+		cb := b[i]
+		la := if ca >= `A` && ca <= `Z` { ca + 32 } else { ca }
+		lb := if cb >= `A` && cb <= `Z` { cb + 32 } else { cb }
+		if la != lb {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// 大小写不敏感 contains
+@[inline]
+fn contains_ignore_case(haystack string, needle string) bool {
+	if needle.len > haystack.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	max_start := haystack.len - needle.len
+	for i := 0; i <= max_start; i++ {
+		mut found := true
+		for j in 0 .. needle.len {
+			ch := haystack[i + j]
+			cn := needle[j]
+			lh := if ch >= `A` && ch <= `Z` { ch + 32 } else { ch }
+			ln := if cn >= `A` && cn <= `Z` { cn + 32 } else { cn }
+			if lh != ln {
+				found = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if found {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Keep-Alive 检查 - 优化版本
+fn check_keepalive_optimized(name string, value string) bool {
+	return name.len == 10 && eq_ignore_case(name, 'connection') && contains_ignore_case(value, 'keep-alive')
+}
+
+// 测试正确性
+fn test_correctness() {
+	println('=== 测试正确性 ===')
+	
+	test_cases := [
+		'/api/users',
+		'/api/users?id=123',
+		'/api/users?id=123&name=test',
+		'/api/users?id=123&name=test&active=true',
+		'/search?q=hello+world&page=1&limit=10',
+		'/path?empty=&key=value',
+		'/path?novalue&key=value',
+		'/',
+		'/?single=param',
+	]
+	
+	mut all_passed := true
+	
+	for tc in test_cases {
+		path_orig, query_orig := parse_path_and_query_original(tc)
+		path_opt, query_opt := parse_path_and_query_optimized(tc)
+		
+		if path_orig != path_opt {
+			println('❌ 路径不匹配: ${tc}')
+			println('   原始: ${path_orig}')
+			println('   优化: ${path_opt}')
+			all_passed = false
+		} else if query_orig.len != query_opt.len {
+			println('❌ 查询参数数量不匹配: ${tc}')
+			println('   原始: ${query_orig}')
+			println('   优化: ${query_opt}')
+			all_passed = false
+		} else {
+			mut params_match := true
+			for k, v in query_orig {
+				if k !in query_opt || query_opt[k] != v {
+					params_match = false
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !params_match {
+				println('❌ 查询参数值不匹配: ${tc}')
+				println('   原始: ${query_orig}')
+				println('   优化: ${query_opt}')
+				all_passed = false
+			} else {
+				println('✓ ${tc}')
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	if all_passed {
+		println('\n✅ 所有正确性测试通过!')
+	} else {
+		println('\n❌ 部分测试失败')
+	}
+}
+
+// 性能基准测试
+fn benchmark_performance() {
+	println('\n=== 性能基准测试 ===')
+	
+	// 测试用例
+	test_paths := [
+		'/api/users',                                    // 无查询参数
+		'/api/users?id=123',                             // 单个参数
+		'/api/users?id=123&name=test&active=true',       // 多个参数
+		'/search?q=hello+world&page=1&limit=10&sort=desc&filter=active', // 复杂查询
+	]
+	
+	iterations := 100000
+	
+	for test_path in test_paths {
+		// 原始版本
+		sw_orig := time.new_stopwatch()
+		for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+			_, _ := parse_path_and_query_original(test_path)
+		}
+		time_orig := sw_orig.elapsed().microseconds()
+		
+		// 优化版本
+		sw_opt := time.new_stopwatch()
+		for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+			_, _ := parse_path_and_query_optimized(test_path)
+		}
+		time_opt := sw_opt.elapsed().microseconds()
+		
+		speedup := f64(time_orig) / f64(time_opt)
+		
+		println('\n路径: ${test_path}')
+		println('  原始版本: ${time_orig} μs (${iterations} 次)')
+		println('  优化版本: ${time_opt} μs (${iterations} 次)')
+		println('  提升: ${speedup:.2f}x')
+	}
+}
+
+// 测试 Keep-Alive 检查优化
+fn test_keepalive_optimization() {
+	println('\n=== Keep-Alive 检查优化测试 ===')
+	
+	test_cases := [
+		['Connection', 'keep-alive'],
+		['connection', 'Keep-Alive'],
+		['CONNECTION', 'KEEP-ALIVE'],
+		['Content-Type', 'application/json'],
+		['Connection', 'close'],
+	]
+	
+	iterations := 100000
+	
+	// 原始版本
+	sw_orig := time.new_stopwatch()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		for tc in test_cases {
+			_ := check_keepalive_original(tc[0], tc[1])
+		}
+	}
+	time_orig := sw_orig.elapsed().microseconds()
+	
+	// 优化版本
+	sw_opt := time.new_stopwatch()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		for tc in test_cases {
+			_ := check_keepalive_optimized(tc[0], tc[1])
+		}
+	}
+	time_opt := sw_opt.elapsed().microseconds()
+	
+	speedup := f64(time_orig) / f64(time_opt)
+	
+	println('原始版本: ${time_orig} μs (${iterations * test_cases.len} 次检查)')
+	println('优化版本: ${time_opt} μs (${iterations * test_cases.len} 次检查)')
+	println('提升: ${speedup:.2f}x')
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('HTTP 解析优化测试')
+	println('=' .repeat(50))
+	
+	test_correctness()
+	benchmark_performance()
+	test_keepalive_optimization()
+	
+	println('\n' + '=' .repeat(50))
+	println('测试完成!')
+}

tests/test_middleware_optimization.v

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+// 中间件优化测试
+// 测试三个优化点：
+// 1. 零中间件快速路径
+// 2. 中间件预计算（启动时排序）
+// 3. 复用 cache key
+
+import hono
+import time
+import net.http
+
+// 测试统计
+struct TestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests  int
+	passed_tests int
+	failed_tests int
+}
+
+fn (mut stats TestStats) start_test(test_name string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	print('🧪 ${test_name}... ')
+}
+
+fn (mut stats TestStats) pass_test() {
+	stats.passed_tests++
+	println('✅')
+}
+
+fn (mut stats TestStats) fail_test(error string) {
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	println('❌ ${error}')
+}
+
+fn (stats TestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== 测试总结 ===')
+	println('总测试数: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('通过: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('失败: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 所有测试通过！')
+	} else {
+		println('⚠️  有 ${stats.failed_tests} 个测试失败')
+	}
+}
+
+// 测试1：零中间件快速路径 - has_middlewares 标志
+fn test_zero_middleware_flag(mut stats TestStats) {
+	stats.start_test('零中间件标志 (has_middlewares)')
+	
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	// 新创建的应用应该没有中间件
+	if app.has_middlewares {
+		stats.fail_test('新应用不应该有中间件标志')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 添加中间件后标志应该为 true
+	app.use(fn (mut c hono.Context, next fn (mut hono.Context) http.Response) http.Response {
+		return next(mut c)
+	})
+	
+	if !app.has_middlewares {
+		stats.fail_test('添加中间件后标志应该为 true')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	stats.pass_test()
+}
+
+// 测试2：中间件预计算 - sorted_middleware_prefixes
+fn test_middleware_precompute(mut stats TestStats) {
+	stats.start_test('中间件预计算 (sorted_middleware_prefixes)')
+	
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	// 添加路由
+	app.get('/test', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('test')
+	})
+	
+	// 创建子应用并添加中间件
+	mut sub_app := hono.Hono.new()
+	sub_app.use(fn (mut c hono.Context, next fn (mut hono.Context) http.Response) http.Response {
+		return next(mut c)
+	})
+	sub_app.get('/hello', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('hello')
+	})
+	
+	// 挂载子应用
+	app.route('/api', mut sub_app)
+	
+	// 预计算前，sorted_middleware_prefixes 应该为空
+	if app.sorted_middleware_prefixes.len != 0 {
+		stats.fail_test('预计算前 sorted_middleware_prefixes 应该为空')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 调用预计算
+	app.precompute_middleware_prefixes()
+	
+	// 预计算后，sorted_middleware_prefixes 应该包含前缀
+	if app.sorted_middleware_prefixes.len == 0 && app.route_middlewares.len > 0 {
+		stats.fail_test('预计算后 sorted_middleware_prefixes 应该包含前缀')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 验证 has_middlewares 标志
+	if app.route_middlewares.len > 0 && !app.has_middlewares {
+		stats.fail_test('有路由中间件时 has_middlewares 应该为 true')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	stats.pass_test()
+}
+
+// 测试3：FastRouter cache key 复用
+fn test_fast_router_cache_key_reuse(mut stats TestStats) {
+	stats.start_test('FastRouter cache key 复用')
+	
+	mut router := hono.FastRouter.new()
+	
+	// 添加静态路由
+	static_handler := hono.ContextHandler{
+		path: '/users'
+		handler: fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+			return c.text('users')
+		}
+	}
+	router.add_route('GET', static_handler, '') or {
+		stats.fail_test('添加静态路由失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 添加动态路由
+	dynamic_handler := hono.ContextHandler{
+		path: '/users/:id'
+		handler: fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+			return c.text('user')
+		}
+	}
+	router.add_route('GET', dynamic_handler, '') or {
+		stats.fail_test('添加动态路由失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 测试静态路由匹配
+	if _ := router.match_route('GET', '/users') {
+		// 成功
+	} else {
+		stats.fail_test('静态路由匹配失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 测试动态路由匹配（第一次，会缓存）
+	if match1 := router.match_route('GET', '/users/123') {
+		if match1.params['id'] != '123' {
+			stats.fail_test('参数提取失败')
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		stats.fail_test('动态路由匹配失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 测试动态路由匹配（第二次，应该命中缓存）
+	if match2 := router.match_route('GET', '/users/123') {
+		if match2.params['id'] != '123' {
+			stats.fail_test('缓存命中后参数提取失败')
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		stats.fail_test('缓存命中失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 验证缓存状态
+	_, _, cache_count := router.get_stats()
+	if cache_count == 0 {
+		stats.fail_test('缓存应该有条目')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	stats.pass_test()
+}
+
+// 测试4：HybridRouter cache key 复用
+fn test_hybrid_router_cache_key_reuse(mut stats TestStats) {
+	stats.start_test('HybridRouter cache key 复用')
+	
+	mut router := hono.ContextHybridRouter.new()
+	
+	// 添加动态路由
+	dynamic_handler := hono.ContextHandler{
+		path: '/posts/:id'
+		handler: fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+			return c.text('post')
+		}
+	}
+	router.add_route('GET', dynamic_handler, '')
+	
+	// 第一次匹配（无缓存）
+	if match1 := router.match_route('GET', '/posts/456') {
+		if match1.params['id'] != '456' {
+			stats.fail_test('参数提取失败')
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		stats.fail_test('动态路由匹配失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 第二次匹配（应该命中缓存）
+	if match2 := router.match_route('GET', '/posts/456') {
+		if match2.params['id'] != '456' {
+			stats.fail_test('缓存命中后参数提取失败')
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		stats.fail_test('缓存命中失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	stats.pass_test()
+}
+
+// 测试5：性能对比 - 有中间件 vs 无中间件
+fn test_middleware_performance_comparison(mut stats TestStats) {
+	stats.start_test('中间件性能对比')
+	
+	// 创建无中间件的路由器
+	mut router_no_mw := hono.FastRouter.new()
+	handler := hono.ContextHandler{
+		path: '/api/users/:id'
+		handler: fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+			return c.text('user')
+		}
+	}
+	router_no_mw.add_route('GET', handler, '') or {
+		stats.fail_test('添加路由失败')
+		return
+	}
+	
+	// 预热
+	for _ in 0 .. 100 {
+		_ := router_no_mw.match_route('GET', '/api/users/123') or { continue }
+	}
+	
+	// 测试无中间件性能
+	iterations := 10000
+	start_no_mw := time.now()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ := router_no_mw.match_route('GET', '/api/users/123') or { continue }
+	}
+	duration_no_mw := time.since(start_no_mw)
+	
+	// 创建有中间件的应用
+	mut app_with_mw := hono.Hono.new()
+	app_with_mw.use(fn (mut c hono.Context, next fn (mut hono.Context) http.Response) http.Response {
+		return next(mut c)
+	})
+	app_with_mw.get('/api/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('user')
+	})
+	app_with_mw.precompute_middleware_prefixes()
+	
+	// 预热
+	for _ in 0 .. 100 {
+		_ := app_with_mw.fast_router.match_route('GET', '/api/users/123') or { continue }
+	}
+	
+	// 测试有中间件性能
+	start_with_mw := time.now()
+	for _ in 0 .. iterations {
+		_ := app_with_mw.fast_router.match_route('GET', '/api/users/123') or { continue }
+	}
+	duration_with_mw := time.since(start_with_mw)
+	
+	println('')
+	println('  📊 无中间件: ${duration_no_mw.milliseconds()}ms (${iterations} 次)')
+	println('  📊 有中间件: ${duration_with_mw.milliseconds()}ms (${iterations} 次)')
+	
+	// 性能差异不应该太大（路由匹配本身不受中间件影响）
+	stats.pass_test()
+}
+
+// 测试6：预计算排序正确性
+fn test_precompute_sorting(mut stats TestStats) {
+	stats.start_test('预计算排序正确性')
+	
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	// 添加多个子应用，模拟不同长度的前缀
+	mut sub1 := hono.Hono.new()
+	sub1.use(fn (mut c hono.Context, next fn (mut hono.Context) http.Response) http.Response {
+		return next(mut c)
+	})
+	sub1.get('/test', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('test')
+	})
+	
+	mut sub2 := hono.Hono.new()
+	sub2.use(fn (mut c hono.Context, next fn (mut hono.Context) http.Response) http.Response {
+		return next(mut c)
+	})
+	sub2.get('/test', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('test')
+	})
+	
+	mut sub3 := hono.Hono.new()
+	sub3.use(fn (mut c hono.Context, next fn (mut hono.Context) http.Response) http.Response {
+		return next(mut c)
+	})
+	sub3.get('/test', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('test')
+	})
+	
+	// 按不同顺序挂载（长前缀先挂载）
+	app.route('/api/v1/users', mut sub1)
+	app.route('/api', mut sub2)
+	app.route('/api/v1', mut sub3)
+	
+	// 预计算
+	app.precompute_middleware_prefixes()
+	
+	// 验证排序：短前缀应该在前面
+	if app.sorted_middleware_prefixes.len >= 2 {
+		for i in 0 .. app.sorted_middleware_prefixes.len - 1 {
+			if app.sorted_middleware_prefixes[i].len > app.sorted_middleware_prefixes[i + 1].len {
+				stats.fail_test('前缀排序不正确：${app.sorted_middleware_prefixes[i]} 应该在 ${app.sorted_middleware_prefixes[i + 1]} 之后')
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	stats.pass_test()
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🚀 开始中间件优化测试...\n')
+	
+	mut stats := TestStats{}
+	
+	// 运行所有测试
+	test_zero_middleware_flag(mut stats)
+	test_middleware_precompute(mut stats)
+	test_fast_router_cache_key_reuse(mut stats)
+	test_hybrid_router_cache_key_reuse(mut stats)
+	test_middleware_performance_comparison(mut stats)
+	test_precompute_sorting(mut stats)
+	
+	// 打印测试总结
+	stats.print_summary()
+}

tests/test_picoev_integration.go

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+// picoev 优化集成测试 (Go 版本)
+// 测试 picoev 服务器的完整功能，确保优化没有引入新问题
+//
+// 使用方法:
+// 1. 先启动测试服务器: v -enable-globals run v-hono/tests/test_picoev_server.v
+// 2. 运行测试: go run v-hono/tests/test_picoev_integration.go
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const baseURL = "http://127.0.0.1:9999"
+
+type TestStats struct {
+	total  int
+	passed int
+	failed int
+	errors []string
+}
+
+func (s *TestStats) run(name string, testFn func() bool) {
+	s.total++
+	fmt.Printf("  🧪 %s... ", name)
+
+	if testFn() {
+		s.passed++
+		fmt.Println("✅")
+	} else {
+		s.failed++
+		s.errors = append(s.errors, name)
+		fmt.Println("❌")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *TestStats) summary() {
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════")
+	fmt.Printf("📊 测试结果: %d/%d 通过\n", s.passed, s.total)
+
+	if s.failed > 0 {
+		fmt.Println("❌ 失败的测试:")
+		for _, err := range s.errors {
+			fmt.Printf("   - %s\n", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("🎉 所有测试通过！picoev 优化验证成功！")
+	}
+	fmt.Println("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Println("╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗")
+	fmt.Println("║           picoev 优化集成测试 (Go)                            ║")
+	fmt.Println("╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝")
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 验证服务器是否运行
+	fmt.Println("🔍 检查测试服务器...")
+	if !checkServerReady() {
+		fmt.Println("❌ 服务器未运行")
+		fmt.Println("   请先启动: v -enable-globals run v-hono/tests/test_picoev_server.v")
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Println("✅ 服务器已就绪")
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	stats := &TestStats{}
+
+	// 1. 基本 GET 路由测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 1. 基本 GET 路由测试")
+	stats.run("GET 根路径", testGetRoot)
+	stats.run("GET 健康检查", testGetHealth)
+	stats.run("GET 静态路由", testGetStatic)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 2. 动态路由测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 2. 动态路由测试")
+	stats.run("单参数路由", testSingleParam)
+	stats.run("多参数路由", testMultiParams)
+	stats.run("嵌套参数路由", testNestedParams)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 3. 查询参数测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 3. 查询参数测试")
+	stats.run("单个查询参数", testSingleQuery)
+	stats.run("多个查询参数", testMultiQuery)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 4. 响应格式测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 4. 响应格式测试")
+	stats.run("JSON 响应", testJSONResponse)
+	stats.run("HTML 响应", testHTMLResponse)
+	stats.run("自定义状态码 201", testCustomStatus)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 5. 中间件测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 5. 中间件测试")
+	stats.run("全局中间件响应头", testMiddlewareHeader)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 6. 404 处理测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 6. 错误处理测试")
+	stats.run("404 未找到", testNotFound)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 7. Keep-Alive 测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 7. Keep-Alive 连接测试")
+	stats.run("连接复用", testKeepAlive)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 8. 性能测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 8. 性能测试")
+	stats.run("响应时间 < 50ms", testResponseTime)
+	stats.run("吞吐量测试", testThroughput)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 9. 高并发基准测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 9. Keep-Alive 基准测试")
+	testBenchmark()
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 输出总结
+	stats.summary()
+}
+
+// 检查服务器是否就绪
+func checkServerReady() bool {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 2 * time.Second}
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/health")
+		if err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {
+			resp.Body.Close()
+			return true
+		}
+		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ==================== 基本 GET 路由测试 ====================
+
+func testGetRoot() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "Hello")
+}
+
+func testGetHealth() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/health")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && body == "OK"
+}
+
+func testGetStatic() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/health")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && body == "OK"
+}
+
+// ==================== 动态路由测试 ====================
+
+func testSingleParam() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/users/456")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "456")
+}
+
+func testMultiParams() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/users/123/posts/789")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "123") && strings.Contains(body, "789")
+}
+
+func testNestedParams() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/categories/tech/items/laptop")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "tech") && strings.Contains(body, "laptop")
+}
+
+// ==================== 查询参数测试 ====================
+
+func testSingleQuery() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/search?q=test")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "test")
+}
+
+func testMultiQuery() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/search?q=hello&limit=10&page=1")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "hello")
+}
+
+// ==================== 响应格式测试 ====================
+
+func testJSONResponse() bool {
+	resp, _ := doGet("/api/json")
+	if resp == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	return resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(contentType, "application/json")
+}
+
+func testHTMLResponse() bool {
+	resp, _ := doGet("/api/html")
+	if resp == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	return resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(contentType, "text/html")
+}
+
+func testCustomStatus() bool {
+	resp, _ := doGet("/api/created")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 201
+}
+
+// ==================== 中间件测试 ====================
+
+func testMiddlewareHeader() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/health")
+	// 检查中间件添加的响应头
+	if resp == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	middlewareHeader := resp.Header.Get("X-Middleware")
+	return resp.StatusCode == 200 && body == "OK" && middlewareHeader == "applied"
+}
+
+// ==================== 错误处理测试 ====================
+
+func testNotFound() bool {
+	resp, _ := doGet("/nonexistent/path/here")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 404
+}
+
+// ==================== Keep-Alive 测试 ====================
+
+func testKeepAlive() bool {
+	// 使用同一个 transport 发送多个请求
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		MaxIdleConns:        10,
+		IdleConnTimeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		DisableKeepAlives:   false,
+	}
+	client := &http.Client{Transport: transport, Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/api/health")
+		if err != nil || resp.StatusCode != 200 {
+			return false
+		}
+		io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// ==================== 性能测试 ====================
+
+func testResponseTime() bool {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/api/health")
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	avgMs := float64(elapsed.Milliseconds()) / 10.0
+
+	// 平均响应时间应小于 50ms
+	return avgMs < 50.0
+}
+
+func testThroughput() bool {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+	requests := 50
+	success := 0
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	for i := 0; i < requests; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/api/health")
+		if err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {
+			success++
+			io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+			resp.Body.Close()
+		}
+	}
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	rps := float64(success) * 1000.0 / float64(elapsed.Milliseconds())
+	fmt.Printf("(%.0f req/s) ", rps)
+
+	// 吞吐量应大于 20 req/s，成功率 > 90%
+	return rps > 20.0 && success >= requests*9/10
+}
+
+// Keep-Alive 基准测试
+func testBenchmark() {
+	requests := 5000
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:9999")
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("  ❌ 连接失败:", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// 预热
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		fmt.Fprintf(conn, "GET /health HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:9999\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n")
+		buf := make([]byte, 256)
+		conn.Read(buf)
+	}
+
+	// 正式测试
+	start := time.Now()
+	success := 0
+
+	for i := 0; i < requests; i++ {
+		_, err := fmt.Fprintf(conn, "GET /health HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:9999\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n")
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, 256)
+		_, err = conn.Read(buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		success++
+	}
+
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	elapsedMs := float64(elapsed.Milliseconds())
+	rps := float64(success) * 1000.0 / elapsedMs
+	avgUs := elapsedMs * 1000.0 / float64(success)
+
+	fmt.Printf("  成功请求: %d/%d\n", success, requests)
+	fmt.Printf("  吞吐量: %.0f req/s\n", rps)
+	fmt.Printf("  平均延迟: %.2fμs\n", avgUs)
+}
+
+// 辅助函数
+func doGet(path string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+	resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	return resp, string(body)
+}

tests/test_picoev_integration.v

@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-// picoev 优化集成测试
-// 测试 picoev 服务器的完整功能，确保优化没有引入新问题
-// 
-// 使用方法:
-// 1. 先启动测试服务器: v run tests/test_picoev_server.v
-// 2. 运行测试: v run tests/test_picoev_integration.v
-
-module main
-
-import net.http
-import time
-
-// 测试统计
-struct TestStats {
-mut:
-	total   int
-	passed  int
-	failed  int
-	errors  []string
-}
-
-fn (mut s TestStats) run(name string, test_fn fn () bool) {
-	s.total++
-	print('  🧪 ${name}... ')
-	
-	result := test_fn()
-	if result {
-		s.passed++
-		println('✅')
-	} else {
-		s.failed++
-		s.errors << name
-		println('❌')
-	}
-}
-
-fn (s TestStats) summary() {
-	println('')
-	println('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════')
-	println('📊 测试结果: ${s.passed}/${s.total} 通过')
-	
-	if s.failed > 0 {
-		println('❌ 失败的测试:')
-		for err in s.errors {
-			println('   - ${err}')
-		}
-	} else {
-		println('🎉 所有测试通过！picoev 优化验证成功！')
-	}
-	println('═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════')
-}
-
-const base_url = 'http://127.0.0.1:9999'
-
-fn main() {
-	println('╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗')
-	println('║           picoev 优化集成测试                                 ║')
-	println('╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝')
-	println('')
-	
-	// 验证服务器是否运行
-	println('🔍 检查测试服务器...')
-	if !check_server_ready() {
-		println('❌ 服务器未运行')
-		println('   请先启动: v run tests/test_picoev_server.v')
-		return
-	}
-	println('✅ 服务器已就绪')
-	println('')
-	
-	mut stats := TestStats{}
-	
-	// 1. 基本 GET 路由测试
-	println('📦 1. 基本 GET 路由测试')
-	stats.run('GET 根路径', test_get_root)
-	stats.run('GET 健康检查', test_get_health)
-	stats.run('GET 静态路由', test_get_static)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 2. 动态路由测试
-	println('📦 2. 动态路由测试')
-	stats.run('单参数路由', test_single_param)
-	stats.run('多参数路由', test_multi_params)
-	stats.run('嵌套参数路由', test_nested_params)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 3. 查询参数测试
-	println('📦 3. 查询参数测试')
-	stats.run('单个查询参数', test_single_query)
-	stats.run('多个查询参数', test_multi_query)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 4. 响应格式测试
-	println('📦 4. 响应格式测试')
-	stats.run('JSON 响应', test_json_response)
-	stats.run('HTML 响应', test_html_response)
-	stats.run('自定义状态码 201', test_custom_status)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 5. 中间件测试
-	println('📦 5. 中间件测试')
-	stats.run('全局中间件响应头', test_middleware_header)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 6. 404 处理测试
-	println('📦 6. 错误处理测试')
-	stats.run('404 未找到', test_not_found)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 7. Keep-Alive 测试
-	println('📦 7. Keep-Alive 连接测试')
-	stats.run('连接复用', test_keep_alive)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 8. 性能测试
-	println('📦 8. 性能测试')
-	stats.run('响应时间 < 50ms', test_response_time)
-	stats.run('吞吐量测试', test_throughput)
-	println('')
-	
-	// 输出总结
-	stats.summary()
-}
-
-// 检查服务器是否就绪
-fn check_server_ready() bool {
-	for _ in 0 .. 5 {
-		resp := http.get(base_url + '/health') or {
-			time.sleep(200 * time.millisecond)
-			continue
-		}
-		if resp.status_code == 200 {
-			return true
-		}
-		time.sleep(200 * time.millisecond)
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// ==================== 基本 GET 路由测试 ====================
-
-fn test_get_root() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body.contains('Hello')
-}
-
-fn test_get_health() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/health') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body == 'OK'
-}
-
-fn test_get_static() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/health') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body == 'OK'
-}
-
-// ==================== 动态路由测试 ====================
-
-fn test_single_param() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/users/456') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body.contains('456')
-}
-
-fn test_multi_params() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/users/123/posts/789') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body.contains('123') && resp.body.contains('789')
-}
-
-fn test_nested_params() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/categories/tech/items/laptop') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body.contains('tech') && resp.body.contains('laptop')
-}
-
-// ==================== 查询参数测试 ====================
-
-fn test_single_query() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/search?q=test') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body.contains('test')
-}
-
-fn test_multi_query() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/search?q=hello&limit=10&page=1') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && resp.body.contains('hello')
-}
-
-// ==================== 响应格式测试 ====================
-
-fn test_json_response() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/json') or { return false }
-	content_type := resp.header.get(.content_type) or { '' }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && content_type.contains('application/json')
-}
-
-fn test_html_response() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/html') or { return false }
-	content_type := resp.header.get(.content_type) or { '' }
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && content_type.contains('text/html')
-}
-
-fn test_custom_status() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/created') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 201
-}
-
-// ==================== 中间件测试 ====================
-
-fn test_middleware_header() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/health') or { return false }
-	// 检查中间件添加的响应头 - 通过原始响应检查
-	raw_resp := resp.body
-	// 中间件应该已经执行，检查响应是否正常
-	return resp.status_code == 200 && raw_resp == 'OK'
-}
-
-// ==================== 错误处理测试 ====================
-
-fn test_not_found() bool {
-	resp := http.get(base_url + '/nonexistent/path/here') or { return false }
-	return resp.status_code == 404
-}
-
-// ==================== Keep-Alive 测试 ====================
-
-fn test_keep_alive() bool {
-	// 发送多个请求，检查连接是否正常
-	for _ in 0 .. 5 {
-		resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/health') or { return false }
-		if resp.status_code != 200 {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-// ==================== 性能测试 ====================
-
-fn test_response_time() bool {
-	sw := time.new_stopwatch()
-	
-	for _ in 0 .. 10 {
-		_ := http.get(base_url + '/api/health') or { return false }
-	}
-	
-	elapsed := sw.elapsed()
-	avg_ms := f64(elapsed.milliseconds()) / 10.0
-	
-	// 平均响应时间应小于 50ms
-	return avg_ms < 50.0
-}
-
-fn test_throughput() bool {
-	sw := time.new_stopwatch()
-	requests := 50
-	mut success := 0
-	
-	for _ in 0 .. requests {
-		resp := http.get(base_url + '/api/health') or { continue }
-		if resp.status_code == 200 {
-			success++
-		}
-	}
-	
-	elapsed := sw.elapsed()
-	rps := f64(success) * 1000.0 / f64(elapsed.milliseconds())
-	
-	print('(${rps:.0f} req/s) ')
-	
-	// 吞吐量应大于 20 req/s，成功率 > 90%
-	return rps > 20.0 && success >= requests * 9 / 10
-}

tests/test_usockets_integration.go

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+// uSockets 集成测试 (Go 版本)
+//
+// 使用方法:
+// 1. 先启动测试服务器: v -enable-globals run v-hono/tests/test_usockets_server.v
+// 2. 运行测试: go run v-hono/tests/test_usockets_integration.go
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const baseURL = "http://127.0.0.1:9998"
+
+type TestStats struct {
+	total  int
+	passed int
+	failed int
+	errors []string
+}
+
+func (s *TestStats) run(name string, testFn func() bool) {
+	s.total++
+	fmt.Printf("  🧪 %s... ", name)
+
+	if testFn() {
+		s.passed++
+		fmt.Println("✅")
+	} else {
+		s.failed++
+		s.errors = append(s.errors, name)
+		fmt.Println("❌")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *TestStats) summary() {
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════")
+	fmt.Printf("📊 测试结果: %d/%d 通过\n", s.passed, s.total)
+
+	if s.failed > 0 {
+		fmt.Println("❌ 失败的测试:")
+		for _, err := range s.errors {
+			fmt.Printf("   - %s\n", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("🎉 所有测试通过！uSockets 后端验证成功！")
+	}
+	fmt.Println("═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	fmt.Println("╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗")
+	fmt.Println("║           uSockets 集成测试 (Go)                              ║")
+	fmt.Println("╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝")
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 验证服务器是否运行
+	fmt.Println("🔍 检查 uSockets 测试服务器...")
+	if !checkServerReady() {
+		fmt.Println("❌ 服务器未运行")
+		fmt.Println("   请先启动: v -enable-globals run v-hono/tests/test_usockets_server.v")
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Println("✅ 服务器已就绪")
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	stats := &TestStats{}
+
+	// 1. 基本路由测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 1. 基本路由测试")
+	stats.run("GET /", testGetRoot)
+	stats.run("GET /health", testGetHealth)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 2. JSON 响应测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 2. JSON 响应测试")
+	stats.run("GET /api/json", testJSONResponse)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 3. 动态路由测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 3. 动态路由测试")
+	stats.run("GET /api/users/:id", testSingleParam)
+	stats.run("GET /api/users/:user_id/posts/:post_id", testMultiParams)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 4. 查询参数测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 4. 查询参数测试")
+	stats.run("GET /api/search?q=hello", testQueryParam)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 5. 404 测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 5. 404 测试")
+	stats.run("404 Not Found", testNotFound)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 6. Keep-Alive 测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 6. Keep-Alive 连接测试")
+	stats.run("Keep-Alive 连接复用", testKeepAlive)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 7. 性能测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 7. 性能测试")
+	stats.run("吞吐量测试", testThroughput)
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 8. 高并发基准测试
+	fmt.Println("📦 8. Keep-Alive 基准测试")
+	testBenchmark()
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// 输出总结
+	stats.summary()
+}
+
+func checkServerReady() bool {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 2 * time.Second}
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/health")
+		if err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {
+			resp.Body.Close()
+			return true
+		}
+		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func testGetRoot() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "Hello from uSockets")
+}
+
+func testGetHealth() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/health")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && body == "OK"
+}
+
+func testJSONResponse() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/json")
+	if resp == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	contentType := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	return resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(contentType, "application/json") && strings.Contains(body, "Hello JSON")
+}
+
+func testSingleParam() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/users/123")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "123")
+}
+
+func testMultiParams() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/users/100/posts/200")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "100") && strings.Contains(body, "200")
+}
+
+func testQueryParam() bool {
+	resp, body := doGet("/api/search?q=hello")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 && strings.Contains(body, "hello")
+}
+
+func testNotFound() bool {
+	resp, _ := doGet("/nonexistent")
+	return resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == 404
+}
+
+func testKeepAlive() bool {
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		MaxIdleConns:      10,
+		IdleConnTimeout:   30 * time.Second,
+		DisableKeepAlives: false,
+	}
+	client := &http.Client{Transport: transport, Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/health")
+		if err != nil || resp.StatusCode != 200 {
+			return false
+		}
+		io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+		resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func testThroughput() bool {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+	requests := 100
+	success := 0
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	for i := 0; i < requests; i++ {
+		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/health")
+		if err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {
+			success++
+			io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
+			resp.Body.Close()
+		}
+	}
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	rps := float64(success) * 1000.0 / float64(elapsed.Milliseconds())
+	fmt.Printf("(%.0f req/s) ", rps)
+
+	return success >= requests*9/10
+}
+
+func testBenchmark() {
+	requests := 5000
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:9998")
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("  ❌ 连接失败:", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// 预热
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		fmt.Fprintf(conn, "GET /health HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:9998\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n")
+		buf := make([]byte, 256)
+		conn.Read(buf)
+	}
+
+	// 正式测试
+	start := time.Now()
+	success := 0
+
+	for i := 0; i < requests; i++ {
+		_, err := fmt.Fprintf(conn, "GET /health HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:9998\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\n")
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, 256)
+		_, err = conn.Read(buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		success++
+	}
+
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	elapsedMs := float64(elapsed.Milliseconds())
+	rps := float64(success) * 1000.0 / elapsedMs
+	avgUs := elapsedMs * 1000.0 / float64(success)
+
+	fmt.Printf("  成功请求: %d/%d\n", success, requests)
+	fmt.Printf("  吞吐量: %.0f req/s\n", rps)
+	fmt.Printf("  平均延迟: %.2fμs\n", avgUs)
+}
+
+func doGet(path string) (*http.Response, string) {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second}
+	resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ""
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	return resp, string(body)
+}

tests/test_usockets_server.v

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// uSockets 测试服务器
+module main
+
+import net.http
+import hono
+
+fn main() {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+	
+	// 基本路由
+	app.get('/', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('Hello from uSockets!')
+	})
+	
+	app.get('/health', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('OK')
+	})
+	
+	// JSON 响应
+	app.get('/api/json', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.json('{"message": "Hello JSON"}')
+	})
+	
+	// 动态路由
+	app.get('/api/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		id := c.params['id'] or { '' }
+		return c.json('{"id": "${id}"}')
+	})
+	
+	app.get('/api/users/:user_id/posts/:post_id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		user_id := c.params['user_id'] or { '' }
+		post_id := c.params['post_id'] or { '' }
+		return c.json('{"user_id": "${user_id}", "post_id": "${post_id}"}')
+	})
+	
+	// 查询参数
+	app.get('/api/search', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		q := c.query['q'] or { '' }
+		return c.json('{"query": "${q}"}')
+	})
+	
+	// 404 处理
+	app.not_found(fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		c.status(404)
+		return c.json('{"error": "Not Found"}')
+	})
+	
+	println('[usockets-test-server] Starting on port 9998...')
+	app.listen_usockets(9998)
+}

tests/test_usockets_server_simple.v

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// uSockets 简化测试服务器 - 与外层 main.v 配置一致
+module main
+
+import hono
+import net.http
+import x.json2
+
+// JSON 响应结构体
+struct JsonResponse {
+	message string
+}
+
+struct UserResponse {
+	user_id string
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+
+	// 与外层 main.v 完全一致的路由配置（无中间件）
+	app.get('/', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('Hello, World!')
+	})
+
+	app.get('/json', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		data := JsonResponse{message: 'Hello, JSON!'}
+		json_str := json2.encode(data)
+		return c.json(json_str)
+	})
+
+	app.get('/users/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		user_id := c.params['id'] or { 'unknown' }
+		data := UserResponse{user_id: user_id}
+		json_str := json2.encode(data)
+		return c.json(json_str)
+	})
+
+	app.get('/health', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.text('OK')
+	})
+
+	println('[usockets-simple] Starting on port 9999 (uSockets)...')
+	app.listen_usockets(9999)
+}

usockets/usockets.v

@@ -1,11 +1,43 @@
 module usockets
 
-#flag -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV
-#flag -DLIBUS_NO_SSL
-#flag -IC:/Users/admin/.vmodules/hono/usockets/include
-#flag -LC:/Users/admin/.vmodules/hono/usockets/lib
-#flag C:/Users/admin/.vmodules/hono/usockets/lib/libusockets_full.a
-#flag -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -lpsapi -luserenv -lole32
+// 条件编译：根据操作系统选择正确的路径和库
+// @VMODROOT 指向包含 v.mod 的模块根目录 (v-hono/)
+
+$if windows {
+	#flag -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV
+	#flag -DLIBUS_NO_SSL
+	#flag -I@VMODROOT/usockets/include
+	#flag -L@VMODROOT/lib
+	#flag @VMODROOT/lib/libusockets_full.a
+	#flag -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -lpsapi -luserenv -lole32
+} $else $if macos {
+	// macOS: 支持 Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3) 和 Intel Mac
+	#flag -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV
+	#flag -DLIBUS_NO_SSL
+	
+	// libuv 路径 - 根据架构选择 Homebrew 路径
+	$if arm64 {
+		#flag -I/opt/homebrew/include
+		#flag -L/opt/homebrew/lib
+	} $else {
+		#flag -I/usr/local/include
+		#flag -L/usr/local/lib
+	}
+	
+	// uSockets 库路径
+	#flag -I@VMODROOT/usockets/include
+	#flag -L@VMODROOT/lib
+	#flag @VMODROOT/lib/libusockets_full.a
+	#flag -luv
+} $else {
+	// Linux 和其他平台
+	#flag -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV
+	#flag -DLIBUS_NO_SSL
+	#flag -I@VMODROOT/usockets/include
+	#flag -L@VMODROOT/lib
+	#flag @VMODROOT/lib/libusockets_full.a
+	#flag -luv
+}
 
 #include "libusockets.h"
 
@@ -20,13 +52,13 @@ struct C.us_socket_t {}
 struct C.us_listen_socket_t {}
 
 struct C.us_socket_context_options_t {
-key_file_name         voidptr
-cert_file_name        voidptr
-passphrase            voidptr
-dh_params_file_name   voidptr
-ca_file_name          voidptr
-ssl_ciphers           voidptr
-ssl_prefer_low_memory_usage int
+	key_file_name         voidptr
+	cert_file_name        voidptr
+	passphrase            voidptr
+	dh_params_file_name   voidptr
+	ca_file_name          voidptr
+	ssl_ciphers           voidptr
+	ssl_prefer_low_memory_usage int
 }
 
 fn C.us_create_loop(hint voidptr, wakeup_cb voidptr, pre_cb voidptr, post_cb voidptr, ext_size u32) Loop
@@ -54,15 +86,15 @@ fn empty_pre(loop Loop) {}
 fn empty_post(loop Loop) {}
 
 pub fn create_loop() Loop {
-return C.us_create_loop(unsafe { nil }, empty_wakeup, empty_pre, empty_post, 0)
+	return C.us_create_loop(unsafe { nil }, empty_wakeup, empty_pre, empty_post, 0)
 }
 
 pub fn (l Loop) run() { C.us_loop_run(l) }
 pub fn (l Loop) free() { C.us_loop_free(l) }
 
 pub fn create_socket_context(loop Loop) SocketContext {
-options := C.us_socket_context_options_t{}
-return C.us_create_socket_context(0, loop, 0, options)
+	options := C.us_socket_context_options_t{}
+	return C.us_create_socket_context(0, loop, 0, options)
 }
 
 pub fn (ctx SocketContext) free() { C.us_socket_context_free(0, ctx) }
@@ -73,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn (ctx SocketContext) on_writable(h voidptr) { C.us_socket_context_on_writa
 pub fn (ctx SocketContext) on_timeout(h voidptr) { C.us_socket_context_on_timeout(0, ctx, h) }
 pub fn (ctx SocketContext) on_end(h voidptr) { C.us_socket_context_on_end(0, ctx, h) }
 pub fn (ctx SocketContext) listen(port int) ListenSocket {
-return C.us_socket_context_listen(0, ctx, unsafe { nil }, port, 0, 0)
+	return C.us_socket_context_listen(0, ctx, unsafe { nil }, port, 0, 0)
 }
 
 pub fn (s Socket) write_bytes(data string) int { return C.us_socket_write(0, s, data.str, data.len, 0) }

usockets_server.v

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ pub fn (mut app Hono) listen_usockets(port int) {
 
 // 使用 uSockets 启动服务器（带配置）
 pub fn (mut app Hono) listen_usockets_with_config(config UsocketsConfig) {
+	// 优化：预计算中间件前缀排序
+	app.precompute_middleware_prefixes()
+	
 	// 存储到全局变量
 	g_usockets_app = unsafe { &app }
 	g_usockets_config = config
@@ -102,9 +105,16 @@ fn usockets_on_data(s usockets.Socket, data &char, length int) usockets.Socket {
 	if g_usockets_app.use_fast_router {
 		if route_match := g_usockets_app.fast_router.match_route(method, path) {
 			mut hono_ctx := create_usockets_context(method, path, route_match.params, query_map, body)
-			middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_usockets(g_usockets_app, path)
-			response := exec_middlewares_usockets(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
-			send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+			
+			// 优化1：零中间件快速路径
+			if !g_usockets_app.has_middlewares {
+				response := route_match.handler.handle(mut hono_ctx)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+			} else {
+				middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_usockets_optimized(g_usockets_app, path)
+				response := exec_middlewares_usockets(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+			}
 			response_sent = true
 		}
 	}
@@ -113,9 +123,16 @@ fn usockets_on_data(s usockets.Socket, data &char, length int) usockets.Socket {
 	if !response_sent {
 		if route_match := g_usockets_app.context_hybrid_router.match_route(method, path) {
 			mut hono_ctx := create_usockets_context(method, path, route_match.params, query_map, body)
-			middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_usockets(g_usockets_app, path)
-			response := exec_middlewares_usockets(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
-			send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+			
+			// 优化1：零中间件快速路径
+			if !g_usockets_app.has_middlewares {
+				response := route_match.handler.handle(mut hono_ctx)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+			} else {
+				middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_usockets_optimized(g_usockets_app, path)
+				response := exec_middlewares_usockets(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+			}
 			response_sent = true
 		}
 	}
@@ -152,57 +169,119 @@ fn usockets_on_end(s usockets.Socket) usockets.Socket {
 	return s.close()
 }
 
-// 解析 HTTP 请求
+// 解析 HTTP 请求 - 零分配优化版
+// 使用指针遍历避免创建临时数组
 fn parse_http_request_usockets(raw string) (string, string, map[string]string, string) {
 	mut method := ''
 	mut path := ''
 	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
 	mut body := ''
-
-	line_end := raw.index('\r\n') or { return method, path, query_map, body }
-	request_line := raw[..line_end]
-
-	parts := request_line.split(' ')
-	if parts.len < 2 {
+	
+	len := raw.len
+	if len == 0 {
 		return method, path, query_map, body
 	}
-
-	method = parts[0]
-	full_path := parts[1]
-
-	if query_idx := full_path.index('?') {
-		path = full_path[..query_idx]
-		query_str := full_path[query_idx + 1..]
-		for part in query_str.split('&') {
-			if eq_idx := part.index('=') {
-				query_map[part[..eq_idx]] = part[eq_idx + 1..]
-			}
+	
+	// 1. 查找第一行结束位置（\r\n）
+	mut line_end := -1
+	for i in 0 .. len - 1 {
+		if raw[i] == `\r` && raw[i + 1] == `\n` {
+			line_end = i
+			break
 		}
+	}
+	if line_end == -1 {
+		return method, path, query_map, body
+	}
+	
+	// 2. 解析 method（到第一个空格）
+	mut method_end := 0
+	for method_end < line_end && raw[method_end] != ` ` {
+		method_end++
+	}
+	if method_end == 0 || method_end >= line_end {
+		return method, path, query_map, body
+	}
+	method = raw[..method_end]
+	
+	// 3. 解析 path 和 query（从空格后到下一个空格）
+	mut path_start := method_end + 1
+	// 跳过多余空格
+	for path_start < line_end && raw[path_start] == ` ` {
+		path_start++
+	}
+	
+	mut path_end := path_start
+	mut query_start := -1
+	for path_end < line_end && raw[path_end] != ` ` {
+		if raw[path_end] == `?` && query_start == -1 {
+			query_start = path_end + 1
+		}
+		path_end++
+	}
+	
+	if query_start > 0 {
+		path = raw[path_start..query_start - 1]
+		// 解析 query string（单次遍历）
+		query_map = parse_query_string_fast(raw, query_start, path_end)
 	} else {
-		path = full_path
+		path = raw[path_start..path_end]
 	}
-
-	if body_start := raw.index('\r\n\r\n') {
-		body = raw[body_start + 4..]
+	
+	// 4. 查找 body（\r\n\r\n 之后）
+	for i in line_end .. len - 3 {
+		if raw[i] == `\r` && raw[i + 1] == `\n` && raw[i + 2] == `\r` && raw[i + 3] == `\n` {
+			if i + 4 < len {
+				body = raw[i + 4..]
+			}
+			break
+		}
 	}
-
+	
 	return method, path, query_map, body
 }
 
-// 创建 uSockets 上下文
+// 快速解析 query string（单次遍历，避免 split）
+@[inline]
+fn parse_query_string_fast(raw string, start int, end int) map[string]string {
+	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
+	
+	mut key_start := start
+	mut key_end := -1
+	mut value_start := -1
+	
+	for i := start; i <= end; i++ {
+		ch := if i < end { raw[i] } else { `&` } // 末尾视为分隔符
+		
+		if ch == `=` && key_end == -1 {
+			key_end = i
+			value_start = i + 1
+		} else if ch == `&` {
+			// 完成一个键值对
+			if key_end > key_start && value_start > 0 {
+				key := raw[key_start..key_end]
+				value := if value_start < i { raw[value_start..i] } else { '' }
+				query_map[key] = value
+			} else if key_end == -1 && i > key_start {
+				// 只有 key 没有 value
+				key := raw[key_start..i]
+				query_map[key] = ''
+			}
+			// 重置状态
+			key_start = i + 1
+			key_end = -1
+			value_start = -1
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return query_map
+}
+
+// 创建 uSockets 上下文 - 优化版
 fn create_usockets_context(method string, path string, params map[string]string, query map[string]string, body string) Context {
 	return Context{
 		req: http.Request{
-			method: match method {
-				'GET' { http.Method.get }
-				'POST' { http.Method.post }
-				'PUT' { http.Method.put }
-				'DELETE' { http.Method.delete }
-				'PATCH' { http.Method.patch }
-				'HEAD' { http.Method.head }
-				'OPTIONS' { http.Method.options }
-				else { http.Method.get }
-			}
+			method: parse_http_method_usockets(method)
 			url: path
 			data: body
 		}
@@ -216,14 +295,49 @@ fn create_usockets_context(method string, path string, params map[string]string,
 	}
 }
 
-// 获取路径对应的所有中间件
-fn get_middlewares_for_path_usockets(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware {
+// 快速 HTTP 方法解析（基于首字符和长度）
+@[inline]
+fn parse_http_method_usockets(method string) http.Method {
+	len := method.len
+	if len == 0 {
+		return http.Method.get
+	}
+	
+	// 基于首字符快速分支
+	match method[0] {
+		`G` {
+			if len == 3 { return http.Method.get }
+		}
+		`P` {
+			if len == 4 && method[1] == `O` { return http.Method.post }
+			if len == 3 && method[1] == `U` { return http.Method.put }
+			if len == 5 { return http.Method.patch }
+		}
+		`D` {
+			if len == 6 { return http.Method.delete }
+		}
+		`H` {
+			if len == 4 { return http.Method.head }
+		}
+		`O` {
+			if len == 7 { return http.Method.options }
+		}
+		else {}
+	}
+	return http.Method.get
+}
+
+// 获取路径对应的所有中间件（优化版：使用预排序的前缀列表）
+fn get_middlewares_for_path_usockets_optimized(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware {
+	// 优化2：只有全局中间件时，直接返回引用（避免克隆）
+	if app.route_middlewares.len == 0 {
+		return app.context_middlewares
+	}
+	
 	mut middlewares := app.context_middlewares.clone()
 
-	mut prefixes := app.route_middlewares.keys()
-	prefixes.sort(a.len < b.len)
-
-	for prefix in prefixes {
+	// 优化3：使用预排序的前缀列表（启动时已排序，不需要每次请求都排序）
+	for prefix in app.sorted_middleware_prefixes {
 		if path.starts_with(prefix) || prefix == '/' {
 			if mws := app.route_middlewares[prefix] {
 				middlewares << mws
@@ -234,6 +348,11 @@ fn get_middlewares_for_path_usockets(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware
 	return middlewares
 }
 
+// 获取路径对应的所有中间件（保留旧版本兼容）
+fn get_middlewares_for_path_usockets(app &Hono, path string) []ContextMiddleware {
+	return get_middlewares_for_path_usockets_optimized(app, path)
+}
+
 // 执行中间件链
 fn exec_middlewares_usockets(idx int, middlewares []ContextMiddleware, mut ctx Context, handler IHandler) http.Response {
 	if idx < middlewares.len {
@@ -245,7 +364,7 @@ fn exec_middlewares_usockets(idx int, middlewares []ContextMiddleware, mut ctx C
 	return handler.handle(mut ctx)
 }
 
-// 发送 uSockets 响应
+// 发送 uSockets 响应 - 优化版
 fn send_usockets_response(s usockets.Socket, ctx Context, response http.Response) {
 	status_code := if ctx.status_code != 0 { ctx.status_code } else { response.status_code }
 	
@@ -261,20 +380,22 @@ fn send_usockets_response(s usockets.Socket, ctx Context, response http.Response
 	// 头部
 	mut has_content_type := false
 	for key, value in ctx.headers {
-		if key.to_lower() == 'content-length' {
+		// 使用快速大小写不敏感比较
+		key_len := key.len
+		if key_len == 14 && eq_ignore_case_usockets(key, 'content-length') {
 			continue
 		}
 		resp.write_string(key)
 		resp.write_string(': ')
 		resp.write_string(value)
 		resp.write_string('\r\n')
-		if key.to_lower() == 'content-type' {
+		if key_len == 12 && eq_ignore_case_usockets(key, 'content-type') {
 			has_content_type = true
 		}
 	}
 
-	if content_type := response.header.get(.content_type) {
-		if !has_content_type {
+	if !has_content_type {
+		if content_type := response.header.get(.content_type) {
 			resp.write_string('Content-Type: ')
 			resp.write_string(content_type)
 			resp.write_string('\r\n')
@@ -301,6 +422,25 @@ fn send_usockets_response(s usockets.Socket, ctx Context, response http.Response
 	s.write_bytes(resp.str())
 }
 
+// 大小写不敏感字符串比较（避免分配）
+@[inline]
+fn eq_ignore_case_usockets(a string, b string) bool {
+	if a.len != b.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i in 0 .. a.len {
+		ca := a[i]
+		cb := b[i]
+		// 转换为小写比较
+		la := if ca >= `A` && ca <= `Z` { ca + 32 } else { ca }
+		lb := if cb >= `A` && cb <= `Z` { cb + 32 } else { cb }
+		if la != lb {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 // 获取状态码文本
 fn get_status_text_usockets(code int) string {
 	return match code {

v.mod

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Module {
 	name: 'hono'
 	description: 'A high-performance V language web framework inspired by Hono.js, featuring hybrid routing, LRU cache, middleware support, and more.'
-	version: '0.3.6'
+	version: '0.3.9'
 	license: 'MIT'
 	dependencies: []
 }