chore: update v.mod version

- Add OpenAPI 3.0 specification builder with fluent API
- Add Swagger UI integration for interactive API documentation
- Add comprehensive OpenAPI data structures (schemas, parameters, responses, etc.)
- Add swagger_demo.v example with Pet Store API demonstration
- Use global variables for shared mutable state in demo handlers
- Add property-based tests for OpenAPI serialization and validation
- Update README with Swagger UI documentation

README.md

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ A high-performance V language web framework inspired by [Hono.js](https://hono.d
 - 🗄️ **Database** - SQLite integration for data persistence
 - 🔌 **WebSocket** - RFC 6455 compliant WebSocket support with event-based API
 - 📡 **SSE Streaming** - Server-Sent Events and streaming response support
+- 📖 **Swagger UI** - Interactive API documentation with OpenAPI 3.0/3.1 support
 
 ## Installation
 
@@ -50,8 +51,13 @@ cd v-hono
 ### Standard Build (picoev backend)
 
 ```bash
-v your_app.v -o app.exe
+# macOS / Linux
-./app.exe
+v -prod -o app your_app.v
+./app
+
+# Windows
+v -o app.exe your_app.v
+.\app.exe
 ```
 
 ### High-Performance Build (uSockets backend)
@@ -59,42 +65,21 @@ v your_app.v -o app.exe
 For maximum performance with uSockets backend:
 
 ```bash
-v -enable-globals -cc gcc -ldflags "-ldbghelp" your_app.v -o app.exe
+# macOS / Linux
-./app.exe
+v -enable-globals -prod -o app your_app.v
+./app
+
+# Windows (must use gcc, tcc does not support .a static library format)
+v -enable-globals -cc gcc -ldflags "-ldbghelp" -o app.exe your_app.v
+.\app.exe
 ```
 
-**Note**: The `-enable-globals` flag is required for uSockets backend. The `-ldflags "-ldbghelp"` fixes Windows linking issues.
+**Important Notes:**
+- The `-enable-globals` flag is required for uSockets backend
+- On Windows, you **must** use `-cc gcc` because V's default compiler (tcc) does not support MinGW `.a` static library format
+- The `-ldflags "-ldbghelp"` is required on Windows for libuv linking
 
-#### Windows Prerequisites
+The uSockets library and libuv are pre-compiled and included in the `usockets/lib/{platform}/` directory. See [usockets/README.md](usockets/README.md) for prerequisites, building from source, and detailed configuration options.
-
-To use uSockets backend on Windows, you need:
-
-1. **GCC (MinGW-w64)** - C compiler
-   ```powershell
-   # Install via Scoop
-   scoop install mingw
-   
-   # Or via Chocolatey
-   choco install mingw
-   
-   # Or download from: https://www.mingw-w64.org/downloads/
-   ```
-
-2. **V Compiler** - Version 0.4.x or later
-   ```powershell
-   # Install via Scoop
-   scoop install vlang
-   
-   # Or download from: https://vlang.io/
-   ```
-
-3. **Verify Installation**
-   ```powershell
-   gcc --version   # Should show MinGW-w64 GCC
-   v version       # Should show V 0.4.x
-   ```
-
-The uSockets library and libuv are pre-compiled and included in the `usockets/lib/` directory.
 
 ### Using uSockets Backend
 
@@ -1030,6 +1015,201 @@ eventSource.onerror = (e) => {
 </script>
 ```
 
+### 10. Swagger UI
+
+Interactive API documentation with OpenAPI 3.0/3.1 specification support.
+
+#### Basic Usage
+
+```v
+import meiseayoung.hono
+
+fn main() {
+    mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+
+    // Build OpenAPI specification using the fluent builder API
+    spec := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+        .openapi('3.0.0')
+        .title('My API')
+        .version('1.0.0')
+        .description('API documentation')
+        .server('http://localhost:3000', 'Development server')
+        .path('/users')
+            .get(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+                summary: 'List all users'
+                tags: ['users']
+                responses: {
+                    '200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+                        description: 'A list of users'
+                    }
+                }
+            })
+            .done()
+        .build() or {
+            eprintln('Failed to build spec: ${err}')
+            return
+        }
+
+    // Register OpenAPI JSON endpoint
+    app.doc('/doc', spec)
+
+    // Serve Swagger UI
+    app.get('/ui', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+        url: '/doc'
+        title: 'My API Documentation'
+    }))
+
+    app.listen(':3000')
+}
+```
+
+#### OpenAPI Builder API
+
+```v
+import meiseayoung.hono
+
+// Build a complete OpenAPI specification
+spec := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+    .openapi('3.0.0')                              // OpenAPI version
+    .title('Pet Store API')                        // API title
+    .version('1.0.0')                              // API version
+    .description('A sample API')                   // Description
+    .server('https://api.example.com', 'Production')  // Server URL
+    .tag('pets', 'Pet operations')                 // Tag definition
+    // Define path with multiple operations
+    .path('/pets')
+        .get(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+            summary: 'List pets'
+            operation_id: 'listPets'
+            tags: ['pets']
+            parameters: [
+                hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+                    name: 'limit'
+                    in_location: 'query'
+                    schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+                        schema_type: 'integer'
+                    }
+                },
+            ]
+            responses: {
+                '200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+                    description: 'Success'
+                    content: {
+                        'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+                            schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+                                schema_type: 'array'
+                                items: &hono.OpenAPISchema{
+                                    ref: '#/components/schemas/Pet'
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .post(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+            summary: 'Create pet'
+            request_body: hono.OpenAPIRequestBody{
+                required: true
+                content: {
+                    'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+                        schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+                            ref: '#/components/schemas/NewPet'
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            responses: {
+                '201': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+                    description: 'Created'
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .done()
+    // Add reusable schemas
+    .add_schema('Pet', hono.OpenAPISchema{
+        schema_type: 'object'
+        required: ['id', 'name']
+        properties: {
+            'id': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+                schema_type: 'integer'
+            }
+            'name': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+                schema_type: 'string'
+            }
+        }
+    })
+    .build()!
+```
+
+#### Swagger UI Options
+
+```v
+import meiseayoung.hono
+
+// Customize Swagger UI appearance and behavior
+app.get('/docs', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+    url: '/doc'                        // OpenAPI JSON URL
+    title: 'API Documentation'         // Page title
+    deep_linking: true                 // Enable deep linking
+    display_request_duration: true     // Show request duration
+    default_models_expand_depth: 2     // Model expansion depth
+    doc_expansion: 'list'              // 'list', 'full', or 'none'
+    filter: true                       // Enable filtering
+    show_extensions: true              // Show extensions
+    show_common_extensions: true       // Show common extensions
+    try_it_out_enabled: true           // Enable Try it out
+    custom_css: '.topbar { background: #2c3e50; }'  // Custom CSS
+}))
+```
+
+#### SwaggerUIOptions Reference
+
+| Option | Type | Default | Description |
+|--------|------|---------|-------------|
+| `url` | `string` | `'/doc'` | OpenAPI document URL |
+| `title` | `string` | `'API Documentation'` | Page title |
+| `deep_linking` | `bool` | `true` | Enable deep linking to operations |
+| `display_request_duration` | `bool` | `true` | Show request duration |
+| `default_models_expand_depth` | `int` | `1` | Model expansion depth |
+| `doc_expansion` | `string` | `'list'` | Document expansion: 'list', 'full', 'none' |
+| `filter` | `bool` | `false` | Enable operation filtering |
+| `show_extensions` | `bool` | `false` | Show vendor extensions |
+| `show_common_extensions` | `bool` | `true` | Show common extensions |
+| `try_it_out_enabled` | `bool` | `true` | Enable Try it out feature |
+| `custom_css` | `string` | `''` | Custom CSS styles |
+| `custom_js` | `string` | `''` | Custom JavaScript |
+| `custom_css_url` | `string` | `''` | Custom CSS URL |
+| `custom_js_url` | `string` | `''` | Custom JavaScript URL |
+
+#### OpenAPI Builder Methods
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `openapi(version)` | Set OpenAPI version (3.0.0, 3.1.0) |
+| `title(title)` | Set API title |
+| `version(version)` | Set API version |
+| `description(desc)` | Set API description |
+| `server(url, desc)` | Add server |
+| `tag(name, desc)` | Add tag |
+| `path(path)` | Start path builder |
+| `add_schema(name, schema)` | Add reusable schema |
+| `add_security_scheme(name, scheme)` | Add security scheme |
+| `build()` | Build and validate document |
+
+#### Path Builder Methods
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `get(op)` | Add GET operation |
+| `post(op)` | Add POST operation |
+| `put(op)` | Add PUT operation |
+| `delete(op)` | Add DELETE operation |
+| `patch(op)` | Add PATCH operation |
+| `head(op)` | Add HEAD operation |
+| `options(op)` | Add OPTIONS operation |
+| `done()` | Return to parent builder |
+
 ## Route Grouping
 
 ```v
@@ -1136,6 +1316,8 @@ v-hono/
 ├── validator.v        # Request validation
 ├── websocket.v        # WebSocket helper (RFC 6455)
 ├── streaming.v        # SSE streaming helper
+├── swagger.v          # Swagger UI middleware
+├── openapi.v          # OpenAPI 3.0/3.1 data structures and builder
 ├── picoev_server.v    # Picoev backend with WebSocket/SSE support
 ├── usockets_server.v  # uSockets backend with WebSocket/SSE support
 ├── v.mod              # Module definition
@@ -1154,6 +1336,7 @@ See the `examples/` directory for more examples:
 - `examples/middleware_demo.v` - Built-in middleware demonstration
 - `examples/route_grouping/` - Route grouping
 - `examples/redirect_demo.v` - Redirect functionality examples
+- `examples/swagger_demo.v` - Swagger UI and OpenAPI documentation
 
 ## License
 

app.v

@@ -578,6 +578,58 @@ pub fn Hono.new() Hono {
 	}
 }
 
+// ============================================================================
+// OpenAPI 文档便捷方法 (Task 9.1)
+// ============================================================================
+
+// doc - 注册 OpenAPI 文档路由
+// 在指定路径注册一个 GET 路由，返回 OpenAPI 文档的 JSON 格式
+// 设置 Content-Type: application/json
+// 使用示例:
+//   spec := OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+//       .openapi('3.0.0')
+//       .title('My API')
+//       .version('1.0.0')
+//       .build()!
+//   app.doc('/doc', spec)
+pub fn (mut app Hono) doc(path string, spec OpenAPIDocument) {
+	// 预序列化 OpenAPI 文档为 JSON 字符串
+	json_content := spec.to_json_str()
+	
+	// 注册 GET 路由返回 JSON
+	app.get(path, fn [json_content] (mut c Context) http.Response {
+		return http.Response{
+			status_code: 200
+			header:      http.new_header(key: .content_type, value: 'application/json; charset=utf-8')
+			body:        json_content
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// doc_fn - 使用构建器函数注册 OpenAPI 文档路由
+// 允许延迟构建 OpenAPI 文档，每次请求时调用构建器函数
+// 使用示例:
+//   app.doc_fn('/doc', fn () OpenAPIDocument {
+//       return OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+//           .openapi('3.0.0')
+//           .title('My API')
+//           .version('1.0.0')
+//           .build() or { panic(err) }
+//   })
+pub fn (mut app Hono) doc_fn(path string, builder fn () OpenAPIDocument) {
+	app.get(path, fn [builder] (mut c Context) http.Response {
+		// 每次请求时调用构建器函数
+		spec := builder()
+		json_content := spec.to_json_str()
+		
+		return http.Response{
+			status_code: 200
+			header:      http.new_header(key: .content_type, value: 'application/json; charset=utf-8')
+			body:        json_content
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 // 快速解析 query string（单次遍历，避免 split）- app.v 版本
 @[inline]
 fn parse_query_string_app(query_str string) map[string]string {

benchmark/usockets_verify.go

@@ -448,21 +448,49 @@ func checkKeepAlive(client *http.Client) bool {
 
 func checkThroughput(client *http.Client) float64 {
 	start := time.Now()
-	success := 0
+	concurrency := 1000
-	requests := 200
+	totalRequests := 1000000
+	requestsPerWorker := totalRequests / concurrency
 
-	for i := 0; i < requests; i++ {
+	// 创建共享的 Transport，启用连接池复用
-		resp, err := client.Get(baseURL + "/health")
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		MaxIdleConns:        concurrency,
+		MaxIdleConnsPerHost: concurrency,
+		IdleConnTimeout:     30 * time.Second,
+		DisableKeepAlives:   false,
+	}
+
+	results := make(chan int, concurrency)
+
+	for i := 0; i < concurrency; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			localSuccess := 0
+			// 每个 goroutine 使用独立 Client，但共享 Transport（连接池）
+			localClient := &http.Client{
+				Timeout:   10 * time.Second,
+				Transport: transport,
+			}
+			for j := 0; j < requestsPerWorker; j++ {
+				resp, err := localClient.Get(baseURL + "/health")
 				if err != nil {
 					continue
 				}
 				io.Copy(io.Discard, resp.Body)
 				resp.Body.Close()
 				if resp.StatusCode == 200 {
-			success++
+					localSuccess++
 				}
 			}
+			results <- localSuccess
+		}()
+	}
+
+	success := 0
+	for i := 0; i < concurrency; i++ {
+		success += <-results
+	}
 
 	elapsed := time.Since(start).Seconds()
+	fmt.Printf("\n    [并发: %d, 总请求: %d, 成功: %d, 耗时: %.2fs]\n    ", concurrency, totalRequests, success, elapsed)
 	return float64(success) / elapsed
 }

examples/swagger_demo.v

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+// Swagger UI Demo for v-hono
+// This example demonstrates how to add interactive API documentation to your v-hono application
+// Run with: v -enable-globals run examples/swagger_demo.v (from project root)
+// Or: cd examples && v -enable-globals run swagger_demo.v
+// Then visit: http://127.0.0.1:3000/ui for Swagger UI
+//             http://127.0.0.1:3000/doc for OpenAPI JSON
+module main
+
+import net.http
+import x.json2
+import meiseayoung.hono
+
+// Pet 结构体 - 用于演示 API 数据
+struct Pet {
+	id   int
+	name string
+	tag  string
+}
+
+fn (p Pet) as_map() map[string]string {
+	return {
+		"name": p.name,
+		"tag": p.tag
+	}
+}
+// ErrorResponse - 错误响应结构体
+struct ErrorResponse {
+	error string
+}
+
+// 使用全局变量实现共享状态
+// 注意：需要使用 -enable-globals 编译选项
+__global (
+	g_pets = []Pet{}
+	g_next_id = 4
+)
+
+fn main() {
+	mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+
+	// =========================================================================
+	// 1. Basic Usage - Using OpenAPI Builder API
+	// =========================================================================
+	
+	// Build OpenAPI specification using the fluent builder API
+	// Note: In V, we need to create a mutable builder first, then chain methods
+	mut builder := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+	builder.openapi('3.0.0')
+	builder.title('Pet Store API')
+	builder.version('1.0.0')
+	builder.description('A sample Pet Store API demonstrating Swagger UI integration with v-hono')
+	builder.server('http://127.0.0.1:3000', 'Development server')
+	builder.tag('pets', 'Pet management operations')
+	builder.tag('users', 'User management operations')
+	
+	// Define GET /pets endpoint
+	mut pets_path := builder.path('/pets')
+	pets_path.get(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'List all pets'
+		description: 'Returns a list of all pets in the store'
+		operation_id: 'listPets'
+		tags: ['pets']
+		parameters: [
+			hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+				name: 'limit'
+				in_location: 'query'
+				description: 'Maximum number of pets to return'
+				required: false
+				schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+					schema_type: 'integer'
+					format: 'int32'
+				}
+			},
+		]
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'A list of pets'
+				content: {
+					'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+						schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+							schema_type: 'array'
+							items: &hono.OpenAPISchema{
+								ref: '#/components/schemas/Pet'
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	pets_path.post(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'Create a pet'
+		description: 'Creates a new pet in the store'
+		operation_id: 'createPet'
+		tags: ['pets']
+		request_body: hono.OpenAPIRequestBody{
+			description: 'Pet to add to the store'
+			required: true
+			content: {
+				'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+					schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+						ref: '#/components/schemas/NewPet'
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		responses: {
+			'201': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Pet created successfully'
+				content: {
+					'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+						schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+							ref: '#/components/schemas/Pet'
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	pets_path.done()
+	
+	// Define GET/DELETE /pets/{id} endpoint
+	mut pet_by_id_path := builder.path('/pets/{id}')
+	pet_by_id_path.get(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'Get a pet by ID'
+		description: 'Returns a single pet by its ID'
+		operation_id: 'getPetById'
+		tags: ['pets']
+		parameters: [
+			hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+				name: 'id'
+				in_location: 'path'
+				description: 'ID of the pet to retrieve'
+				required: true
+				schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+					schema_type: 'integer'
+					format: 'int64'
+				}
+			},
+		]
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Pet found'
+				content: {
+					'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+						schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+							ref: '#/components/schemas/Pet'
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			'404': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Pet not found'
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	pet_by_id_path.delete(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'Delete a pet'
+		description: 'Deletes a pet by its ID'
+		operation_id: 'deletePet'
+		tags: ['pets']
+		parameters: [
+			hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+				name: 'id'
+				in_location: 'path'
+				description: 'ID of the pet to delete'
+				required: true
+				schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+					schema_type: 'integer'
+					format: 'int64'
+				}
+			},
+		]
+		responses: {
+			'204': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Pet deleted successfully'
+			}
+			'404': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Pet not found'
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	pet_by_id_path.done()
+	
+	// Add reusable schemas to components
+	builder.add_schema('Pet', hono.OpenAPISchema{
+		schema_type: 'object'
+		required: ['id', 'name']
+		properties: {
+			'id': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'integer'
+				format: 'int64'
+				description: 'Unique identifier for the pet'
+			}
+			'name': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'string'
+				description: 'Name of the pet'
+			}
+			'tag': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'string'
+				description: 'Tag for categorizing the pet'
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	builder.add_schema('NewPet', hono.OpenAPISchema{
+		schema_type: 'object'
+		required: ['name']
+		properties: {
+			'name': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'string'
+				description: 'Name of the pet'
+			}
+			'tag': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'string'
+				description: 'Tag for categorizing the pet'
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	
+	spec := builder.build() or {
+		eprintln('Failed to build OpenAPI spec: ${err}')
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Register the OpenAPI JSON endpoint
+	app.doc('/doc', spec)
+
+	// =========================================================================
+	// 2. Swagger UI with Default Options
+	// =========================================================================
+	
+	// Serve Swagger UI at /ui with default options
+	app.get('/ui', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url: '/doc'
+		title: 'Pet Store API Documentation'
+	}))
+
+	// =========================================================================
+	// 3. Swagger UI with Custom Options
+	// =========================================================================
+	
+	// Serve Swagger UI at /docs with custom options
+	app.get('/docs', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url: '/doc'
+		title: 'Pet Store API - Custom Theme'
+		deep_linking: true
+		display_request_duration: true
+		default_models_expand_depth: 2
+		doc_expansion: 'full'  // 'list', 'full', or 'none'
+		filter: true
+		show_extensions: true
+		show_common_extensions: true
+		try_it_out_enabled: true
+		// Custom CSS to change the header color
+		custom_css: '.swagger-ui .topbar { background-color: #2c3e50; }'
+	}))
+
+	// =========================================================================
+	// 4. Actual API Endpoints (for testing with Swagger UI)
+	// =========================================================================
+	
+	// 初始化全局宠物数据
+	// 使用全局变量可以在多个 handler 之间共享和修改数据
+	g_pets = [
+		Pet{id: 1, name: 'Fluffy', tag: 'cat'},
+		Pet{id: 2, name: 'Buddy', tag: 'dog'},
+		Pet{id: 3, name: 'Goldie', tag: 'fish'},
+	]
+
+	// GET /pets - List all pets
+	app.get('/pets', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		return c.json(json2.encode(g_pets))
+	})
+
+	// POST /pets - Create a new pet
+	app.post('/pets', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		println(c.body)
+		pet_dic := json2.decode[Pet](c.body) or {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		pet := Pet{id: g_next_id, name: pet_dic.name, tag: pet_dic.tag}
+		g_pets << pet
+		g_next_id++
+		c.status(201)
+		return c.json(json2.encode(pet))
+	})
+
+	// GET /pets/:id - Get a pet by ID
+	app.get('/pets/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		pet_id := c.params['id'] or { '' }
+		for pet in g_pets {
+			if pet.id == pet_id.int() {
+				return c.json(json2.encode(pet))
+			}
+		}
+		c.status(404)
+		return c.json(json2.encode(ErrorResponse{error: 'Pet not found'}))
+	})
+
+	// DELETE /pets/:id - Delete a pet
+	app.delete('/pets/:id', fn (mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+		pet_id := c.params['id'] or { '' }
+		for i, pet in g_pets {
+			if pet.id == pet_id.int() {
+				g_pets.delete(i)
+				return http.Response{
+					status_code: 204
+					header: http.new_header(key: .content_type, value: 'application/json')
+					body: ''
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		c.status(404)
+		return c.json(json2.encode(ErrorResponse{error: 'Pet not found'}))
+	})
+
+	// =========================================================================
+	// Start Server
+	// =========================================================================
+	
+	println('=== Swagger UI Demo ===')
+	println('Server starting on http://127.0.0.1:3000')
+	println('')
+	println('Available endpoints:')
+	println('  - Swagger UI (default):  http://127.0.0.1:3000/ui')
+	println('  - Swagger UI (custom):   http://127.0.0.1:3000/docs')
+	println('  - OpenAPI JSON:          http://127.0.0.1:3000/doc')
+	println('')
+	println('API endpoints:')
+	println('  - GET    /pets      - List all pets')
+	println('  - POST   /pets      - Create a new pet')
+	println('  - GET    /pets/:id  - Get a pet by ID')
+	println('  - DELETE /pets/:id  - Delete a pet')
+	println('')
+	
+	app.listen_usockets(3000)
+}

middleware.v

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import rand
 // 中间件导出说明
 // ============================================================================
 //
-// 本框架提供以下 8 个内置中间件：
+// 本框架提供以下 9 个内置中间件：
 //
 // 1. CORS 中间件 (cors.v)
 //    - cors(options ...CorsOptions) ContextMiddleware
@@ -82,6 +82,57 @@ import rand
 //    - encode_ws_frame(opcode u8, payload []u8, masked bool) []u8: 编码 WebSocket 帧
 //    - decode_ws_frame(data []u8) !WSFrame: 解码 WebSocket 帧
 //
+// 9. Swagger UI 中间件 (swagger.v)
+//    - swagger_ui(options ...SwaggerUIOptions) fn (mut Context) http.Response
+//    - swagger_ui_handler(options ...SwaggerUIOptions) fn (mut Context) http.Response
+//    - 用于提供交互式 API 文档界面
+//
+//    Types:
+//    - SwaggerUIOptions: 配置选项
+//      - url: OpenAPI 文档 URL (默认: '/doc')
+//      - title: 页面标题 (默认: 'API Documentation')
+//      - deep_linking: 启用深度链接 (默认: true)
+//      - display_request_duration: 显示请求耗时 (默认: true)
+//      - default_models_expand_depth: 模型展开深度 (默认: 1)
+//      - doc_expansion: 文档展开方式 ('list', 'full', 'none')
+//      - filter: 启用过滤
+//      - show_extensions: 显示扩展
+//      - show_common_extensions: 显示常用扩展 (默认: true)
+//      - try_it_out_enabled: 启用 Try it out (默认: true)
+//      - custom_css: 自定义 CSS
+//      - custom_js: 自定义 JavaScript
+//      - custom_css_url: 自定义 CSS URL
+//      - custom_js_url: 自定义 JavaScript URL
+//
+//    OpenAPI 文档相关 (openapi.v):
+//    - OpenAPIDocument: OpenAPI 文档主结构
+//    - OpenAPIBuilder: 流式 API 构建器
+//    - app.doc(path, spec): 注册 OpenAPI 文档路由
+//    - app.doc_fn(path, builder): 使用构建器函数注册文档路由
+//    - app.get_routes(): 获取应用的所有路由信息
+//
+//    使用示例:
+//      // 1. 创建 OpenAPI 文档
+//      spec := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+//          .openapi('3.0.0')
+//          .title('My API')
+//          .version('1.0.0')
+//          .description('API description')
+//          .server('https://api.example.com', 'Production')
+//          .path('/users')
+//              .get(hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+//                  summary: 'Get all users'
+//                  responses: { '200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{ description: 'Success' } }
+//              })
+//              .done()
+//          .build()!
+//
+//      // 2. 注册 OpenAPI 文档路由
+//      app.doc('/doc', spec)
+//
+//      // 3. 注册 Swagger UI 路由
+//      app.get('/ui', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{ url: '/doc' }))
+//
 // ============================================================================
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -294,6 +345,63 @@ pub fn timing() ContextMiddleware {
 }
 
 
+// ============================================================================
+// Swagger UI 中间件导出
+// ============================================================================
+//
+// Swagger UI 中间件提供交互式 API 文档界面，支持 OpenAPI 3.0/3.1 规范。
+// 主要功能通过 swagger.v 和 openapi.v 文件导出，包括：
+//
+// 核心函数:
+//   - swagger_ui(options...) - 创建 Swagger UI 处理器
+//   - swagger_ui_handler(options...) - swagger_ui 的别名
+//   - app.doc(path, spec) - 注册 OpenAPI 文档路由
+//   - app.doc_fn(path, builder) - 使用构建器函数注册文档路由
+//
+// 类型定义:
+//   - SwaggerUIOptions - Swagger UI 配置选项
+//   - OpenAPIDocument - OpenAPI 文档主结构
+//   - OpenAPIBuilder - 流式 API 构建器
+//   - OpenAPIInfo, OpenAPIServer, OpenAPIPathItem, OpenAPIOperation 等
+//
+// 使用示例:
+//   // 创建 OpenAPI 文档
+//   spec := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+//       .openapi('3.0.0')
+//       .title('My API')
+//       .version('1.0.0')
+//       .build()!
+//
+//   // 注册文档和 UI 路由
+//   app.doc('/doc', spec)
+//   app.get('/ui', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{ url: '/doc' }))
+//
+// 带自定义选项:
+//   app.get('/swagger', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+//       url: '/api/doc'
+//       title: 'My API Documentation'
+//       deep_linking: true
+//       display_request_duration: true
+//       doc_expansion: 'list'
+//       try_it_out_enabled: true
+//   }))
+// ============================================================================
+
+// swagger - Swagger UI 处理器的简短别名
+// 使用示例:
+//   app.get('/docs', hono.swagger(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{ url: '/doc' }))
+pub fn swagger(options ...SwaggerUIOptions) fn (mut Context) http.Response {
+	return swagger_ui(...options)
+}
+
+// openapi_ui - Swagger UI 处理器的另一个别名
+// 使用示例:
+//   app.get('/api-docs', hono.openapi_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{ url: '/openapi.json' }))
+pub fn openapi_ui(options ...SwaggerUIOptions) fn (mut Context) http.Response {
+	return swagger_ui(...options)
+}
+
+
 // ============================================================================
 // WebSocket Helper 导出
 // ============================================================================

swagger.v

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// swagger.v - Swagger UI 中间件
+// 本模块提供 Swagger UI 文档界面功能，类似于 Hono.js 的 @hono/swagger-ui 中间件
+// 支持 OpenAPI 3.0/3.1 规范
+module hono
+
+import net.http
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Swagger UI 配置选项 (Task 7.1)
+// ============================================================================
+
+// SwaggerUIOptions - Swagger UI 配置选项
+// 使用示例:
+//   app.get('/ui', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{ url: '/doc' }))
+pub struct SwaggerUIOptions {
+pub mut:
+	url                         string = '/doc'  // OpenAPI 文档 URL
+	title                       string = 'API Documentation'  // 页面标题
+	deep_linking                bool   = true   // 启用深度链接
+	display_request_duration    bool   = true   // 显示请求耗时
+	default_models_expand_depth int    = 1      // 模型展开深度
+	doc_expansion               string = 'list' // 文档展开方式: 'list', 'full', 'none'
+	filter                      bool            // 启用过滤
+	show_extensions             bool            // 显示扩展
+	show_common_extensions      bool   = true   // 显示常用扩展
+	try_it_out_enabled          bool   = true   // 启用 Try it out
+	custom_css                  string          // 自定义 CSS
+	custom_js                   string          // 自定义 JavaScript
+	custom_css_url              string          // 自定义 CSS URL
+	custom_js_url               string          // 自定义 JavaScript URL
+}
+
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Swagger UI HTML 生成 (Task 7.2)
+// ============================================================================
+
+// generate_swagger_html - 生成 Swagger UI HTML 页面
+// 使用 CDN 链接加载 Swagger UI 资源
+// 应用配置选项到 SwaggerUIBundle 配置
+fn generate_swagger_html(options SwaggerUIOptions) string {
+	// 构建自定义 CSS URL 标签
+	custom_css_url_tag := if options.custom_css_url.len > 0 {
+		'<link rel="stylesheet" href="${options.custom_css_url}">'
+	} else {
+		''
+	}
+
+	// 构建自定义 JS URL 标签
+	custom_js_url_tag := if options.custom_js_url.len > 0 {
+		'<script src="${options.custom_js_url}"></script>'
+	} else {
+		''
+	}
+
+	// 构建自定义 CSS 内联样式
+	custom_css_inline := if options.custom_css.len > 0 {
+		options.custom_css
+	} else {
+		''
+	}
+
+	// 构建自定义 JS 内联脚本
+	custom_js_inline := if options.custom_js.len > 0 {
+		options.custom_js
+	} else {
+		''
+	}
+
+	// 转换布尔值为 JavaScript 字符串
+	deep_linking_str := if options.deep_linking { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	display_request_duration_str := if options.display_request_duration { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	filter_str := if options.filter { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	show_extensions_str := if options.show_extensions { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	show_common_extensions_str := if options.show_common_extensions { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	try_it_out_enabled_str := if options.try_it_out_enabled { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+
+	return '<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>${options.title}</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui.css">
+    ${custom_css_url_tag}
+    <style>
+        html { box-sizing: border-box; overflow-y: scroll; }
+        *, *:before, *:after { box-sizing: inherit; }
+        body { margin: 0; background: #fafafa; }
+        ${custom_css_inline}
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div id="swagger-ui"></div>
+    <script src="https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-bundle.js"></script>
+    <script src="https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js"></script>
+    ${custom_js_url_tag}
+    <script>
+        window.onload = function() {
+            const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({
+                url: "${options.url}",
+                dom_id: \'#swagger-ui\',
+                deepLinking: ${deep_linking_str},
+                displayRequestDuration: ${display_request_duration_str},
+                defaultModelsExpandDepth: ${options.default_models_expand_depth},
+                docExpansion: "${options.doc_expansion}",
+                filter: ${filter_str},
+                showExtensions: ${show_extensions_str},
+                showCommonExtensions: ${show_common_extensions_str},
+                tryItOutEnabled: ${try_it_out_enabled_str},
+                presets: [
+                    SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
+                    SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
+                ],
+                plugins: [
+                    SwaggerUIBundle.plugins.DownloadUrl
+                ],
+                layout: "StandaloneLayout"
+            });
+            window.ui = ui;
+        };
+        ${custom_js_inline}
+    </script>
+</body>
+</html>'
+}
+
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Swagger UI 中间件函数 (Task 7.3)
+// ============================================================================
+
+// swagger_ui - 创建 Swagger UI 处理器
+// 返回处理器函数，设置正确的 Content-Type，返回生成的 HTML
+// 使用示例:
+//   app.get('/ui', hono.swagger_ui(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{ url: '/doc' }))
+//   app.get('/docs', hono.swagger_ui())  // 使用默认选项
+pub fn swagger_ui(options ...SwaggerUIOptions) fn (mut Context) http.Response {
+	// 获取选项，如果没有提供则使用默认值
+	opts := if options.len > 0 {
+		options[0]
+	} else {
+		SwaggerUIOptions{}
+	}
+
+	// 预生成 HTML 内容
+	html_content := generate_swagger_html(opts)
+
+	return fn [html_content] (mut c Context) http.Response {
+		return http.Response{
+			status_code: 200
+			header:      http.new_header(key: .content_type, value: 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+			body:        html_content
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// swagger_ui_handler - swagger_ui 的别名函数
+// 使用示例:
+//   app.get('/swagger', hono.swagger_ui_handler(hono.SwaggerUIOptions{ url: '/api/doc' }))
+pub fn swagger_ui_handler(options ...SwaggerUIOptions) fn (mut Context) http.Response {
+	return swagger_ui(...options)
+}

tests/test_openapi_builder_multi_ops_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+// test_openapi_builder_multi_ops_property.v - Property-Based Test for Builder Multiple Operations
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 7: OpenAPI Builder Supports Multiple Operations Per Path**
+// **Validates: Requirements 6.2, 6.3, 6.4**
+//
+// Property: For any path, adding multiple different HTTP method operations using the builder
+// SHALL result in all operations being present in the final document.
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests     int
+	passed_tests    int
+	failed_tests    int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 3 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 3} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Random path generator
+fn random_path() string {
+	segments := rand.int_in_range(1, 4) or { 1 }
+	mut path := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. segments {
+		path += '/' + random_string(3, 10)
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+// All supported HTTP methods
+const http_methods = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'patch', 'head', 'options']
+
+// Generate a random operation with a unique identifier
+fn generate_operation(method string, id string) hono.OpenAPIOperation {
+	return hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'Test ${method} operation - ${id}'
+		description: 'Description for ${method} - ${id}'
+		operation_id: '${method}_${id}'
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Success response for ${method}'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Check if an operation is set (has responses)
+fn is_operation_set(op hono.OpenAPIOperation) bool {
+	return op.responses.len > 0
+}
+
+// Get operation from path item by method name
+fn get_operation_by_method(path_item hono.OpenAPIPathItem, method string) hono.OpenAPIOperation {
+	return match method {
+		'get' { path_item.get }
+		'post' { path_item.post }
+		'put' { path_item.put }
+		'delete' { path_item.delete }
+		'patch' { path_item.patch }
+		'head' { path_item.head }
+		'options' { path_item.options }
+		else { hono.OpenAPIOperation{} }
+	}
+}
+
+
+// Randomly select a subset of HTTP methods
+fn random_method_subset() []string {
+	// Select between 2 and 7 methods
+	num_methods := rand.int_in_range(2, http_methods.len + 1) or { 2 }
+	
+	mut selected := []string{}
+	mut available := http_methods.clone()
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. num_methods {
+		if available.len == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, available.len) or { 0 }
+		selected << available[idx]
+		available.delete(idx)
+	}
+	
+	return selected
+}
+
+// Test that multiple operations can be added to the same path
+fn test_multiple_operations_on_path() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+
+	println('Running Property 7: OpenAPI Builder Supports Multiple Operations Per Path')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		path := random_path()
+		methods := random_method_subset()
+		unique_id := random_string(5, 10)
+
+		// Create operations for selected methods
+		mut operations := map[string]hono.OpenAPIOperation{}
+		for method in methods {
+			operations[method] = generate_operation(method, unique_id)
+		}
+
+		// Build document using the builder
+		mut builder := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+		builder.openapi('3.0.0')
+		builder.title('Test API')
+		builder.version('1.0.0')
+
+		mut path_builder := builder.path(path)
+
+		// Add operations for each selected method
+		for method in methods {
+			op := operations[method] or { continue }
+			match method {
+				'get' { path_builder.get(op) }
+				'post' { path_builder.post(op) }
+				'put' { path_builder.put(op) }
+				'delete' { path_builder.delete(op) }
+				'patch' { path_builder.patch(op) }
+				'head' { path_builder.head(op) }
+				'options' { path_builder.options(op) }
+				else {}
+			}
+		}
+
+		path_builder.done()
+
+		// Build the document
+		doc := builder.build() or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Build failed - ${err}')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Verify the path exists
+		if path !in doc.paths {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Path ${path} not found in document')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		path_item := doc.paths[path] or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Could not get path item')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Verify all selected methods are present
+		mut all_preserved := true
+		mut missing_methods := []string{}
+
+		for method in methods {
+			stored_op := get_operation_by_method(path_item, method)
+			expected_op := operations[method] or { continue }
+
+			if !is_operation_set(stored_op) {
+				all_preserved = false
+				missing_methods << method
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if stored_op.summary != expected_op.summary {
+				all_preserved = false
+				missing_methods << '${method}(summary mismatch)'
+			}
+		}
+
+		if all_preserved {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Methods not preserved: ${missing_methods.join(", ")}. Selected: ${methods.join(", ")}')
+		}
+
+		// Progress indicator
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test that operations on different paths don't interfere
+fn test_multiple_paths_with_operations() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+
+	println('\nRunning additional test: Multiple paths with different operations')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate 2-3 different paths with fixed operations
+		path1 := random_path()
+		path2 := random_path()
+		unique_id := random_string(5, 10)
+
+		// Create operations for each path
+		get_op1 := generate_operation('get', '${path1}_${unique_id}')
+		post_op1 := generate_operation('post', '${path1}_${unique_id}')
+		get_op2 := generate_operation('get', '${path2}_${unique_id}')
+		put_op2 := generate_operation('put', '${path2}_${unique_id}')
+
+		// Build document
+		mut builder := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+		builder.openapi('3.0.0')
+		builder.title('Test API')
+		builder.version('1.0.0')
+
+		// Add path1 with GET and POST
+		mut path_builder1 := builder.path(path1)
+		path_builder1.get(get_op1)
+		path_builder1.post(post_op1)
+		path_builder1.done()
+
+		// Add path2 with GET and PUT
+		mut path_builder2 := builder.path(path2)
+		path_builder2.get(get_op2)
+		path_builder2.put(put_op2)
+		path_builder2.done()
+
+		doc := builder.build() or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Build failed - ${err}')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Verify all paths and their operations
+		mut all_correct := true
+		mut errors := []string{}
+
+		// Check path1
+		if path1 !in doc.paths {
+			all_correct = false
+			errors << 'Path ${path1} not found'
+		} else {
+			path_item1 := doc.paths[path1] or {
+				all_correct = false
+				errors << 'Could not get path item for ${path1}'
+				hono.OpenAPIPathItem{}
+			}
+			if !is_operation_set(path_item1.get) || path_item1.get.summary != get_op1.summary {
+				all_correct = false
+				errors << '${path1}:get'
+			}
+			if !is_operation_set(path_item1.post) || path_item1.post.summary != post_op1.summary {
+				all_correct = false
+				errors << '${path1}:post'
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Check path2
+		if path2 !in doc.paths {
+			all_correct = false
+			errors << 'Path ${path2} not found'
+		} else {
+			path_item2 := doc.paths[path2] or {
+				all_correct = false
+				errors << 'Could not get path item for ${path2}'
+				hono.OpenAPIPathItem{}
+			}
+			if !is_operation_set(path_item2.get) || path_item2.get.summary != get_op2.summary {
+				all_correct = false
+				errors << '${path2}:get'
+			}
+			if !is_operation_set(path_item2.put) || path_item2.put.summary != put_op2.summary {
+				all_correct = false
+				errors << '${path2}:put'
+			}
+		}
+
+		if all_correct {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Errors: ${errors.join(", ")}')
+		}
+
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: OpenAPI Builder Multiple Operations Per Path')
+	println('=====================================================================')
+	println('')
+
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+
+	// Run main property test
+	stats1 := test_multiple_operations_on_path()
+	stats1.print_summary()
+
+	// Run additional test
+	stats2 := test_multiple_paths_with_operations()
+	stats2.print_summary()
+
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if stats1.failed_tests > 0 || stats2.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

tests/test_openapi_http_methods_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+// test_openapi_http_methods_property.v - Property-Based Test for HTTP Methods Support
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 4: HTTP Methods Support in Path Items**
+// **Validates: Requirements 2.3**
+//
+// Property: For any HTTP method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, HEAD, OPTIONS),
+// adding an operation with that method to a path item SHALL succeed and be preserved in the document.
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests     int
+	passed_tests    int
+	failed_tests    int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 3 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 3} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Random path generator
+fn random_path() string {
+	segments := rand.int_in_range(1, 4) or { 1 }
+	mut path := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. segments {
+		path += '/' + random_string(3, 10)
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+// All supported HTTP methods
+const http_methods = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'patch', 'head', 'options']
+
+// Generate a random operation with a unique summary for identification
+fn generate_operation(method string) hono.OpenAPIOperation {
+	return hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'Test ${method} operation - ${random_string(5, 10)}'
+		description: 'Description for ${method}'
+		operation_id: '${method}_${random_string(5, 10)}'
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Success response for ${method}'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Check if an operation is set (has responses)
+fn is_operation_set(op hono.OpenAPIOperation) bool {
+	return op.responses.len > 0
+}
+
+// Get operation from path item by method name
+fn get_operation_by_method(path_item hono.OpenAPIPathItem, method string) hono.OpenAPIOperation {
+	return match method {
+		'get' { path_item.get }
+		'post' { path_item.post }
+		'put' { path_item.put }
+		'delete' { path_item.delete }
+		'patch' { path_item.patch }
+		'head' { path_item.head }
+		'options' { path_item.options }
+		else { hono.OpenAPIOperation{} }
+	}
+}
+
+// Test that each HTTP method can be added via the builder and is preserved
+fn test_http_method_via_builder(method string) bool {
+	path := random_path()
+	op := generate_operation(method)
+
+	// Build document using the builder - step by step
+	mut builder := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+	builder.openapi('3.0.0')
+	builder.title('Test API')
+	builder.version('1.0.0')
+
+	// Add operation using the path builder
+	mut path_builder := builder.path(path)
+
+	match method {
+		'get' { path_builder.get(op) }
+		'post' { path_builder.post(op) }
+		'put' { path_builder.put(op) }
+		'delete' { path_builder.delete(op) }
+		'patch' { path_builder.patch(op) }
+		'head' { path_builder.head(op) }
+		'options' { path_builder.options(op) }
+		else {}
+	}
+
+	path_builder.done()
+
+	// Build the document
+	doc := builder.build() or { return false }
+
+	// Verify the path exists
+	if path !in doc.paths {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Verify the operation is preserved
+	path_item := doc.paths[path] or { return false }
+	stored_op := get_operation_by_method(path_item, method)
+
+	// Check operation is set and has correct summary
+	if !is_operation_set(stored_op) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if stored_op.summary != op.summary {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if stored_op.operation_id != op.operation_id {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// Property test: All HTTP methods are supported
+fn test_http_methods_property() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+
+	println('Running Property 4: HTTP Methods Support in Path Items')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Pick a random HTTP method
+		method_idx := rand.int_in_range(0, http_methods.len) or { 0 }
+		method := http_methods[method_idx]
+
+		if test_http_method_via_builder(method) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Method ${method} was not preserved in document')
+		}
+
+		// Progress indicator
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+
+// Additional test: All methods can be added to the same path
+fn test_all_methods_on_same_path() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+
+	println('\nRunning additional test: All HTTP methods on same path')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		path := random_path()
+
+		// Create operations for all methods
+		get_op := generate_operation('get')
+		post_op := generate_operation('post')
+		put_op := generate_operation('put')
+		delete_op := generate_operation('delete')
+		patch_op := generate_operation('patch')
+		head_op := generate_operation('head')
+		options_op := generate_operation('options')
+
+		// Build document with all methods on the same path
+		mut builder := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+		builder.openapi('3.0.0')
+		builder.title('Test API')
+		builder.version('1.0.0')
+
+		mut path_builder := builder.path(path)
+		path_builder.get(get_op)
+		path_builder.post(post_op)
+		path_builder.put(put_op)
+		path_builder.delete(delete_op)
+		path_builder.patch(patch_op)
+		path_builder.head(head_op)
+		path_builder.options(options_op)
+		path_builder.done()
+
+		doc := builder.build() or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Build failed - ${err}')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Verify all methods are preserved
+		path_item := doc.paths[path] or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Path not found')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		mut all_preserved := true
+		
+		// Check each method
+		if !is_operation_set(path_item.get) || path_item.get.summary != get_op.summary {
+			all_preserved = false
+		}
+		if !is_operation_set(path_item.post) || path_item.post.summary != post_op.summary {
+			all_preserved = false
+		}
+		if !is_operation_set(path_item.put) || path_item.put.summary != put_op.summary {
+			all_preserved = false
+		}
+		if !is_operation_set(path_item.delete) || path_item.delete.summary != delete_op.summary {
+			all_preserved = false
+		}
+		if !is_operation_set(path_item.patch) || path_item.patch.summary != patch_op.summary {
+			all_preserved = false
+		}
+		if !is_operation_set(path_item.head) || path_item.head.summary != head_op.summary {
+			all_preserved = false
+		}
+		if !is_operation_set(path_item.options) || path_item.options.summary != options_op.summary {
+			all_preserved = false
+		}
+
+		if all_preserved {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Not all methods preserved on path ${path}')
+		}
+
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: HTTP Methods Support in Path Items')
+	println('============================================================')
+	println('')
+
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+
+	// Run main property test
+	stats1 := test_http_methods_property()
+	stats1.print_summary()
+
+	// Run additional test
+	stats2 := test_all_methods_on_same_path()
+	stats2.print_summary()
+
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if stats1.failed_tests > 0 || stats2.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

tests/test_openapi_invalid_path_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+// test_openapi_invalid_path_property.v - Property-Based Test for Invalid Path Error Identification
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 9: Invalid Path Error Identification**
+// **Validates: Requirements 8.3**
+//
+// Property: For any OpenAPI document with an invalid path definition,
+// the validation error message SHALL identify the problematic path.
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests    int
+	passed_tests   int
+	failed_tests   int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+	
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 5 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 5} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_-'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Random OpenAPI version
+fn random_openapi_version() string {
+	versions := ['3.0.0', '3.0.1', '3.0.2', '3.0.3', '3.1.0']
+	return versions[rand.int_in_range(0, versions.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+// Generate a valid path item
+fn generate_valid_path_item() hono.OpenAPIPathItem {
+	return hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+		get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: random_string(5, 20)
+			responses: {
+				'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'Success'}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate a document with a specific invalid path
+fn generate_doc_with_invalid_path(invalid_path string) hono.OpenAPIDocument {
+	return hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: random_openapi_version()
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: random_string(5, 20)
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {
+			invalid_path: generate_valid_path_item()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Test 1: Path not starting with '/' should return error mentioning the path
+fn test_path_not_starting_with_slash() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 1: Path not starting with slash validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate invalid path (not starting with /)
+		invalid_path := random_string(3, 15)  // e.g., "users" instead of "/users"
+		
+		doc := generate_doc_with_invalid_path(invalid_path)
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message contains the invalid path
+			if err.msg().contains(invalid_path) {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't contain invalid path '${invalid_path}': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail("Validation passed for invalid path '${invalid_path}'")
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 2: Path with unmatched '{' should return error mentioning the path
+fn test_path_with_unmatched_open_brace() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 2: Path with unmatched open brace validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate invalid path with unmatched '{'
+		param_name := random_string(3, 10)
+		invalid_path := '/${random_string(3, 10)}/{${param_name}'  // e.g., "/users/{id" (missing closing brace)
+		
+		doc := generate_doc_with_invalid_path(invalid_path)
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message contains the invalid path
+			if err.msg().contains(invalid_path) {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't contain invalid path '${invalid_path}': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail("Validation passed for invalid path '${invalid_path}'")
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 3: Path with unmatched '}' should return error mentioning the path
+fn test_path_with_unmatched_close_brace() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 3: Path with unmatched close brace validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate invalid path with unmatched '}'
+		param_name := random_string(3, 10)
+		invalid_path := '/${random_string(3, 10)}/${param_name}}'  // e.g., "/users/id}" (extra closing brace)
+		
+		doc := generate_doc_with_invalid_path(invalid_path)
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message contains the invalid path
+			if err.msg().contains(invalid_path) {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't contain invalid path '${invalid_path}': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail("Validation passed for invalid path '${invalid_path}'")
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 4: Path with empty parameter '{}' should return error mentioning the path
+fn test_path_with_empty_parameter() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 4: Path with empty parameter validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate invalid path with empty parameter
+		invalid_path := '/${random_string(3, 10)}/{}'  // e.g., "/users/{}" (empty parameter)
+		
+		doc := generate_doc_with_invalid_path(invalid_path)
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message contains the invalid path
+			if err.msg().contains(invalid_path) {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't contain invalid path '${invalid_path}': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail("Validation passed for invalid path '${invalid_path}'")
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 5: Path with consecutive slashes should return error mentioning the path
+fn test_path_with_consecutive_slashes() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 5: Path with consecutive slashes validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate invalid path with consecutive slashes
+		invalid_path := '/${random_string(3, 10)}//${random_string(3, 10)}'  // e.g., "/users//profile"
+		
+		doc := generate_doc_with_invalid_path(invalid_path)
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message contains the invalid path
+			if err.msg().contains(invalid_path) {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't contain invalid path '${invalid_path}': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail("Validation passed for invalid path '${invalid_path}'")
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 6: Valid paths should pass validation
+fn test_valid_paths_pass() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 6: Valid paths pass validation')
+	
+	valid_path_patterns := [
+		'/users',
+		'/users/{id}',
+		'/api/v1/users',
+		'/api/v1/users/{userId}/posts/{postId}',
+		'/{resource}',
+		'/health',
+		'/api/v2/items/{itemId}/details',
+	]
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Pick a random valid path pattern
+		valid_path := valid_path_patterns[rand.int_in_range(0, valid_path_patterns.len) or { 0 }]
+		
+		doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+			openapi: random_openapi_version()
+			info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+				title: random_string(5, 20)
+				version: '1.0.0'
+			}
+			paths: {
+				valid_path: generate_valid_path_item()
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// Validate should pass
+		doc.validate() or {
+			stats.record_fail("Validation failed for valid path '${valid_path}': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		stats.record_pass()
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: Invalid Path Error Identification')
+	println('==========================================================')
+	println('')
+	
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+	
+	mut total_stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	// Run all tests
+	stats1 := test_path_not_starting_with_slash()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats1.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats1.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats1.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats1.failed_examples
+	
+	stats2 := test_path_with_unmatched_open_brace()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats2.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats2.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats2.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats2.failed_examples
+	
+	stats3 := test_path_with_unmatched_close_brace()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats3.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats3.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats3.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats3.failed_examples
+	
+	stats4 := test_path_with_empty_parameter()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats4.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats4.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats4.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats4.failed_examples
+	
+	stats5 := test_path_with_consecutive_slashes()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats5.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats5.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats5.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats5.failed_examples
+	
+	stats6 := test_valid_paths_pass()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats6.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats6.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats6.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats6.failed_examples
+	
+	total_stats.print_summary()
+	
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if total_stats.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

tests/test_openapi_optional_fields_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// test_openapi_optional_fields_property.v - Property-Based Test for Optional Fields Omission
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 8: Optional Fields Omission in JSON**
+// **Validates: Requirements 3.4**
+//
+// Property: For any OpenAPI document with optional fields not set, 
+// the serialized JSON SHALL NOT contain those fields.
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests  int
+	passed_tests int
+	failed_tests int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+	
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 3 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 3} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Test 1: Empty description should not appear in JSON
+fn test_empty_description_omitted() bool {
+	info := hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+		title: random_string(5, 15)
+		version: '1.0.0'
+		// description is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := info.to_json().str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"description"')
+}
+
+// Test 2: Empty contact should not appear in JSON
+fn test_empty_contact_omitted() bool {
+	info := hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+		title: random_string(5, 15)
+		version: '1.0.0'
+		// contact is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := info.to_json().str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"contact"')
+}
+
+// Test 3: Empty license should not appear in JSON
+fn test_empty_license_omitted() bool {
+	info := hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+		title: random_string(5, 15)
+		version: '1.0.0'
+		// license is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := info.to_json().str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"license"')
+}
+
+// Test 4: Empty servers array should not appear in JSON
+fn test_empty_servers_omitted() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: random_string(5, 15)
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {}
+		// servers is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := doc.to_json_str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"servers"')
+}
+
+// Test 5: Empty tags array should not appear in JSON
+fn test_empty_tags_omitted() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: random_string(5, 15)
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {}
+		// tags is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := doc.to_json_str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"tags"')
+}
+
+// Test 6: Empty components should not appear in JSON
+fn test_empty_components_omitted() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: random_string(5, 15)
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {}
+		// components is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := doc.to_json_str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"components"')
+}
+
+// Test 7: False boolean values should not appear in JSON (for optional booleans)
+fn test_false_boolean_omitted() bool {
+	param := hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: random_string(3, 10)
+		in_location: 'query'
+		required: false  // should be omitted
+		deprecated: false  // should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := param.to_json().str()
+	no_required := !json_str.contains('"required"')
+	no_deprecated := !json_str.contains('"deprecated"')
+	return no_required && no_deprecated
+}
+
+// Test 8: True boolean values SHOULD appear in JSON
+fn test_true_boolean_included() bool {
+	param := hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: random_string(3, 10)
+		in_location: 'query'
+		required: true  // should be included
+		deprecated: true  // should be included
+	}
+	
+	json_str := param.to_json().str()
+	has_required := json_str.contains('"required":true')
+	has_deprecated := json_str.contains('"deprecated":true')
+	return has_required && has_deprecated
+}
+
+// Test 9: Empty operation should not appear in path item
+fn test_empty_operation_omitted() bool {
+	path_item := hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+		summary: random_string(5, 15)
+		get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'Get'
+			responses: {
+				'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}
+			}
+		}
+		// post, put, delete, etc. are empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := path_item.to_json().str()
+	has_get := json_str.contains('"get"')
+	no_post := !json_str.contains('"post"')
+	no_put := !json_str.contains('"put"')
+	no_delete := !json_str.contains('"delete"')
+	return has_get && no_post && no_put && no_delete
+}
+
+// Test 10: Empty parameters array should not appear in operation
+fn test_empty_parameters_omitted() bool {
+	op := hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: random_string(5, 15)
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}
+		}
+		// parameters is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := op.to_json().str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"parameters"')
+}
+
+// Test 11: Empty request body should not appear in operation
+fn test_empty_request_body_omitted() bool {
+	op := hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: random_string(5, 15)
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}
+		}
+		// request_body is empty - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := op.to_json().str()
+	return !json_str.contains('"requestBody"')
+}
+
+// Test 12: Zero numeric values should not appear (for optional numerics)
+fn test_zero_numeric_omitted() bool {
+	schema := hono.OpenAPISchema{
+		schema_type: 'integer'
+		// minimum, maximum, min_length, max_length are 0 - should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := schema.to_json().str()
+	no_minimum := !json_str.contains('"minimum"')
+	no_maximum := !json_str.contains('"maximum"')
+	no_min_length := !json_str.contains('"minLength"')
+	no_max_length := !json_str.contains('"maxLength"')
+	return no_minimum && no_maximum && no_min_length && no_max_length
+}
+
+// Test 13: Non-zero numeric values SHOULD appear
+fn test_nonzero_numeric_included() bool {
+	schema := hono.OpenAPISchema{
+		schema_type: 'integer'
+		minimum: 1
+		maximum: 100
+		min_length: 5
+		max_length: 50
+	}
+	
+	json_str := schema.to_json().str()
+	has_minimum := json_str.contains('"minimum"')
+	has_maximum := json_str.contains('"maximum"')
+	has_min_length := json_str.contains('"minLength"')
+	has_max_length := json_str.contains('"maxLength"')
+	return has_minimum && has_maximum && has_min_length && has_max_length
+}
+
+// Property test: Optional fields omission
+fn test_optional_fields_property() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Running Property 8: Optional Fields Omission in JSON')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+	
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Test 1: Empty description
+		if test_empty_description_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty description was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 2: Empty contact
+		if test_empty_contact_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty contact was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 3: Empty license
+		if test_empty_license_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty license was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 4: Empty servers
+		if test_empty_servers_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty servers was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 5: Empty tags
+		if test_empty_tags_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty tags was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 6: Empty components
+		if test_empty_components_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty components was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 7: False boolean omitted
+		if test_false_boolean_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: False boolean was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 8: True boolean included
+		if test_true_boolean_included() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: True boolean was not included')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 9: Empty operation omitted
+		if test_empty_operation_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty operation was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 10: Empty parameters omitted
+		if test_empty_parameters_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty parameters was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 11: Empty request body omitted
+		if test_empty_request_body_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Empty request body was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 12: Zero numeric omitted
+		if test_zero_numeric_omitted() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Zero numeric was not omitted')
+		}
+		
+		// Test 13: Non-zero numeric included
+		if test_nonzero_numeric_included() {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Non-zero numeric was not included')
+		}
+		
+		// Progress indicator
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: Optional Fields Omission')
+	println('=================================================')
+	println('')
+	
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+	
+	stats := test_optional_fields_property()
+	stats.print_summary()
+	
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if stats.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

tests/test_openapi_param_locations_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+// test_openapi_param_locations_property.v - Property-Based Test for Parameter Locations Support
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 5: Parameter Locations Support**
+// **Validates: Requirements 2.5**
+//
+// Property: For any parameter location (path, query, header, cookie),
+// adding a parameter with that location SHALL succeed and be preserved in the document.
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests     int
+	passed_tests    int
+	failed_tests    int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 3 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 3} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Random path generator
+fn random_path() string {
+	segments := rand.int_in_range(1, 4) or { 1 }
+	mut path := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. segments {
+		path += '/' + random_string(3, 10)
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+// All supported parameter locations
+const param_locations = ['path', 'query', 'header', 'cookie']
+
+// Generate a random parameter with a specific location
+fn generate_parameter(location string) hono.OpenAPIParameter {
+	return hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: random_string(3, 10)
+		in_location: location
+		description: 'Test ${location} parameter - ${random_string(5, 10)}'
+		required: location == 'path' || rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+		schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+			schema_type: 'string'
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+// Test that each parameter location can be added and is preserved
+fn test_param_location_via_builder(location string) bool {
+	path := random_path()
+	param := generate_parameter(location)
+
+	// Create an operation with the parameter
+	op := hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'Test operation with ${location} parameter'
+		parameters: [param]
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Success'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build document using the builder
+	mut builder := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+	builder.openapi('3.0.0')
+	builder.title('Test API')
+	builder.version('1.0.0')
+
+	mut path_builder := builder.path(path)
+	path_builder.get(op)
+	path_builder.done()
+
+	// Build the document
+	doc := builder.build() or { return false }
+
+	// Verify the path exists
+	if path !in doc.paths {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Verify the parameter is preserved
+	path_item := doc.paths[path] or { return false }
+	
+	if path_item.get.parameters.len == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	stored_param := path_item.get.parameters[0]
+
+	// Check parameter location is preserved
+	if stored_param.in_location != location {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Check parameter name is preserved
+	if stored_param.name != param.name {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// Property test: All parameter locations are supported
+fn test_param_locations_property() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+
+	println('Running Property 5: Parameter Locations Support')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Pick a random parameter location
+		location_idx := rand.int_in_range(0, param_locations.len) or { 0 }
+		location := param_locations[location_idx]
+
+		if test_param_location_via_builder(location) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Location ${location} was not preserved in document')
+		}
+
+		// Progress indicator
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Additional test: All locations can be used in the same operation
+fn test_all_locations_in_same_operation() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+
+	println('\nRunning additional test: All parameter locations in same operation')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		path := random_path()
+
+		// Create parameters for all locations
+		path_param := generate_parameter('path')
+		query_param := generate_parameter('query')
+		header_param := generate_parameter('header')
+		cookie_param := generate_parameter('cookie')
+
+		// Create an operation with all parameters
+		op := hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'Test operation with all parameter locations'
+			parameters: [path_param, query_param, header_param, cookie_param]
+			responses: {
+				'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+					description: 'Success'
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Build document
+		mut builder := hono.OpenAPIBuilder.new()
+		builder.openapi('3.0.0')
+		builder.title('Test API')
+		builder.version('1.0.0')
+
+		mut path_builder := builder.path(path)
+		path_builder.get(op)
+		path_builder.done()
+
+		doc := builder.build() or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Build failed - ${err}')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Verify all parameters are preserved
+		path_item := doc.paths[path] or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Path not found')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if path_item.get.parameters.len != 4 {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Expected 4 parameters, got ${path_item.get.parameters.len}')
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Check each location is present
+		mut found_locations := map[string]bool{}
+		for param in path_item.get.parameters {
+			found_locations[param.in_location] = true
+		}
+
+		mut all_found := true
+		for loc in param_locations {
+			if loc !in found_locations {
+				all_found = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if all_found {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Not all parameter locations preserved')
+		}
+
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: Parameter Locations Support')
+	println('====================================================')
+	println('')
+
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+
+	// Run main property test
+	stats1 := test_param_locations_property()
+	stats1.print_summary()
+
+	// Run additional test
+	stats2 := test_all_locations_in_same_operation()
+	stats2.print_summary()
+
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if stats1.failed_tests > 0 || stats2.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

tests/test_openapi_required_fields_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+// test_openapi_required_fields_property.v - Property-Based Test for OpenAPI Required Fields Validation
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 3: OpenAPI Document Required Fields Validation**
+// **Validates: Requirements 2.2, 8.1**
+//
+// Property: For any OpenAPI document missing a required field (openapi, info, or paths),
+// the validate() method SHALL return an error identifying the missing field.
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests    int
+	passed_tests   int
+	failed_tests   int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+	
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 5 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 5} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_-'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Random path generator
+fn random_path() string {
+	segments := rand.int_in_range(1, 4) or { 1 }
+	mut path := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. segments {
+		path += '/' + random_string(3, 10)
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+// Random OpenAPI version
+fn random_openapi_version() string {
+	versions := ['3.0.0', '3.0.1', '3.0.2', '3.0.3', '3.1.0']
+	return versions[rand.int_in_range(0, versions.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+// Generate a valid OpenAPIDocument
+fn generate_valid_document() hono.OpenAPIDocument {
+	return hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: random_openapi_version()
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: random_string(5, 20)
+			version: '${rand.int_in_range(1, 10) or { 1 }}.${rand.int_in_range(0, 10) or { 0 }}.${rand.int_in_range(0, 10) or { 0 }}'
+		}
+		paths: {
+			random_path(): hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+				get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+					summary: random_string(5, 20)
+					responses: {
+						'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'Success'}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Test 1: Missing 'openapi' field should return error
+fn test_missing_openapi_field() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 1: Missing openapi field validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate document with missing openapi field
+		doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+			openapi: ''  // Missing required field
+			info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+				title: random_string(5, 20)
+				version: '1.0.0'
+			}
+			paths: {
+				random_path(): hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+					get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+						responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message mentions 'openapi'
+			if err.msg().contains('openapi') {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't mention 'openapi': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail('Validation passed for document with missing openapi field')
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 2: Missing 'info.title' field should return error
+fn test_missing_info_title_field() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 2: Missing info.title field validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate document with missing info.title field
+		doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+			openapi: random_openapi_version()
+			info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+				title: ''  // Missing required field
+				version: '1.0.0'
+			}
+			paths: {
+				random_path(): hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+					get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+						responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message mentions 'info.title'
+			if err.msg().contains('info.title') {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't mention 'info.title': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail('Validation passed for document with missing info.title field')
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 3: Missing 'info.version' field should return error
+fn test_missing_info_version_field() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 3: Missing info.version field validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate document with missing info.version field
+		doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+			openapi: random_openapi_version()
+			info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+				title: random_string(5, 20)
+				version: ''  // Missing required field
+			}
+			paths: {
+				random_path(): hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+					get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+						responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message mentions 'info.version'
+			if err.msg().contains('info.version') {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't mention 'info.version': ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail('Validation passed for document with missing info.version field')
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 4: Valid document should pass validation
+fn test_valid_document_passes() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 4: Valid document passes validation')
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate valid document
+		doc := generate_valid_document()
+		
+		// Validate should pass
+		doc.validate() or {
+			stats.record_fail('Validation failed for valid document: ${err.msg()}')
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		stats.record_pass()
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+// Test 5: Unsupported OpenAPI version should return error
+fn test_unsupported_openapi_version() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Test 5: Unsupported OpenAPI version validation')
+	
+	invalid_versions := ['2.0.0', '1.0.0', '4.0.0', '3.2.0', 'invalid', '']
+	
+	for _ in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Pick a random invalid version
+		invalid_version := invalid_versions[rand.int_in_range(0, invalid_versions.len - 1) or { 0 }]
+		
+		doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+			openapi: invalid_version
+			info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+				title: random_string(5, 20)
+				version: '1.0.0'
+			}
+			paths: {
+				random_path(): hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+					get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+						responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// Validate should fail
+		doc.validate() or {
+			// Check that error message mentions version issue
+			if err.msg().contains('openapi') || err.msg().contains('version') || err.msg().contains('Unsupported') {
+				stats.record_pass()
+				continue
+			}
+			stats.record_fail("Error message doesn't mention version issue: ${err.msg()}")
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// If validation passed, that's a failure
+		stats.record_fail('Validation passed for document with unsupported version: ${invalid_version}')
+	}
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: OpenAPI Required Fields Validation')
+	println('============================================================')
+	println('')
+	
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+	
+	mut total_stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	// Run all tests
+	stats1 := test_missing_openapi_field()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats1.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats1.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats1.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats1.failed_examples
+	
+	stats2 := test_missing_info_title_field()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats2.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats2.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats2.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats2.failed_examples
+	
+	stats3 := test_missing_info_version_field()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats3.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats3.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats3.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats3.failed_examples
+	
+	stats4 := test_valid_document_passes()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats4.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats4.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats4.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats4.failed_examples
+	
+	stats5 := test_unsupported_openapi_version()
+	total_stats.total_tests += stats5.total_tests
+	total_stats.passed_tests += stats5.passed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_tests += stats5.failed_tests
+	total_stats.failed_examples << stats5.failed_examples
+	
+	total_stats.print_summary()
+	
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if total_stats.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

tests/test_openapi_roundtrip_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+// test_openapi_roundtrip_property.v - Property-Based Test for OpenAPI Round-Trip Serialization
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 1: OpenAPI Document Round-Trip Serialization**
+// **Validates: Requirements 3.2**
+//
+// Property: For any valid OpenAPI document, serializing to JSON and then 
+// deserializing back SHALL produce an equivalent document.
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests  int
+	passed_tests int
+	failed_tests int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+	
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 3 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 3} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_-'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Random URL generator
+fn random_url() string {
+	protocols := ['http', 'https']
+	protocol := protocols[rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 }]
+	domain := random_string(3, 10)
+	tld := ['com', 'org', 'net', 'io'][rand.int_in_range(0, 4) or { 0 }]
+	return '${protocol}://${domain}.${tld}'
+}
+
+// Random email generator
+fn random_email() string {
+	return '${random_string(3, 8)}@${random_string(3, 6)}.com'
+}
+
+// Random path generator
+fn random_path() string {
+	segments := rand.int_in_range(1, 4) or { 1 }
+	mut path := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. segments {
+		path += '/' + random_string(3, 10)
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+// Random OpenAPI version
+fn random_openapi_version() string {
+	versions := ['3.0.0', '3.0.1', '3.0.2', '3.0.3', '3.1.0']
+	return versions[rand.int_in_range(0, versions.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+// Random HTTP method
+fn random_http_method() string {
+	methods := ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'patch']
+	return methods[rand.int_in_range(0, methods.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+// Random parameter location
+fn random_param_location() string {
+	locations := ['path', 'query', 'header', 'cookie']
+	return locations[rand.int_in_range(0, locations.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+// Random schema type
+fn random_schema_type() string {
+	types := ['string', 'integer', 'number', 'boolean', 'array', 'object']
+	return types[rand.int_in_range(0, types.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIContact
+fn generate_random_contact() hono.OpenAPIContact {
+	return hono.OpenAPIContact{
+		name: random_string(3, 15)
+		url: random_url()
+		email: random_email()
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPILicense
+fn generate_random_license() hono.OpenAPILicense {
+	licenses := ['MIT', 'Apache-2.0', 'GPL-3.0', 'BSD-3-Clause']
+	return hono.OpenAPILicense{
+		name: licenses[rand.int_in_range(0, licenses.len) or { 0 }]
+		url: random_url()
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIInfo
+fn generate_random_info() hono.OpenAPIInfo {
+	return hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+		title: random_string(5, 20)
+		version: '${rand.int_in_range(1, 10) or { 1 }}.${rand.int_in_range(0, 10) or { 0 }}.${rand.int_in_range(0, 10) or { 0 }}'
+		description: random_string(10, 50)
+		terms_of_service: random_url()
+		contact: generate_random_contact()
+		license: generate_random_license()
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIServer
+fn generate_random_server() hono.OpenAPIServer {
+	return hono.OpenAPIServer{
+		url: random_url()
+		description: random_string(5, 20)
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPISchema (simple, non-recursive)
+fn generate_random_schema() hono.OpenAPISchema {
+	schema_type := random_schema_type()
+	return hono.OpenAPISchema{
+		schema_type: schema_type
+		format: if schema_type == 'integer' { 'int64' } else if schema_type == 'number' { 'double' } else { '' }
+		description: random_string(5, 20)
+		example: random_string(3, 10)
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIParameter
+fn generate_random_parameter() hono.OpenAPIParameter {
+	location := random_param_location()
+	return hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: random_string(3, 10)
+		in_location: location
+		description: random_string(5, 20)
+		required: location == 'path' || rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+		deprecated: rand.int_in_range(0, 10) or { 0 } == 0  // 10% chance
+		schema: generate_random_schema()
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIResponse
+fn generate_random_response() hono.OpenAPIResponse {
+	return hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+		description: random_string(5, 30)
+		content: {
+			'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+				schema: generate_random_schema()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIOperation
+fn generate_random_operation() hono.OpenAPIOperation {
+	num_params := rand.int_in_range(0, 3) or { 0 }
+	mut params := []hono.OpenAPIParameter{}
+	for _ in 0 .. num_params {
+		params << generate_random_parameter()
+	}
+	
+	num_tags := rand.int_in_range(0, 3) or { 0 }
+	mut tags := []string{}
+	for _ in 0 .. num_tags {
+		tags << random_string(3, 10)
+	}
+	
+	return hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: random_string(5, 30)
+		description: random_string(10, 50)
+		operation_id: random_string(5, 15)
+		tags: tags
+		parameters: params
+		responses: {
+			'200': generate_random_response()
+			'400': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'Bad Request'}
+			'500': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'Internal Server Error'}
+		}
+		deprecated: rand.int_in_range(0, 10) or { 0 } == 0  // 10% chance
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIPathItem
+fn generate_random_path_item() hono.OpenAPIPathItem {
+	mut path_item := hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+		summary: random_string(5, 20)
+		description: random_string(10, 30)
+	}
+	
+	// Randomly add HTTP methods
+	if rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1 {
+		path_item.get = generate_random_operation()
+	}
+	if rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1 {
+		path_item.post = generate_random_operation()
+	}
+	if rand.int_in_range(0, 3) or { 0 } == 0 {
+		path_item.put = generate_random_operation()
+	}
+	if rand.int_in_range(0, 3) or { 0 } == 0 {
+		path_item.delete = generate_random_operation()
+	}
+	
+	// Ensure at least one method is set
+	if path_item.get.responses.len == 0 && path_item.post.responses.len == 0 && 
+	   path_item.put.responses.len == 0 && path_item.delete.responses.len == 0 {
+		path_item.get = generate_random_operation()
+	}
+	
+	return path_item
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPITag
+fn generate_random_tag() hono.OpenAPITag {
+	return hono.OpenAPITag{
+		name: random_string(3, 10)
+		description: random_string(10, 30)
+	}
+}
+
+// Generate random OpenAPIDocument
+fn generate_random_document() hono.OpenAPIDocument {
+	// Generate random number of paths (1-5)
+	num_paths := rand.int_in_range(1, 6) or { 1 }
+	mut paths := map[string]hono.OpenAPIPathItem{}
+	for _ in 0 .. num_paths {
+		paths[random_path()] = generate_random_path_item()
+	}
+	
+	// Generate random number of servers (0-3)
+	num_servers := rand.int_in_range(0, 4) or { 0 }
+	mut servers := []hono.OpenAPIServer{}
+	for _ in 0 .. num_servers {
+		servers << generate_random_server()
+	}
+	
+	// Generate random number of tags (0-5)
+	num_tags := rand.int_in_range(0, 6) or { 0 }
+	mut tags := []hono.OpenAPITag{}
+	for _ in 0 .. num_tags {
+		tags << generate_random_tag()
+	}
+	
+	return hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: random_openapi_version()
+		info: generate_random_info()
+		servers: servers
+		paths: paths
+		tags: tags
+	}
+}
+
+// Compare two OpenAPIInfo objects
+fn compare_info(a hono.OpenAPIInfo, b hono.OpenAPIInfo) bool {
+	return a.title == b.title &&
+		a.version == b.version &&
+		a.description == b.description &&
+		a.terms_of_service == b.terms_of_service &&
+		a.contact.name == b.contact.name &&
+		a.contact.url == b.contact.url &&
+		a.contact.email == b.contact.email &&
+		a.license.name == b.license.name &&
+		a.license.url == b.license.url
+}
+
+// Compare two OpenAPISchema objects
+fn compare_schema(a hono.OpenAPISchema, b hono.OpenAPISchema) bool {
+	return a.schema_type == b.schema_type &&
+		a.format == b.format &&
+		a.description == b.description &&
+		a.example == b.example
+}
+
+// Compare two OpenAPIParameter objects
+fn compare_parameter(a hono.OpenAPIParameter, b hono.OpenAPIParameter) bool {
+	return a.name == b.name &&
+		a.in_location == b.in_location &&
+		a.description == b.description &&
+		a.required == b.required &&
+		a.deprecated == b.deprecated &&
+		compare_schema(a.schema, b.schema)
+}
+
+// Compare two OpenAPIOperation objects
+fn compare_operation(a hono.OpenAPIOperation, b hono.OpenAPIOperation) bool {
+	if a.summary != b.summary || a.description != b.description ||
+	   a.operation_id != b.operation_id || a.deprecated != b.deprecated {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	if a.tags.len != b.tags.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, tag in a.tags {
+		if tag != b.tags[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	
+	if a.parameters.len != b.parameters.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, param in a.parameters {
+		if !compare_parameter(param, b.parameters[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	
+	if a.responses.len != b.responses.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	return true
+}
+
+// Compare two OpenAPIPathItem objects
+fn compare_path_item(a hono.OpenAPIPathItem, b hono.OpenAPIPathItem) bool {
+	if a.summary != b.summary || a.description != b.description {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	// Compare operations (only if they have responses, meaning they're set)
+	if a.get.responses.len > 0 || b.get.responses.len > 0 {
+		if !compare_operation(a.get, b.get) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if a.post.responses.len > 0 || b.post.responses.len > 0 {
+		if !compare_operation(a.post, b.post) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if a.put.responses.len > 0 || b.put.responses.len > 0 {
+		if !compare_operation(a.put, b.put) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if a.delete.responses.len > 0 || b.delete.responses.len > 0 {
+		if !compare_operation(a.delete, b.delete) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return true
+}
+
+// Compare two OpenAPIDocument objects
+fn compare_documents(original hono.OpenAPIDocument, restored hono.OpenAPIDocument) bool {
+	// Compare basic fields
+	if original.openapi != restored.openapi {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	// Compare info
+	if !compare_info(original.info, restored.info) {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	// Compare servers
+	if original.servers.len != restored.servers.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, server in original.servers {
+		if server.url != restored.servers[i].url ||
+		   server.description != restored.servers[i].description {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// Compare paths
+	if original.paths.len != restored.paths.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for path, path_item in original.paths {
+		if path !in restored.paths {
+			return false
+		}
+		restored_item := restored.paths[path] or { return false }
+		if !compare_path_item(path_item, restored_item) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// Compare tags
+	if original.tags.len != restored.tags.len {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i, tag in original.tags {
+		if tag.name != restored.tags[i].name ||
+		   tag.description != restored.tags[i].description {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return true
+}
+
+// Property test: Round-trip serialization
+fn test_round_trip_property() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+	
+	println('Running Property 1: OpenAPI Document Round-Trip Serialization')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+	
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate random document
+		original := generate_random_document()
+		
+		// Serialize to JSON
+		json_str := original.to_json_str()
+		
+		// Deserialize back
+		restored := hono.OpenAPIDocument.from_json_str(json_str) or {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Deserialization failed - ${err}')
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// Compare
+		if compare_documents(original, restored) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Documents not equal after round-trip. OpenAPI version: ${original.openapi}, Paths: ${original.paths.len}')
+		}
+		
+		// Progress indicator
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+	
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: OpenAPI Round-Trip Serialization')
+	println('=========================================================')
+	println('')
+	
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+	
+	stats := test_round_trip_property()
+	stats.print_summary()
+	
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if stats.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

tests/test_openapi_serialization.v

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+// test_openapi_serialization.v - 测试 OpenAPI 序列化和反序列化
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 1: OpenAPI Document Round-Trip Serialization**
+// **Validates: Requirements 3.1, 3.2, 3.4**
+module main
+
+import hono
+import x.json2
+
+struct TestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests  int
+	passed_tests int
+	failed_tests int
+}
+
+fn (mut stats TestStats) run_test(test_name string, test_func fn () bool) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	print('🧪 ${test_name}... ')
+
+	if test_func() {
+		stats.passed_tests++
+		println('✅')
+	} else {
+		stats.failed_tests++
+		println('❌')
+	}
+}
+
+fn (stats TestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== OpenAPI 序列化测试总结 ===')
+	println('总测试数: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('通过: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('失败: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 所有测试通过！')
+	} else {
+		println('⚠️  有 ${stats.failed_tests} 个测试失败')
+	}
+}
+
+// 测试 1: OpenAPIDocument to_json_str 基本功能
+fn test_document_to_json_str() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'Test API'
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {
+			'/users': hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+				get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+					summary: 'Get users'
+					responses: {
+						'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+							description: 'Success'
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	json_str := doc.to_json_str()
+	has_openapi := json_str.contains('"openapi":"3.0.0"')
+	has_title := json_str.contains('"title":"Test API"')
+	has_users := json_str.contains('"/users"')
+	return has_openapi && has_title && has_users
+}
+
+// 测试 2: 字段名映射 (schema_type -> type, in_location -> in)
+fn test_field_name_mapping() bool {
+	param := hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: 'id'
+		in_location: 'path'
+		schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+			schema_type: 'integer'
+		}
+	}
+	
+	json_any := param.to_json()
+	json_str := json_any.str()
+	
+	// Should use 'in' not 'in_location', 'type' not 'schema_type'
+	has_in := json_str.contains('"in":"path"')
+	has_type := json_str.contains('"type":"integer"')
+	no_in_location := !json_str.contains('in_location')
+	no_schema_type := !json_str.contains('schema_type')
+	return has_in && has_type && no_in_location && no_schema_type
+}
+
+// 测试 3: ref 字段映射
+fn test_ref_field_mapping() bool {
+	schema := hono.OpenAPISchema{
+		ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
+	}
+	
+	json_any := schema.to_json()
+	json_str := json_any.str()
+	
+	return json_str.contains(r'"$ref":"#/components/schemas/User"')
+}
+
+// 测试 4: 可选字段省略 - 空字符串不应出现
+fn test_optional_fields_omission_strings() bool {
+	info := hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+		title: 'Test'
+		version: '1.0.0'
+		// description is empty, should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_any := info.to_json()
+	json_str := json_any.str()
+	
+	no_desc := !json_str.contains('"description"')
+	has_title := json_str.contains('"title":"Test"')
+	has_version := json_str.contains('"version":"1.0.0"')
+	return no_desc && has_title && has_version
+}
+
+// 测试 5: 可选字段省略 - 空数组不应出现
+fn test_optional_fields_omission_arrays() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'Test'
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {}
+		// servers is empty, should be omitted
+		// tags is empty, should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := doc.to_json_str()
+	
+	no_servers := !json_str.contains('"servers"')
+	no_tags := !json_str.contains('"tags"')
+	return no_servers && no_tags
+}
+
+// 测试 6: 可选字段省略 - 空 map 不应出现
+fn test_optional_fields_omission_maps() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'Test'
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {}
+		// components is empty, should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_str := doc.to_json_str()
+	
+	return !json_str.contains('"components"')
+}
+
+// 测试 7: 布尔值 false 不应出现 (除非必需)
+fn test_optional_boolean_omission() bool {
+	param := hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: 'test'
+		in_location: 'query'
+		required: false  // should be omitted
+		deprecated: false  // should be omitted
+	}
+	
+	json_any := param.to_json()
+	json_str := json_any.str()
+	
+	no_required := !json_str.contains('"required"')
+	no_deprecated := !json_str.contains('"deprecated"')
+	return no_required && no_deprecated
+}
+
+// 测试 8: 布尔值 true 应该出现
+fn test_boolean_true_included() bool {
+	param := hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: 'test'
+		in_location: 'query'
+		required: true
+		deprecated: true
+	}
+	
+	json_any := param.to_json()
+	json_str := json_any.str()
+	
+	has_required := json_str.contains('"required":true')
+	has_deprecated := json_str.contains('"deprecated":true')
+	return has_required && has_deprecated
+}
+
+// 测试 9: 嵌套结构序列化
+fn test_nested_structure_serialization() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'Test API'
+			version: '1.0.0'
+			contact: hono.OpenAPIContact{
+				name: 'Support'
+				email: 'support@example.com'
+			}
+		}
+		paths: {
+			'/users': hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+				get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+					summary: 'Get users'
+					parameters: [
+						hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+							name: 'limit'
+							in_location: 'query'
+							schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+								schema_type: 'integer'
+							}
+						}
+					]
+					responses: {
+						'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+							description: 'Success'
+							content: {
+								'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+									schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+										schema_type: 'array'
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	json_str := doc.to_json_str()
+	
+	has_contact := json_str.contains('"contact"')
+	has_email := json_str.contains('"email":"support@example.com"')
+	has_params := json_str.contains('"parameters"')
+	has_content := json_str.contains('"content"')
+	has_json := json_str.contains('"application/json"')
+	return has_contact && has_email && has_params && has_content && has_json
+}
+
+// 测试 10: to_json_pretty 格式化输出
+fn test_to_json_pretty() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'Test'
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		paths: {}
+	}
+	
+	pretty_json := doc.to_json_pretty()
+	
+	// Pretty JSON should contain newlines and indentation
+	has_newline := pretty_json.contains('\n')
+	has_indent := pretty_json.contains('  ')
+	return has_newline && has_indent
+}
+
+// 测试 11: 反序列化基本功能
+fn test_from_json_basic() bool {
+	json_str := '{"openapi":"3.0.0","info":{"title":"Test API","version":"1.0.0"},"paths":{}}'
+	
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument.from_json_str(json_str) or {
+		println('Error: ${err}')
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	ok_openapi := doc.openapi == '3.0.0'
+	ok_title := doc.info.title == 'Test API'
+	ok_version := doc.info.version == '1.0.0'
+	return ok_openapi && ok_title && ok_version
+}
+
+// 测试 12: 反序列化嵌套结构
+fn test_from_json_nested() bool {
+	json_str := '{"openapi":"3.0.0","info":{"title":"Test","version":"1.0.0","contact":{"name":"Support","email":"test@example.com"}},"paths":{"/users":{"get":{"summary":"Get users","responses":{"200":{"description":"OK"}}}}}}'
+	
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument.from_json_str(json_str) or {
+		println('Error: ${err}')
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	ok_contact_name := doc.info.contact.name == 'Support'
+	ok_contact_email := doc.info.contact.email == 'test@example.com'
+	ok_has_users := '/users' in doc.paths
+	users_path := doc.paths['/users'] or { return false }
+	ok_summary := users_path.get.summary == 'Get users'
+	return ok_contact_name && ok_contact_email && ok_has_users && ok_summary
+}
+
+// 测试 13: 反序列化字段名映射 (in -> in_location, type -> schema_type)
+fn test_from_json_field_mapping() bool {
+	json_str := '{"name":"id","in":"path","schema":{"type":"integer"}}'
+	
+	parsed := json2.decode[json2.Any](json_str) or {
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	param := hono.OpenAPIParameter.from_json(parsed)
+	
+	ok_name := param.name == 'id'
+	ok_in := param.in_location == 'path'
+	ok_type := param.schema.schema_type == 'integer'
+	return ok_name && ok_in && ok_type
+}
+
+// 测试 14: 往返序列化 - 简单文档
+fn test_round_trip_simple() bool {
+	original := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'Test API'
+			version: '1.0.0'
+			description: 'A test API'
+		}
+		paths: {
+			'/health': hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+				get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+					summary: 'Health check'
+					responses: {
+						'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+							description: 'OK'
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	// Serialize
+	json_str := original.to_json_str()
+	
+	// Deserialize
+	restored := hono.OpenAPIDocument.from_json_str(json_str) or {
+		println('Error: ${err}')
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	// Compare
+	ok_openapi := restored.openapi == original.openapi
+	ok_title := restored.info.title == original.info.title
+	ok_version := restored.info.version == original.info.version
+	ok_desc := restored.info.description == original.info.description
+	ok_has_health := '/health' in restored.paths
+	restored_health := restored.paths['/health'] or { return false }
+	original_health := original.paths['/health'] or { return false }
+	ok_summary := restored_health.get.summary == original_health.get.summary
+	return ok_openapi && ok_title && ok_version && ok_desc && ok_has_health && ok_summary
+}
+
+// 测试 15: 往返序列化 - 复杂文档
+fn test_round_trip_complex() bool {
+	original := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.1.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'Complex API'
+			version: '2.0.0'
+			description: 'A complex test API'
+			contact: hono.OpenAPIContact{
+				name: 'API Support'
+				email: 'support@example.com'
+				url: 'https://example.com/support'
+			}
+			license: hono.OpenAPILicense{
+				name: 'MIT'
+				url: 'https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT'
+			}
+		}
+		servers: [
+			hono.OpenAPIServer{
+				url: 'https://api.example.com'
+				description: 'Production'
+			}
+		]
+		paths: {
+			'/users': hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+				get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+					summary: 'List users'
+					operation_id: 'listUsers'
+					tags: ['users']
+					parameters: [
+						hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+							name: 'limit'
+							in_location: 'query'
+							required: false
+							schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+								schema_type: 'integer'
+								minimum: 1
+								maximum: 100
+							}
+						}
+					]
+					responses: {
+						'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+							description: 'Success'
+							content: {
+								'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+									schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+										schema_type: 'array'
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				post: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+					summary: 'Create user'
+					operation_id: 'createUser'
+					tags: ['users']
+					request_body: hono.OpenAPIRequestBody{
+						required: true
+						content: {
+							'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+								schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+									schema_type: 'object'
+									required: ['name', 'email']
+									properties: {
+										'name': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+											schema_type: 'string'
+										}
+										'email': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+											schema_type: 'string'
+											format: 'email'
+										}
+									}
+								}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					responses: {
+						'201': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+							description: 'Created'
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		tags: [
+			hono.OpenAPITag{
+				name: 'users'
+				description: 'User operations'
+			}
+		]
+	}
+	
+	// Serialize
+	json_str := original.to_json_str()
+	
+	// Deserialize
+	restored := hono.OpenAPIDocument.from_json_str(json_str) or {
+		println('Error: ${err}')
+		return false
+	}
+	
+	// Compare key fields
+	ok_openapi := restored.openapi == original.openapi
+	ok_title := restored.info.title == original.info.title
+	ok_contact := restored.info.contact.name == original.info.contact.name
+	ok_license := restored.info.license.name == original.info.license.name
+	ok_servers_len := restored.servers.len == original.servers.len
+	ok_server_url := restored.servers[0].url == original.servers[0].url
+	ok_has_users := '/users' in restored.paths
+	restored_users := restored.paths['/users'] or { return false }
+	ok_get_op := restored_users.get.operation_id == 'listUsers'
+	ok_post_op := restored_users.post.operation_id == 'createUser'
+	ok_tags_len := restored.tags.len == original.tags.len
+	ok_tag_name := restored.tags[0].name == 'users'
+	
+	return ok_openapi && ok_title && ok_contact && ok_license && ok_servers_len && ok_server_url && ok_has_users && ok_get_op && ok_post_op && ok_tags_len && ok_tag_name
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🚀 开始 OpenAPI 序列化测试...\n')
+
+	mut stats := TestStats{}
+
+	// 序列化测试
+	stats.run_test('to_json_str 基本功能', test_document_to_json_str)
+	stats.run_test('字段名映射 (schema_type->type, in_location->in)', test_field_name_mapping)
+	stats.run_test('ref 字段映射', test_ref_field_mapping)
+	stats.run_test('可选字段省略 - 空字符串', test_optional_fields_omission_strings)
+	stats.run_test('可选字段省略 - 空数组', test_optional_fields_omission_arrays)
+	stats.run_test('可选字段省略 - 空 map', test_optional_fields_omission_maps)
+	stats.run_test('布尔值 false 省略', test_optional_boolean_omission)
+	stats.run_test('布尔值 true 包含', test_boolean_true_included)
+	stats.run_test('嵌套结构序列化', test_nested_structure_serialization)
+	stats.run_test('to_json_pretty 格式化', test_to_json_pretty)
+	
+	// 反序列化测试
+	stats.run_test('from_json 基本功能', test_from_json_basic)
+	stats.run_test('from_json 嵌套结构', test_from_json_nested)
+	stats.run_test('from_json 字段名映射', test_from_json_field_mapping)
+	
+	// 往返测试
+	stats.run_test('往返序列化 - 简单文档', test_round_trip_simple)
+	stats.run_test('往返序列化 - 复杂文档', test_round_trip_complex)
+
+	// 打印测试总结
+	stats.print_summary()
+}

tests/test_openapi_structures.v

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+// test_openapi_structures.v - 测试 OpenAPI 数据结构
+import meiseayoung.hono
+
+// OpenAPI 数据结构测试
+// 测试 OpenAPI 3.0/3.1 规范的数据结构定义
+
+struct TestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests  int
+	passed_tests int
+	failed_tests int
+}
+
+fn (mut stats TestStats) run_test(test_name string, test_func fn () bool) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	print('🧪 ${test_name}... ')
+
+	if test_func() {
+		stats.passed_tests++
+		println('✅')
+	} else {
+		stats.failed_tests++
+		println('❌')
+	}
+}
+
+fn (stats TestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== OpenAPI 数据结构测试总结 ===')
+	println('总测试数: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('通过: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('失败: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 所有测试通过！')
+	} else {
+		println('⚠️  有 ${stats.failed_tests} 个测试失败')
+	}
+}
+
+// 测试 1: OpenAPIContact 结构体
+fn test_openapi_contact() bool {
+	contact := hono.OpenAPIContact{
+		name: 'API Support'
+		url: 'https://example.com/support'
+		email: 'support@example.com'
+	}
+	return contact.name == 'API Support' && 
+		contact.url == 'https://example.com/support' && 
+		contact.email == 'support@example.com'
+}
+
+// 测试 2: OpenAPILicense 结构体
+fn test_openapi_license() bool {
+	license := hono.OpenAPILicense{
+		name: 'MIT'
+		url: 'https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT'
+	}
+	return license.name == 'MIT' && 
+		license.url == 'https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT'
+}
+
+// 测试 3: OpenAPIInfo 结构体
+fn test_openapi_info() bool {
+	info := hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+		title: 'My API'
+		version: '1.0.0'
+		description: 'A sample API'
+		terms_of_service: 'https://example.com/tos'
+		contact: hono.OpenAPIContact{
+			name: 'Support'
+		}
+		license: hono.OpenAPILicense{
+			name: 'MIT'
+		}
+	}
+	return info.title == 'My API' && 
+		info.version == '1.0.0' && 
+		info.description == 'A sample API'
+}
+
+// 测试 4: OpenAPIServer 结构体
+fn test_openapi_server() bool {
+	server := hono.OpenAPIServer{
+		url: 'https://api.example.com'
+		description: 'Production server'
+	}
+	return server.url == 'https://api.example.com' && 
+		server.description == 'Production server'
+}
+
+// 测试 5: OpenAPITag 结构体
+fn test_openapi_tag() bool {
+	tag := hono.OpenAPITag{
+		name: 'users'
+		description: 'User operations'
+		external_docs: hono.OpenAPIExternalDocs{
+			url: 'https://docs.example.com/users'
+			description: 'User documentation'
+		}
+	}
+	return tag.name == 'users' && 
+		tag.description == 'User operations'
+}
+
+// 测试 6: OpenAPIParameter 结构体
+fn test_openapi_parameter() bool {
+	param := hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+		name: 'id'
+		in_location: 'path'
+		description: 'User ID'
+		required: true
+		deprecated: false
+		schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+			schema_type: 'integer'
+			format: 'int64'
+		}
+	}
+	return param.name == 'id' && 
+		param.in_location == 'path' && 
+		param.required == true
+}
+
+// 测试 7: OpenAPIResponse 结构体
+fn test_openapi_response() bool {
+	response := hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+		description: 'Successful response'
+		content: {
+			'application/json': hono.OpenAPIMediaType{
+				schema: hono.OpenAPISchema{
+					schema_type: 'object'
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return response.description == 'Successful response' && 
+		'application/json' in response.content
+}
+
+// 测试 8: OpenAPIOperation 结构体
+fn test_openapi_operation() bool {
+	op := hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+		summary: 'Get user'
+		description: 'Get user by ID'
+		operation_id: 'getUser'
+		tags: ['users']
+		responses: {
+			'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+				description: 'Success'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return op.summary == 'Get user' && 
+		op.operation_id == 'getUser' && 
+		'users' in op.tags
+}
+
+// 测试 9: OpenAPIPathItem 结构体
+fn test_openapi_path_item() bool {
+	path_item := hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+		summary: 'User operations'
+		get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'Get user'
+			responses: {
+				'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+					description: 'Success'
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		post: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'Create user'
+			responses: {
+				'201': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+					description: 'Created'
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return path_item.summary == 'User operations' && 
+		path_item.get.summary == 'Get user' && 
+		path_item.post.summary == 'Create user'
+}
+
+// 测试 10: OpenAPISchema 结构体
+fn test_openapi_schema() bool {
+	schema := hono.OpenAPISchema{
+		schema_type: 'object'
+		title: 'User'
+		description: 'User object'
+		required: ['id', 'name']
+		properties: {
+			'id': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'integer'
+				format: 'int64'
+			}
+			'name': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'string'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return schema.schema_type == 'object' && 
+		schema.title == 'User' && 
+		'id' in schema.required && 
+		'name' in schema.properties
+}
+
+// 测试 11: OpenAPISecurityScheme 结构体
+fn test_openapi_security_scheme() bool {
+	scheme := hono.OpenAPISecurityScheme{
+		scheme_type: 'http'
+		description: 'Bearer token authentication'
+		scheme: 'bearer'
+		bearer_format: 'JWT'
+	}
+	return scheme.scheme_type == 'http' && 
+		scheme.scheme == 'bearer' && 
+		scheme.bearer_format == 'JWT'
+}
+
+// 测试 12: OpenAPIComponents 结构体
+fn test_openapi_components() bool {
+	components := hono.OpenAPIComponents{
+		schemas: {
+			'User': hono.OpenAPISchema{
+				schema_type: 'object'
+			}
+		}
+		security_schemes: {
+			'bearerAuth': hono.OpenAPISecurityScheme{
+				scheme_type: 'http'
+				scheme: 'bearer'
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 'User' in components.schemas && 
+		'bearerAuth' in components.security_schemes
+}
+
+// 测试 13: OpenAPIDocument 结构体
+fn test_openapi_document() bool {
+	doc := hono.OpenAPIDocument{
+		openapi: '3.0.0'
+		info: hono.OpenAPIInfo{
+			title: 'My API'
+			version: '1.0.0'
+		}
+		servers: [
+			hono.OpenAPIServer{
+				url: 'https://api.example.com'
+			}
+		]
+		paths: {
+			'/users': hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+				get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+					summary: 'List users'
+					responses: {
+						'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{
+							description: 'Success'
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		tags: [
+			hono.OpenAPITag{
+				name: 'users'
+			}
+		]
+	}
+	return doc.openapi == '3.0.0' && 
+		doc.info.title == 'My API' && 
+		'/users' in doc.paths
+}
+
+// 测试 14: 参数位置支持 (path, query, header, cookie)
+fn test_parameter_locations() bool {
+	locations := ['path', 'query', 'header', 'cookie']
+	for loc in locations {
+		param := hono.OpenAPIParameter{
+			name: 'test'
+			in_location: loc
+		}
+		if param.in_location != loc {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// 测试 15: HTTP 方法支持
+fn test_http_methods() bool {
+	path_item := hono.OpenAPIPathItem{
+		get: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'GET'
+			responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+		}
+		post: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'POST'
+			responses: {'201': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'Created'}}
+		}
+		put: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'PUT'
+			responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+		}
+		delete: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'DELETE'
+			responses: {'204': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'No Content'}}
+		}
+		patch: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'PATCH'
+			responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+		}
+		head: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'HEAD'
+			responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+		}
+		options: hono.OpenAPIOperation{
+			summary: 'OPTIONS'
+			responses: {'200': hono.OpenAPIResponse{description: 'OK'}}
+		}
+	}
+	return path_item.get.summary == 'GET' && 
+		path_item.post.summary == 'POST' && 
+		path_item.put.summary == 'PUT' && 
+		path_item.delete.summary == 'DELETE' && 
+		path_item.patch.summary == 'PATCH' && 
+		path_item.head.summary == 'HEAD' && 
+		path_item.options.summary == 'OPTIONS'
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🚀 开始 OpenAPI 数据结构测试...\n')
+
+	mut stats := TestStats{}
+
+	// 运行所有测试
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIContact 结构体', test_openapi_contact)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPILicense 结构体', test_openapi_license)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIInfo 结构体', test_openapi_info)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIServer 结构体', test_openapi_server)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPITag 结构体', test_openapi_tag)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIParameter 结构体', test_openapi_parameter)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIResponse 结构体', test_openapi_response)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIOperation 结构体', test_openapi_operation)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIPathItem 结构体', test_openapi_path_item)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPISchema 结构体', test_openapi_schema)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPISecurityScheme 结构体', test_openapi_security_scheme)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIComponents 结构体', test_openapi_components)
+	stats.run_test('OpenAPIDocument 结构体', test_openapi_document)
+	stats.run_test('参数位置支持', test_parameter_locations)
+	stats.run_test('HTTP 方法支持', test_http_methods)
+
+	// 打印测试总结
+	stats.print_summary()
+}

tests/test_route_extraction_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+// test_route_extraction_property.v - Property test for route extraction completeness
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 6: Route Extraction Completeness**
+// **Validates: Requirements 5.1, 5.2, 5.3**
+module main
+
+import hono
+import net.http
+import rand
+
+// Test data generators
+fn generate_random_path() string {
+	paths := [
+		'/',
+		'/users',
+		'/users/:id',
+		'/api/v1/items',
+		'/api/v1/items/:itemId',
+		'/posts/:postId/comments/:commentId',
+		'/products/:productId/reviews',
+		'/admin/settings',
+		'/health',
+		'/api/users/:userId/orders/:orderId/items',
+	]
+	return paths[rand.intn(paths.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+fn generate_random_method() string {
+	methods := ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS']
+	return methods[rand.intn(methods.len) or { 0 }]
+}
+
+// Simple handler for testing
+fn test_handler(mut c hono.Context) http.Response {
+	return c.text('OK')
+}
+
+// Property 6: Route Extraction Completeness
+// *For any* Hono application with registered routes (including sub-applications),
+// calling get_routes() SHALL return all routes with correct paths, methods, and path parameters.
+fn test_property_route_extraction_completeness() {
+	println('Property 6: Route Extraction Completeness')
+	println('Testing that get_routes() returns all registered routes with correct information...')
+	
+	// Test 1: Basic routes extraction
+	{
+		mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+		
+		// Register routes with different methods
+		app.get('/users', test_handler)
+		app.post('/users', test_handler)
+		app.get('/users/:id', test_handler)
+		app.put('/users/:id', test_handler)
+		app.delete('/users/:id', test_handler)
+		
+		routes := app.get_routes()
+		
+		// Verify all routes are extracted
+		assert routes.len == 5, 'Expected 5 routes, got ${routes.len}'
+		
+		// Verify methods are correct
+		mut methods := map[string]int{}
+		for route in routes {
+			methods[route.method]++
+		}
+		assert methods['GET'] == 2, 'Expected 2 GET routes'
+		assert methods['POST'] == 1, 'Expected 1 POST route'
+		assert methods['PUT'] == 1, 'Expected 1 PUT route'
+		assert methods['DELETE'] == 1, 'Expected 1 DELETE route'
+		
+		println('  ✅ Basic routes extraction: PASSED')
+	}
+	
+	// Test 2: Path parameters extraction
+	{
+		mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+		
+		app.get('/users/:userId', test_handler)
+		app.get('/posts/:postId/comments/:commentId', test_handler)
+		app.get('/api/v1/items/:itemId/reviews/:reviewId', test_handler)
+		
+		routes := app.get_routes()
+		
+		// Find routes and verify path parameters
+		for route in routes {
+			if route.path == '/users/:userId' {
+				assert route.path_params.len == 1, 'Expected 1 path param for /users/:userId'
+				assert 'userId' in route.path_params, 'Expected userId in path params'
+			} else if route.path == '/posts/:postId/comments/:commentId' {
+				assert route.path_params.len == 2, 'Expected 2 path params for /posts/:postId/comments/:commentId'
+				assert 'postId' in route.path_params, 'Expected postId in path params'
+				assert 'commentId' in route.path_params, 'Expected commentId in path params'
+			} else if route.path == '/api/v1/items/:itemId/reviews/:reviewId' {
+				assert route.path_params.len == 2, 'Expected 2 path params'
+				assert 'itemId' in route.path_params, 'Expected itemId in path params'
+				assert 'reviewId' in route.path_params, 'Expected reviewId in path params'
+			}
+		}
+		
+		println('  ✅ Path parameters extraction: PASSED')
+	}
+	
+	// Test 3: All HTTP methods support
+	{
+		mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+		
+		app.get('/test', test_handler)
+		app.post('/test', test_handler)
+		app.put('/test', test_handler)
+		app.delete('/test', test_handler)
+		app.patch('/test', test_handler)
+		app.head('/test', test_handler)
+		app.options('/test', test_handler)
+		
+		routes := app.get_routes()
+		
+		// Verify all 7 HTTP methods are present
+		mut found_methods := map[string]bool{}
+		for route in routes {
+			found_methods[route.method] = true
+		}
+		
+		assert found_methods['GET'], 'GET method not found'
+		assert found_methods['POST'], 'POST method not found'
+		assert found_methods['PUT'], 'PUT method not found'
+		assert found_methods['DELETE'], 'DELETE method not found'
+		assert found_methods['PATCH'], 'PATCH method not found'
+		assert found_methods['HEAD'], 'HEAD method not found'
+		assert found_methods['OPTIONS'], 'OPTIONS method not found'
+		
+		println('  ✅ All HTTP methods support: PASSED')
+	}
+	
+	// Test 4: Sub-application routes extraction
+	{
+		mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+		mut subapp := hono.Hono.new()
+		
+		// Register routes in main app
+		app.get('/main', test_handler)
+		
+		// Register routes in sub-app
+		subapp.get('/items', test_handler)
+		subapp.get('/items/:id', test_handler)
+		subapp.post('/items', test_handler)
+		
+		// Mount sub-app
+		app.route('/api', mut subapp)
+		
+		routes := app.get_routes()
+		
+		// Verify main app route
+		mut found_main := false
+		for route in routes {
+			if route.path == '/main' && route.method == 'GET' {
+				found_main = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		assert found_main, 'Main app route /main not found'
+		
+		// Verify sub-app routes are included with prefix
+		mut found_api_items := false
+		mut found_api_items_id := false
+		mut found_api_items_post := false
+		
+		for route in routes {
+			if route.path == '/api/items' && route.method == 'GET' {
+				found_api_items = true
+			}
+			if route.path == '/api/items/:id' && route.method == 'GET' {
+				found_api_items_id = true
+				// Verify path params are extracted correctly
+				assert 'id' in route.path_params, 'Expected id in path params for /api/items/:id'
+			}
+			if route.path == '/api/items' && route.method == 'POST' {
+				found_api_items_post = true
+			}
+		}
+		
+		assert found_api_items, 'Sub-app route /api/items GET not found'
+		assert found_api_items_id, 'Sub-app route /api/items/:id GET not found'
+		assert found_api_items_post, 'Sub-app route /api/items POST not found'
+		
+		println('  ✅ Sub-application routes extraction: PASSED')
+	}
+	
+	// Test 5: Empty path parameters for static routes
+	{
+		mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+		
+		app.get('/static/path', test_handler)
+		app.get('/another/static', test_handler)
+		
+		routes := app.get_routes()
+		
+		for route in routes {
+			assert route.path_params.len == 0, 'Static route should have no path params'
+		}
+		
+		println('  ✅ Static routes have no path params: PASSED')
+	}
+	
+	// Test 6: Route handler is preserved
+	{
+		mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+		
+		app.get('/test', test_handler)
+		
+		routes := app.get_routes()
+		
+		assert routes.len == 1, 'Expected 1 route'
+		// Handler should not be nil (we can't directly compare functions, but we can check it exists)
+		// The handler field is of type IHandler which is an interface
+		
+		println('  ✅ Route handler preservation: PASSED')
+	}
+	
+	println('\n✅ Property 6: Route Extraction Completeness - ALL TESTS PASSED')
+}
+
+// Expected route structure for testing
+struct ExpectedRoute {
+	path   string
+	method string
+}
+
+// Property test with randomized inputs
+fn test_property_route_extraction_randomized() {
+	println('\nProperty 6 (Randomized): Route Extraction with Random Inputs')
+	
+	iterations := 100
+	mut passed := 0
+	
+	for i in 0 .. iterations {
+		mut app := hono.Hono.new()
+		
+		// Generate random number of routes (1-10)
+		num_routes := rand.intn(10) or { 1 } + 1
+		mut expected_routes := []ExpectedRoute{}
+		
+		for _ in 0 .. num_routes {
+			path := generate_random_path()
+			method := generate_random_method()
+			
+			// Register route based on method
+			match method {
+				'GET' { app.get(path, test_handler) }
+				'POST' { app.post(path, test_handler) }
+				'PUT' { app.put(path, test_handler) }
+				'DELETE' { app.delete(path, test_handler) }
+				'PATCH' { app.patch(path, test_handler) }
+				'HEAD' { app.head(path, test_handler) }
+				'OPTIONS' { app.options(path, test_handler) }
+				else {}
+			}
+			
+			expected_routes << ExpectedRoute{
+				path:   path
+				method: method
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// Get routes and verify
+		routes := app.get_routes()
+		
+		// Verify count matches
+		if routes.len != expected_routes.len {
+			println('  ❌ Iteration ${i}: Expected ${expected_routes.len} routes, got ${routes.len}')
+			continue
+		}
+		
+		// Verify all expected routes are present
+		mut all_found := true
+		for expected in expected_routes {
+			mut found := false
+			for route in routes {
+				if route.path == expected.path && route.method == expected.method {
+					found = true
+					
+					// Verify path params are correctly extracted
+					expected_params := extract_expected_params(expected.path)
+					if route.path_params.len != expected_params.len {
+						all_found = false
+						break
+					}
+					for param in expected_params {
+						if param !in route.path_params {
+							all_found = false
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if !found {
+				all_found = false
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		
+		if all_found {
+			passed++
+		}
+	}
+	
+	success_rate := f64(passed) / f64(iterations) * 100.0
+	println('  Passed: ${passed}/${iterations} (${success_rate:.1}%)')
+	
+	// Allow some tolerance for edge cases
+	assert passed >= iterations * 95 / 100, 'Property test failed: less than 95% success rate'
+	
+	println('✅ Property 6 (Randomized): PASSED')
+}
+
+// Helper function to extract expected path parameters from a path
+fn extract_expected_params(path string) []string {
+	mut params := []string{}
+	segments := path.split('/')
+	for segment in segments {
+		if segment.starts_with(':') && segment.len > 1 {
+			params << segment[1..]
+		}
+	}
+	return params
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('=' .repeat(70))
+	println('Property-Based Test: Route Extraction Completeness')
+	println('=' .repeat(70))
+	
+	test_property_route_extraction_completeness()
+	test_property_route_extraction_randomized()
+	
+	println('\n' + '=' .repeat(70))
+	println('All Property Tests Completed Successfully!')
+	println('=' .repeat(70))
+}

tests/test_swagger_ui_options_property.v

@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+// test_swagger_ui_options_property.v - Property-Based Test for Swagger UI Options
+// **Feature: swagger-ui, Property 2: Swagger UI Options Appear in Generated HTML**
+// **Validates: Requirements 1.5, 4.2, 4.3, 4.5**
+//
+// Property: For any SwaggerUIOptions configuration, all non-default option values 
+// SHALL appear in the generated HTML output in the appropriate locations 
+// (title in <title> tag, url in SwaggerUIBundle config, etc.).
+module main
+
+import hono
+import rand
+import time
+
+const property_test_iterations = 100
+
+struct PropertyTestStats {
+mut:
+	total_tests     int
+	passed_tests    int
+	failed_tests    int
+	failed_examples []string
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_pass() {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.passed_tests++
+}
+
+fn (mut stats PropertyTestStats) record_fail(example string) {
+	stats.total_tests++
+	stats.failed_tests++
+	stats.failed_examples << example
+}
+
+fn (stats PropertyTestStats) print_summary() {
+	println('\n=== Property Test Summary ===')
+	println('Total iterations: ${stats.total_tests}')
+	println('Passed: ${stats.passed_tests}')
+	println('Failed: ${stats.failed_tests}')
+
+	if stats.failed_tests == 0 {
+		println('🎉 Property test PASSED!')
+	} else {
+		println('❌ Property test FAILED!')
+		println('\nFailing examples:')
+		for i, example in stats.failed_examples {
+			if i >= 3 {
+				println('... and ${stats.failed_examples.len - 3} more')
+				break
+			}
+			println('  ${example}')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Random string generator for safe HTML content
+fn random_string(min_len int, max_len int) string {
+	chars := 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
+	len := rand.int_in_range(min_len, max_len + 1) or { min_len }
+	mut result := ''
+	for _ in 0 .. len {
+		idx := rand.int_in_range(0, chars.len) or { 0 }
+		result += chars[idx..idx + 1]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// Random URL path generator
+fn random_url_path() string {
+	return '/' + random_string(3, 10)
+}
+
+// Random doc expansion value
+fn random_doc_expansion() string {
+	values := ['list', 'full', 'none']
+	idx := rand.int_in_range(0, values.len) or { 0 }
+	return values[idx]
+}
+
+// Random integer in range
+fn random_int(min int, max int) int {
+	return rand.int_in_range(min, max + 1) or { min }
+}
+
+// Generate random SwaggerUIOptions
+fn generate_random_options() hono.SwaggerUIOptions {
+	return hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url:                         random_url_path()
+		title:                       random_string(5, 20)
+		deep_linking:                rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+		display_request_duration:    rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+		default_models_expand_depth: random_int(-1, 5)
+		doc_expansion:               random_doc_expansion()
+		filter:                      rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+		show_extensions:             rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+		show_common_extensions:      rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+		try_it_out_enabled:          rand.int_in_range(0, 2) or { 0 } == 1
+	}
+}
+
+// Test: Title appears in HTML <title> tag
+fn test_title_in_html(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected := '<title>${options.title}</title>'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: URL appears in SwaggerUIBundle config
+fn test_url_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected := 'url: "${options.url}"'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: deepLinking option appears correctly
+fn test_deep_linking_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected_value := if options.deep_linking { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	expected := 'deepLinking: ${expected_value}'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: displayRequestDuration option appears correctly
+fn test_display_request_duration_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected_value := if options.display_request_duration { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	expected := 'displayRequestDuration: ${expected_value}'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: defaultModelsExpandDepth option appears correctly
+fn test_default_models_expand_depth_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected := 'defaultModelsExpandDepth: ${options.default_models_expand_depth}'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: docExpansion option appears correctly
+fn test_doc_expansion_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected := 'docExpansion: "${options.doc_expansion}"'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: filter option appears correctly
+fn test_filter_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected_value := if options.filter { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	expected := 'filter: ${expected_value}'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: showExtensions option appears correctly
+fn test_show_extensions_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected_value := if options.show_extensions { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	expected := 'showExtensions: ${expected_value}'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: showCommonExtensions option appears correctly
+fn test_show_common_extensions_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected_value := if options.show_common_extensions { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	expected := 'showCommonExtensions: ${expected_value}'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: tryItOutEnabled option appears correctly
+fn test_try_it_out_enabled_in_config(options hono.SwaggerUIOptions, html string) bool {
+	expected_value := if options.try_it_out_enabled { 'true' } else { 'false' }
+	expected := 'tryItOutEnabled: ${expected_value}'
+	return html.contains(expected)
+}
+
+// Test: HTML is valid HTML5 document
+fn test_valid_html5_document(html string) bool {
+	has_doctype := html.contains('<!DOCTYPE html>')
+	has_html_tag := html.contains('<html') && html.contains('</html>')
+	has_head := html.contains('<head>') && html.contains('</head>')
+	has_body := html.contains('<body>') && html.contains('</body>')
+	has_charset := html.contains('charset="UTF-8"') || html.contains("charset='UTF-8'")
+	return has_doctype && has_html_tag && has_head && has_body && has_charset
+}
+
+// Test: Swagger UI CDN resources are included
+fn test_cdn_resources_included(html string) bool {
+	has_css := html.contains('https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui.css')
+	has_bundle_js := html.contains('https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-bundle.js')
+	has_standalone_js := html.contains('https://unpkg.com/swagger-ui-dist@5/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js')
+	return has_css && has_bundle_js && has_standalone_js
+}
+
+// Test: Custom CSS URL appears when provided
+fn test_custom_css_url_included() bool {
+	custom_url := 'https://example.com/custom.css'
+	options := hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url:            '/doc'
+		title:          'Test API'
+		custom_css_url: custom_url
+	}
+
+	handler := hono.swagger_ui(options)
+	mut ctx := hono.Context{}
+	response := handler(mut ctx)
+	html := response.body
+
+	return html.contains('href="${custom_url}"')
+}
+
+// Test: Custom JS URL appears when provided
+fn test_custom_js_url_included() bool {
+	custom_url := 'https://example.com/custom.js'
+	options := hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url:           '/doc'
+		title:         'Test API'
+		custom_js_url: custom_url
+	}
+
+	handler := hono.swagger_ui(options)
+	mut ctx := hono.Context{}
+	response := handler(mut ctx)
+	html := response.body
+
+	return html.contains('src="${custom_url}"')
+}
+
+// Test: Custom CSS inline appears when provided
+fn test_custom_css_inline_included() bool {
+	custom_css := '.swagger-ui { background: red; }'
+	options := hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url:        '/doc'
+		title:      'Test API'
+		custom_css: custom_css
+	}
+
+	handler := hono.swagger_ui(options)
+	mut ctx := hono.Context{}
+	response := handler(mut ctx)
+	html := response.body
+
+	return html.contains(custom_css)
+}
+
+// Test: Custom JS inline appears when provided
+fn test_custom_js_inline_included() bool {
+	custom_js := 'console.log("Custom JS loaded");'
+	options := hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url:       '/doc'
+		title:     'Test API'
+		custom_js: custom_js
+	}
+
+	handler := hono.swagger_ui(options)
+	mut ctx := hono.Context{}
+	response := handler(mut ctx)
+	html := response.body
+
+	return html.contains(custom_js)
+}
+
+// Test: Response has correct Content-Type
+fn test_response_content_type() bool {
+	options := hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url:   '/doc'
+		title: 'Test API'
+	}
+
+	handler := hono.swagger_ui(options)
+	mut ctx := hono.Context{}
+	response := handler(mut ctx)
+
+	content_type := response.header.get(.content_type) or { '' }
+	return content_type.contains('text/html')
+}
+
+// Test: Response status code is 200
+fn test_response_status_code() bool {
+	options := hono.SwaggerUIOptions{
+		url:   '/doc'
+		title: 'Test API'
+	}
+
+	handler := hono.swagger_ui(options)
+	mut ctx := hono.Context{}
+	response := handler(mut ctx)
+
+	return response.status_code == 200
+}
+
+// Property test: Swagger UI Options appear in generated HTML
+fn test_swagger_ui_options_property() PropertyTestStats {
+	mut stats := PropertyTestStats{}
+
+	println('Running Property 2: Swagger UI Options Appear in Generated HTML')
+	println('Iterations: ${property_test_iterations}')
+	println('')
+
+	for i in 0 .. property_test_iterations {
+		// Generate random options
+		options := generate_random_options()
+
+		// Generate HTML using the swagger_ui handler
+		handler := hono.swagger_ui(options)
+		mut ctx := hono.Context{}
+		response := handler(mut ctx)
+		html := response.body
+
+		// Test 1: Title in HTML
+		if test_title_in_html(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Title "${options.title}" not found in HTML')
+		}
+
+		// Test 2: URL in config
+		if test_url_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: URL "${options.url}" not found in config')
+		}
+
+		// Test 3: deepLinking
+		if test_deep_linking_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: deepLinking=${options.deep_linking} not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 4: displayRequestDuration
+		if test_display_request_duration_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: displayRequestDuration=${options.display_request_duration} not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 5: defaultModelsExpandDepth
+		if test_default_models_expand_depth_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: defaultModelsExpandDepth=${options.default_models_expand_depth} not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 6: docExpansion
+		if test_doc_expansion_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: docExpansion="${options.doc_expansion}" not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 7: filter
+		if test_filter_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: filter=${options.filter} not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 8: showExtensions
+		if test_show_extensions_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: showExtensions=${options.show_extensions} not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 9: showCommonExtensions
+		if test_show_common_extensions_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: showCommonExtensions=${options.show_common_extensions} not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 10: tryItOutEnabled
+		if test_try_it_out_enabled_in_config(options, html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: tryItOutEnabled=${options.try_it_out_enabled} not found')
+		}
+
+		// Test 11: Valid HTML5 document
+		if test_valid_html5_document(html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: Generated HTML is not a valid HTML5 document')
+		}
+
+		// Test 12: CDN resources included
+		if test_cdn_resources_included(html) {
+			stats.record_pass()
+		} else {
+			stats.record_fail('Iteration ${i}: CDN resources not included')
+		}
+
+		// Progress indicator
+		if (i + 1) % 20 == 0 {
+			print('.')
+		}
+	}
+	println('')
+
+	// Additional specific tests (run once)
+	println('\nRunning additional specific tests...')
+
+	// Test custom CSS URL
+	if test_custom_css_url_included() {
+		stats.record_pass()
+	} else {
+		stats.record_fail('Custom CSS URL not included when provided')
+	}
+
+	// Test custom JS URL
+	if test_custom_js_url_included() {
+		stats.record_pass()
+	} else {
+		stats.record_fail('Custom JS URL not included when provided')
+	}
+
+	// Test custom CSS inline
+	if test_custom_css_inline_included() {
+		stats.record_pass()
+	} else {
+		stats.record_fail('Custom CSS inline not included when provided')
+	}
+
+	// Test custom JS inline
+	if test_custom_js_inline_included() {
+		stats.record_pass()
+	} else {
+		stats.record_fail('Custom JS inline not included when provided')
+	}
+
+	// Test response Content-Type
+	if test_response_content_type() {
+		stats.record_pass()
+	} else {
+		stats.record_fail('Response Content-Type is not text/html')
+	}
+
+	// Test response status code
+	if test_response_status_code() {
+		stats.record_pass()
+	} else {
+		stats.record_fail('Response status code is not 200')
+	}
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+fn main() {
+	println('🧪 Property-Based Test: Swagger UI Options Appear in Generated HTML')
+	println('====================================================================')
+	println('')
+
+	// Seed random number generator
+	rand.seed([u32(time.now().unix()), u32(time.now().unix() >> 32)])
+
+	stats := test_swagger_ui_options_property()
+	stats.print_summary()
+
+	// Exit with appropriate code
+	if stats.failed_tests > 0 {
+		exit(1)
+	}
+}

usockets/README.md

@@ -58,27 +58,28 @@ fn main() {
 ## Build Command
 
 ```bash
-v -enable-globals -cc gcc -ldflags "-ldbghelp" your_app.v -o app.exe
+# macOS / Linux
+v -enable-globals -prod -o app your_app.v
+./app
+
+# Windows (must use gcc, tcc does not support .a static library format)
+v -enable-globals -cc gcc -ldflags "-ldbghelp" -o app.exe your_app.v
+.\app.exe
 ```
 
 **Required flags:**
 - `-enable-globals` - Required for uSockets global state
-- `-cc gcc` - Use GCC compiler (MinGW-w64 on Windows)
+- `-cc gcc` - Use GCC compiler (MinGW-w64 on Windows, required because V's default compiler tcc does not support MinGW `.a` static library format)
-- `-ldflags "-ldbghelp"` - Fix Windows linking (Windows only)
+- `-ldflags "-ldbghelp"` - Required on Windows for libuv linking
 
-## Prerequisites (Windows)
+## Pre-compiled Libraries
 
-1. **GCC (MinGW-w64)**
+The uSockets library and libuv are pre-compiled and included in the `lib/{platform}/` directory:
-   ```powershell
-   scoop install mingw
-   # or
-   choco install mingw
-   ```
 
-2. **V Compiler** (0.4.x or later)
+- `lib/windows/` - Windows x64
-   ```powershell
+- `lib/linux/` - Linux x64
-   scoop install vlang
+- `lib/macos-arm64/` - macOS Apple Silicon
-   ```
+- `lib/macos-x64/` - macOS Intel
 
 ## Directory Structure
 
@@ -89,10 +90,15 @@ usockets/
 │   ├── uv.h           # libuv API
 │   └── uv/            # libuv headers
 ├── lib/               # Pre-compiled libraries
-│   ├── libusockets_full.a  # uSockets + libuv (main)
+│   ├── windows/       # Windows x64
-│   ├── libuv.a             # libuv static lib
+│   ├── linux/         # Linux x64
-│   └── ...
+│   ├── macos-arm64/   # macOS Apple Silicon
-└── usockets.v         # V bindings
+│   └── macos-x64/     # macOS Intel
+├── src/               # Modified source files
+│   └── bsd.c          # Modified with backlog=16384
+├── build.sh           # Build script
+├── usockets.v         # V bindings
+└── README.md          # This file
 ```
 
 ## Configuration
@@ -107,6 +113,104 @@ app.listen_usockets_with_config(meiseayoung.hono.UsocketsConfig{
 })
 ```
 
+## Building uSockets Library from Source
+
+If you need to rebuild the uSockets library (e.g., for a different platform or custom modifications), use the provided build script.
+
+### Build Prerequisites
+
+- **Git** - For cloning source repositories
+- **GCC** - C compiler
+- **CMake** - For building libuv
+- **ar** - Archive tool (included with GCC)
+
+#### Installing Prerequisites
+
+**macOS:**
+```bash
+xcode-select --install
+brew install cmake
+```
+
+**Linux (Ubuntu/Debian):**
+```bash
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install build-essential cmake git
+```
+
+**Linux (CentOS/RHEL):**
+```bash
+sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
+sudo yum install cmake git
+```
+
+**Windows (Git Bash/MSYS2):**
+```powershell
+# Install via Scoop
+scoop install mingw cmake git
+
+# Or via Chocolatey
+choco install mingw cmake git
+```
+
+### Running the Build Script
+
+```bash
+cd usockets
+chmod +x build.sh
+./build.sh
+```
+
+The script will:
+1. Clone uSockets and libuv repositories to `/tmp/`
+2. Apply the backlog=16384 modification for high concurrency
+3. Compile libuv as a static library
+4. Compile uSockets with libuv support
+5. Merge both libraries into `libusockets_full.a`
+6. Output to the appropriate `lib/{platform}/` directory
+
+### Build Script Details
+
+The build script (`build.sh`) automatically:
+- Detects your operating system (Windows/macOS/Linux)
+- Detects CPU architecture (x64/arm64 on macOS)
+- Applies the backlog modification from `src/bsd.c`
+- Compiles with optimizations (`-O3`)
+- Creates a merged static library containing both uSockets and libuv
+
+### Custom Modifications
+
+To customize the build:
+
+1. **Change backlog size**: Edit `src/bsd.c` and modify the `listen()` call
+2. **Enable SSL**: Remove `-DLIBUS_NO_SSL` from the build script and link OpenSSL
+3. **Use different event loop**: Modify `-DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV` flag
+
+### Troubleshooting Build Issues
+
+**CMake not found:**
+```bash
+# macOS
+brew install cmake
+
+# Linux
+sudo apt install cmake  # or sudo yum install cmake
+
+# Windows
+scoop install cmake
+```
+
+**GCC not found (Windows):**
+```powershell
+scoop install mingw
+# Make sure MinGW bin directory is in PATH
+```
+
+**Permission denied:**
+```bash
+chmod +x build.sh
+```
+
 ## Notes
 
 - On Windows, uSockets and picoev have similar performance

usockets/build.sh

@@ -1,13 +1,36 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # uSockets 编译脚本
-# 用于重新编译 libusockets_full.a
+# 用于重新编译 libusockets_full.a (包含 uSockets + libuv)
+# 支持: Windows (Git Bash/MSYS2), macOS (Intel/Apple Silicon), Linux
+# 输出到: usockets/lib/{platform}/libusockets_full.a
 
 set -e
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
 USOCKETS_DIR="/tmp/uSockets"
+LIBUV_DIR="/tmp/libuv"
+MERGE_DIR="/tmp/merge_libs"
 
 echo "=== uSockets 编译脚本 ==="
+echo "检测到系统: $OSTYPE"
+
+# 确定输出目录
+if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+    if [[ $(uname -m) == "arm64" ]]; then
+        OUTPUT_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/lib/macos-arm64"
+    else
+        OUTPUT_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/lib/macos-x64"
+    fi
+elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" || "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" || "$OSTYPE" == "mingw"* ]]; then
+    OUTPUT_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/lib/windows"
+elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux"* ]]; then
+    OUTPUT_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/lib/linux"
+else
+    OUTPUT_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/lib/linux"
+fi
+
+echo "输出目录: $OUTPUT_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"
 
 # 检查是否有 uSockets 源码
 if [ ! -d "$USOCKETS_DIR" ]; then
@@ -15,41 +38,85 @@ if [ ! -d "$USOCKETS_DIR" ]; then
     git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/uNetworking/uSockets.git "$USOCKETS_DIR"
 fi
 
+# 检查是否有 libuv 源码
+if [ ! -d "$LIBUV_DIR" ]; then
+    echo "克隆 libuv..."
+    git clone --depth 1 --branch v1.48.0 https://github.com/libuv/libuv.git "$LIBUV_DIR"
+fi
+
 # 应用 backlog 修改
 echo "应用 backlog=16384 修改..."
 if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/src/bsd.c" ]; then
     cp "$SCRIPT_DIR/src/bsd.c" "$USOCKETS_DIR/src/bsd.c"
 else
-    # 如果没有本地修改的源码，直接修改
     sed -i.bak 's/listen(listenFd, 512)/listen(listenFd, 16384)/g' "$USOCKETS_DIR/src/bsd.c"
 fi
 
-# 编译
+# 编译 libuv
+compile_libuv() {
+    echo "编译 libuv..."
+    cd "$LIBUV_DIR"
+    rm -rf build 2>/dev/null || true
+    mkdir -p build
+    cd build
+    
+    if ! command -v cmake &> /dev/null; then
+        echo "错误: 需要安装 cmake"
+        echo "  macOS: brew install cmake"
+        echo "  Linux: sudo apt install cmake 或 sudo yum install cmake"
+        echo "  Windows: scoop install cmake 或 choco install cmake"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    
+    if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" || "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" || "$OSTYPE" == "mingw"* ]]; then
+        cmake .. -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DLIBUV_BUILD_SHARED=OFF
+    else
+        cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DLIBUV_BUILD_SHARED=OFF
+    fi
+    
+    cmake --build . --config Release
+}
+
+# 编译 uSockets
+compile_usockets() {
     echo "编译 uSockets..."
     cd "$USOCKETS_DIR"
-make clean
+    rm -f *.o *.a 2>/dev/null || true
     
-# 根据系统选择编译参数
+    gcc -DLIBUS_NO_SSL -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV -std=c11 -Isrc -I"$LIBUV_DIR/include" -O3 -c src/*.c src/eventing/*.c src/crypto/*.c
-if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+    ar rcs uSockets.a *.o
-    # macOS
+    rm -f *.o
-    if [[ $(uname -m) == "arm64" ]]; then
+}
-        # Apple Silicon
-        WITH_LIBUV=1 CFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/include" make
-    else
-        # Intel Mac
-        WITH_LIBUV=1 CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" make
-    fi
-else
-    # Linux
-    WITH_LIBUV=1 make
-fi
 
-# 复制到 v-hono
+# 合并库文件
-echo "复制库文件..."
+merge_libraries() {
-cp "$USOCKETS_DIR/uSockets.a" "$SCRIPT_DIR/../lib/libusockets_full.a"
+    echo "合并库文件..."
+    rm -rf "$MERGE_DIR"
+    mkdir -p "$MERGE_DIR"
     
-echo "=== 编译完成 ==="
+    cd "$MERGE_DIR"
-echo "库文件: $SCRIPT_DIR/../lib/libusockets_full.a"
+    ar x "$USOCKETS_DIR/uSockets.a"
+    ar x "$LIBUV_DIR/build/libuv.a"
+    
+    ar rcs "$OUTPUT_DIR/libusockets_full.a" *.o
+    
+    rm -rf "$MERGE_DIR"
+}
+
+# 执行编译
+compile_libuv
+compile_usockets
+merge_libraries
+
+# 显示结果
+LIB_SIZE=$(ls -lh "$OUTPUT_DIR/libusockets_full.a" | awk '{print $5}')
 echo ""
-echo "重新编译 v-hono 应用:"
+echo "=== 编译完成 ==="
-echo "  v -enable-globals -prod -o your_app your_app.v"
+echo "库文件: $OUTPUT_DIR/libusockets_full.a ($LIB_SIZE)"
+echo ""
+echo "编译 v-hono 应用:"
+if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" || "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" || "$OSTYPE" == "mingw"* ]]; then
+    echo "  v -enable-globals -cc gcc -ldflags \"-ldbghelp\" -o app.exe app.v"
+else
+    echo "  v -enable-globals -prod -o app app.v"
+fi

usockets/usockets.v

@@ -2,41 +2,36 @@ module usockets
 
 // 条件编译：根据操作系统选择正确的路径和库
 // @VMODROOT 指向包含 v.mod 的模块根目录 (v-hono/)
+// 预编译库按平台存放在 usockets/lib/{platform}/ 目录
 
 $if windows {
 	#flag -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV
 	#flag -DLIBUS_NO_SSL
 	#flag -I@VMODROOT/usockets/include
-	#flag -L@VMODROOT/usockets/lib
+	#flag -L@VMODROOT/usockets/lib/windows
-	#flag @VMODROOT/usockets/lib/libusockets_full.a
+	#flag @VMODROOT/usockets/lib/windows/libusockets_full.a
-	#flag -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -lpsapi -luserenv -lole32
+	#flag -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -lpsapi -luserenv -lole32 -ldbghelp
 } $else $if macos {
-	// macOS: 支持 Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3) 和 Intel Mac
 	#flag -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV
 	#flag -DLIBUS_NO_SSL
-	
-	// libuv 路径 - 根据架构选择 Homebrew 路径
-	$if arm64 {
-		#flag -I/opt/homebrew/include
-		#flag -L/opt/homebrew/lib
-	} $else {
-		#flag -I/usr/local/include
-		#flag -L/usr/local/lib
-	}
-	
-	// uSockets 库路径
 	#flag -I@VMODROOT/usockets/include
-	#flag -L@VMODROOT/usockets/lib
+	
-	#flag @VMODROOT/usockets/lib/libusockets_full.a
+	$if arm64 {
-	#flag -luv
+		// Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3)
+		#flag -L@VMODROOT/usockets/lib/macos-arm64
+		#flag @VMODROOT/usockets/lib/macos-arm64/libusockets_full.a
+	} $else {
+		// Intel Mac
+		#flag -L@VMODROOT/usockets/lib/macos-x64
+		#flag @VMODROOT/usockets/lib/macos-x64/libusockets_full.a
+	}
 } $else {
 	// Linux 和其他平台
 	#flag -DLIBUS_USE_LIBUV
 	#flag -DLIBUS_NO_SSL
 	#flag -I@VMODROOT/usockets/include
-	#flag -L@VMODROOT/usockets/lib
+	#flag -L@VMODROOT/usockets/lib/linux
-	#flag @VMODROOT/usockets/lib/libusockets_full.a
+	#flag @VMODROOT/usockets/lib/linux/libusockets_full.a
-	#flag -luv
 }
 
 #include "libusockets.h"
@@ -105,8 +100,6 @@ pub fn (ctx SocketContext) on_writable(h voidptr) { C.us_socket_context_on_writa
 pub fn (ctx SocketContext) on_timeout(h voidptr) { C.us_socket_context_on_timeout(0, ctx, h) }
 pub fn (ctx SocketContext) on_end(h voidptr) { C.us_socket_context_on_end(0, ctx, h) }
 pub fn (ctx SocketContext) listen(port int) ListenSocket {
-	// 参数: ssl=0, context, host=nil, port, options=LIBUS_LISTEN_DEFAULT(0), socket_ext_size=0
-	// 注意: backlog 是在 uSockets 库内部硬编码的，不通过此函数传递
 	return C.us_socket_context_listen(0, ctx, unsafe { nil }, port, 0, 0)
 }
 

usockets_server.v

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ fn handle_usockets_ws_upgrade(s usockets.Socket, raw_data string, route_match Co
 	// Check if this is a WebSocket upgrade response
 	if response.status_code != 101 {
 		// Not a WebSocket upgrade, send the response as-is
-		send_usockets_response(s, mutable_ctx, response)
+		send_usockets_response(s, mutable_ctx, response, true)
 		return false
 	}
 	
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ fn usockets_on_data(s usockets.Socket, data &char, length int) usockets.Socket {
 
 	// 解析 HTTP 请求
 	raw_data := unsafe { tos(&u8(data), length) }
-	method, path, query_map, body := parse_http_request_usockets(raw_data)
+	method, path, query_map, body, is_http11 := parse_http_request_usockets(raw_data)
 	
 	if method.len == 0 {
 		s.write_bytes('HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\nContent-Length: 11\r\n\r\nBad Request')
@@ -259,11 +259,11 @@ fn usockets_on_data(s usockets.Socket, data &char, length int) usockets.Socket {
 			// 优化1：零中间件快速路径
 			if !g_usockets_app.has_middlewares {
 				response := route_match.handler.handle(mut hono_ctx)
-				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response, is_http11)
 			} else {
 				middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_usockets_optimized(g_usockets_app, path)
 				response := exec_middlewares_usockets(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
-				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response, is_http11)
 			}
 			response_sent = true
 		}
@@ -289,11 +289,11 @@ fn usockets_on_data(s usockets.Socket, data &char, length int) usockets.Socket {
 			// 优化1：零中间件快速路径
 			if !g_usockets_app.has_middlewares {
 				response := route_match.handler.handle(mut hono_ctx)
-				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response, is_http11)
 			} else {
 				middlewares := get_middlewares_for_path_usockets_optimized(g_usockets_app, path)
 				response := exec_middlewares_usockets(0, middlewares, mut hono_ctx, route_match.handler)
-				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+				send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response, is_http11)
 			}
 			response_sent = true
 		}
@@ -305,9 +305,13 @@ fn usockets_on_data(s usockets.Socket, data &char, length int) usockets.Socket {
 
 		if handler := g_usockets_app.not_found_handler {
 			response := handler(mut hono_ctx)
-			send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response)
+			send_usockets_response(s, hono_ctx, response, is_http11)
 		} else {
-			s.write_bytes('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\nContent-Length: 9\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\n\r\nNot Found')
+			conn_header := if is_http11 { 'keep-alive' } else { 'close' }
+			s.write_bytes('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\nContent-Length: 9\r\nConnection: ${conn_header}\r\n\r\nNot Found')
+			if !is_http11 {
+				s.shutdown()
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -334,15 +338,17 @@ fn usockets_on_end(s usockets.Socket) usockets.Socket {
 
 // 解析 HTTP 请求 - 零分配优化版
 // 使用指针遍历避免创建临时数组
-fn parse_http_request_usockets(raw string) (string, string, map[string]string, string) {
+// 返回: (method, path, query_map, body, is_http11)
+fn parse_http_request_usockets(raw string) (string, string, map[string]string, string, bool) {
 	mut method := ''
 	mut path := ''
 	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
 	mut body := ''
+	mut is_http11 := true
 	
 	len := raw.len
 	if len == 0 {
-		return method, path, query_map, body
+		return method, path, query_map, body, is_http11
 	}
 	
 	// 1. 查找第一行结束位置（\r\n）
@@ -354,7 +360,7 @@ fn parse_http_request_usockets(raw string) (string, string, map[string]string, s
 		}
 	}
 	if line_end == -1 {
-		return method, path, query_map, body
+		return method, path, query_map, body, is_http11
 	}
 	
 	// 2. 解析 method（到第一个空格）
@@ -363,7 +369,7 @@ fn parse_http_request_usockets(raw string) (string, string, map[string]string, s
 		method_end++
 	}
 	if method_end == 0 || method_end >= line_end {
-		return method, path, query_map, body
+		return method, path, query_map, body, is_http11
 	}
 	method = raw[..method_end]
 	
@@ -391,7 +397,25 @@ fn parse_http_request_usockets(raw string) (string, string, map[string]string, s
 		path = raw[path_start..path_end]
 	}
 	
-	// 4. 查找 body（\r\n\r\n 之后）
+	// 4. 检测 HTTP 版本 - "HTTP/1.0" vs "HTTP/1.1"
+	// 请求行格式: "GET /path HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+	// HTTP/1.x 版本字符串固定为 8 字符，直接检查第 8 个字符
+	mut version_start := path_end + 1
+	for version_start < line_end && raw[version_start] == ` ` {
+		version_start++
+	}
+	// "HTTP/1.0" 或 "HTTP/1.1"，检查索引 7 的字符（0-based）
+	if version_start + 7 < line_end {
+		is_http11 = raw[version_start + 7] != `0`
+	}
+	
+	// 对于 HTTP/1.0，检查 Connection 头是否包含 keep-alive
+	// 参考 Go net/http: wantsHttp10KeepAlive() 只检查 Connection 头的值
+	if !is_http11 {
+		is_http11 = has_connection_keep_alive(raw, line_end, len)
+	}
+	
+	// 5. 查找 body（\r\n\r\n 之后）
 	for i in line_end .. len - 3 {
 		if raw[i] == `\r` && raw[i + 1] == `\n` && raw[i + 2] == `\r` && raw[i + 3] == `\n` {
 			if i + 4 < len {
@@ -401,10 +425,82 @@ fn parse_http_request_usockets(raw string) (string, string, map[string]string, s
 		}
 	}
 	
-	return method, path, query_map, body
+	return method, path, query_map, body, is_http11
 }
 
-// 快速解析 query string（单次遍历，避免 split）
+// 检查 Connection 头是否包含 keep-alive（参考 Go net/http 实现）
+// 只检查 "Connection:" 头的值，避免误判请求体中的内容
+@[inline]
+fn has_connection_keep_alive(raw string, headers_start int, len int) bool {
+	mut i := headers_start
+	
+	// 遍历每一行头部
+	for i < len - 12 {  // 至少需要 "Connection:" + 一些值
+		// 跳过 \r\n
+		if raw[i] == `\r` && i + 1 < len && raw[i + 1] == `\n` {
+			i += 2
+			// 检查是否到达头部结束（空行）
+			if i < len - 1 && raw[i] == `\r` && raw[i + 1] == `\n` {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		
+		// 检查是否是 "Connection:" 头（不区分大小写）
+		if (raw[i] == `C` || raw[i] == `c`) && i + 11 < len {
+			// 检查 "onnection:"
+			if (raw[i+1] == `o` || raw[i+1] == `O`) &&
+			   (raw[i+2] == `n` || raw[i+2] == `N`) &&
+			   (raw[i+3] == `n` || raw[i+3] == `N`) &&
+			   (raw[i+4] == `e` || raw[i+4] == `E`) &&
+			   (raw[i+5] == `c` || raw[i+5] == `C`) &&
+			   (raw[i+6] == `t` || raw[i+6] == `T`) &&
+			   (raw[i+7] == `i` || raw[i+7] == `I`) &&
+			   (raw[i+8] == `o` || raw[i+8] == `O`) &&
+			   (raw[i+9] == `n` || raw[i+9] == `N`) &&
+			   raw[i+10] == `:` {
+				// 找到 Connection 头，检查值是否包含 keep-alive
+				mut value_start := i + 11
+				// 跳过空格
+				for value_start < len && raw[value_start] == ` ` {
+					value_start++
+				}
+				// 查找行尾
+				mut value_end := value_start
+				for value_end < len && raw[value_end] != `\r` && raw[value_end] != `\n` {
+					value_end++
+				}
+				// 在值中查找 "keep-alive"（不区分大小写）
+				return contains_keep_alive_token(raw, value_start, value_end)
+			}
+		}
+		i++
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// 检查字符串片段是否包含 keep-alive token
+@[inline]
+fn contains_keep_alive_token(raw string, start int, end int) bool {
+	// 查找 "keep-alive" 或 "Keep-Alive"（支持多值如 "keep-alive, upgrade"）
+	mut i := start
+	for i <= end - 10 {
+		if raw[i] == `k` || raw[i] == `K` {
+			if (raw[i+1] == `e` || raw[i+1] == `E`) &&
+			   (raw[i+2] == `e` || raw[i+2] == `E`) &&
+			   (raw[i+3] == `p` || raw[i+3] == `P`) &&
+			   raw[i+4] == `-` &&
+			   (raw[i+5] == `a` || raw[i+5] == `A`) &&
+			   (raw[i+6] == `l` || raw[i+6] == `L`) &&
+			   (raw[i+7] == `i` || raw[i+7] == `I`) &&
+			   (raw[i+8] == `v` || raw[i+8] == `V`) &&
+			   (raw[i+9] == `e` || raw[i+9] == `E`) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		i++
+	}
+	return false
+}// 快速解析 query string（单次遍历，避免 split）
 @[inline]
 fn parse_query_string_fast(raw string, start int, end int) map[string]string {
 	mut query_map := map[string]string{}
@@ -576,7 +672,7 @@ fn exec_middlewares_usockets(idx int, middlewares []ContextMiddleware, mut ctx C
 }
 
 // 发送 uSockets 响应 - 优化版
-fn send_usockets_response(s usockets.Socket, ctx Context, response http.Response) {
+fn send_usockets_response(s usockets.Socket, ctx Context, response http.Response, is_http11 bool) {
 	// Check if this is a streaming response
 	if is_streaming_response(ctx) {
 		// Handle streaming response
@@ -630,14 +726,25 @@ fn send_usockets_response(s usockets.Socket, ctx Context, response http.Response
 	resp.write_string(response.body.len.str())
 	resp.write_string('\r\n')
 
-	// Connection
+	// Connection - HTTP/1.0 用 close，HTTP/1.1 用 keep-alive
+	if is_http11 {
 		resp.write_string('Connection: keep-alive\r\n')
+	} else {
+		resp.write_string('Connection: close\r\n')
+	}
 
 	// 空行 + body
 	resp.write_string('\r\n')
 	resp.write_string(response.body)
 
 	s.write_bytes(resp.str())
+	
+	// HTTP/1.0 请求完成后关闭连接
+	// 只调用 shutdown() 发送 FIN，让 on_end 回调处理 close()
+	// 这样可以确保发送缓冲区的数据完全发送
+	if !is_http11 {
+		s.shutdown()
+	}
 }
 
 // ============================================================================

v.mod

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Module {
 	name: 'hono'
 	description: 'A high-performance V language web framework inspired by Hono.js, featuring hybrid routing, LRU cache, middleware support, and more.'
-	version: '0.7.2'
+	version: '0.8.0'
 	license: 'MIT'
 	dependencies: []
 }