Merge pull request #280 from bknd-io/feat/advanced-permissions

feat: advanced permissions (~RLS)

app/__test__/app/mcp/mcp.auth.test.ts

@@ -201,7 +201,10 @@ describe("mcp auth", async () => {
          },
          return_config: true,
       });
-      expect(addGuestRole.config.guest.permissions).toEqual(["read", "write"]);
+      expect(addGuestRole.config.guest.permissions.map((p) => p.permission)).toEqual([
+         "read",
+         "write",
+      ]);
 
       // update role
       await tool(server, "config_auth_roles_update", {
@@ -210,13 +213,15 @@ describe("mcp auth", async () => {
             permissions: ["read"],
          },
       });
-      expect(app.toJSON().auth.roles?.guest?.permissions).toEqual(["read"]);
+      expect(app.toJSON().auth.roles?.guest?.permissions?.map((p) => p.permission)).toEqual([
+         "read",
+      ]);
 
       // get role
       const getGuestRole = await tool(server, "config_auth_roles_get", {
          key: "guest",
       });
-      expect(getGuestRole.value.permissions).toEqual(["read"]);
+      expect(getGuestRole.value.permissions.map((p) => p.permission)).toEqual(["read"]);
 
       // remove role
       await tool(server, "config_auth_roles_remove", {

app/__test__/auth/authorize/authorize.spec.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,31 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test";
-import { Guard } from "../../../src/auth/authorize/Guard";
+import { Guard, type GuardConfig } from "auth/authorize/Guard";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { Role, type RoleSchema } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { objectTransform, s } from "bknd/utils";
+
+function createGuard(
+   permissionNames: string[],
+   roles?: Record<string, Omit<RoleSchema, "name">>,
+   config?: GuardConfig,
+) {
+   const _roles = roles
+      ? objectTransform(roles, ({ permissions = [], is_default, implicit_allow }, name) => {
+           return Role.create(name, { permissions, is_default, implicit_allow });
+        })
+      : {};
+   const _permissions = permissionNames.map((name) => new Permission(name));
+   return new Guard(_permissions, Object.values(_roles), config);
+}
 
 describe("authorize", () => {
+   const read = new Permission("read", {
+      filterable: true,
+   });
+   const write = new Permission("write");
+
    test("basic", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(
+      const guard = createGuard(
          ["read", "write"],
          {
             admin: {
@@ -16,14 +38,14 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
          role: "admin",
       };
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read", user)).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write", user)).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, user)).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, user)).toBeUndefined();
 
-      expect(() => guard.granted("something")).toThrow();
+      expect(() => guard.granted(new Permission("something"), {})).toThrow();
    });
 
    test("with default", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(
+      const guard = createGuard(
          ["read", "write"],
          {
             admin: {
@@ -37,26 +59,26 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
          { enabled: true },
       );
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read")).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write")).toBe(false);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, {})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(() => guard.granted(write, {})).toThrow();
 
       const user = {
          role: "admin",
       };
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read", user)).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write", user)).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, user)).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, user)).toBeUndefined();
    });
 
    test("guard implicit allow", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create([], {}, { enabled: false });
+      const guard = createGuard([], {}, { enabled: false });
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read")).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write")).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, {})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, {})).toBeUndefined();
    });
 
    test("role implicit allow", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(["read", "write"], {
+      const guard = createGuard(["read", "write"], {
          admin: {
             implicit_allow: true,
          },
@@ -66,12 +88,12 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
          role: "admin",
       };
 
-      expect(guard.granted("read", user)).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write", user)).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, user)).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, user)).toBeUndefined();
    });
 
    test("guard with guest role implicit allow", async () => {
-      const guard = Guard.create(["read", "write"], {
+      const guard = createGuard(["read", "write"], {
          guest: {
             implicit_allow: true,
             is_default: true,
@@ -79,7 +101,143 @@ describe("authorize", () => {
       });
 
       expect(guard.getUserRole()?.name).toBe("guest");
-      expect(guard.granted("read")).toBe(true);
-      expect(guard.granted("write")).toBe(true);
+      expect(guard.granted(read, {})).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(guard.granted(write, {})).toBeUndefined();
+   });
+
+   describe("cases", () => {
+      test("guest none, member deny if user.enabled is false", () => {
+         const guard = createGuard(
+            ["read"],
+            {
+               guest: {
+                  is_default: true,
+               },
+               member: {
+                  permissions: [
+                     {
+                        permission: "read",
+                        policies: [
+                           {
+                              condition: {},
+                              effect: "filter",
+                              filter: {
+                                 type: "member",
+                              },
+                           },
+                           {
+                              condition: {
+                                 "user.enabled": false,
+                              },
+                              effect: "deny",
+                           },
+                        ],
+                     },
+                  ],
+               },
+            },
+            { enabled: true },
+         );
+
+         expect(() => guard.granted(read, { role: "guest" })).toThrow();
+
+         // member is allowed, because default role permission effect is allow
+         // and no deny policy is met
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member" })).toBeUndefined();
+
+         // member is allowed, because deny policy is not met
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member", enabled: true })).toBeUndefined();
+
+         // member is denied, because deny policy is met
+         expect(() => guard.granted(read, { role: "member", enabled: false })).toThrow();
+
+         // get the filter for member role
+         expect(guard.filters(read, { role: "member" }).filter).toEqual({
+            type: "member",
+         });
+
+         // get filter for guest
+         expect(guard.filters(read, {}).filter).toBeUndefined();
+      });
+
+      test("guest should only read posts that are public", () => {
+         const read = new Permission(
+            "read",
+            {
+               // make this permission filterable
+               // without this, `filter` policies have no effect
+               filterable: true,
+            },
+            // expect the context to match this schema
+            // otherwise exit with 500 to ensure proper policy checking
+            s.object({
+               entity: s.string(),
+            }),
+         );
+         const guard = createGuard(
+            ["read"],
+            {
+               guest: {
+                  // this permission is applied if no (or invalid) role is provided
+                  is_default: true,
+                  permissions: [
+                     {
+                        permission: "read",
+                        // effect deny means only having this permission, doesn't guarantee access
+                        effect: "deny",
+                        policies: [
+                           {
+                              // only if this condition is met
+                              condition: {
+                                 entity: {
+                                    $in: ["posts"],
+                                 },
+                              },
+                              // the effect is allow
+                              effect: "allow",
+                           },
+                           {
+                              condition: {
+                                 entity: "posts",
+                              },
+                              effect: "filter",
+                              filter: {
+                                 public: true,
+                              },
+                           },
+                        ],
+                     },
+                  ],
+               },
+               // members should be allowed to read all
+               member: {
+                  permissions: [
+                     {
+                        permission: "read",
+                     },
+                  ],
+               },
+            },
+            { enabled: true },
+         );
+
+         // guest can only read posts
+         expect(guard.granted(read, {}, { entity: "posts" })).toBeUndefined();
+         expect(() => guard.granted(read, {}, { entity: "users" })).toThrow();
+
+         // and guests can only read public posts
+         expect(guard.filters(read, {}, { entity: "posts" }).filter).toEqual({
+            public: true,
+         });
+
+         // member can read posts and users
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member" }, { entity: "posts" })).toBeUndefined();
+         expect(guard.granted(read, { role: "member" }, { entity: "users" })).toBeUndefined();
+
+         // member should not have a filter
+         expect(
+            guard.filters(read, { role: "member" }, { entity: "posts" }).filter,
+         ).toBeUndefined();
+      });
    });
 });

app/__test__/auth/authorize/data.permissions.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import { createApp } from "core/test/utils";
+import type { CreateAppConfig } from "App";
+import * as proto from "data/prototype";
+import { mergeObject } from "core/utils/objects";
+import type { App, DB } from "bknd";
+import type { CreateUserPayload } from "auth/AppAuth";
+import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
+
+beforeAll(() => disableConsoleLog());
+afterAll(() => enableConsoleLog());
+
+async function makeApp(config: Partial<CreateAppConfig["config"]> = {}) {
+   const app = createApp({
+      config: mergeObject(
+         {
+            data: proto
+               .em(
+                  {
+                     users: proto.systemEntity("users", {}),
+                     posts: proto.entity("posts", {
+                        title: proto.text(),
+                        content: proto.text(),
+                     }),
+                     comments: proto.entity("comments", {
+                        content: proto.text(),
+                     }),
+                  },
+                  ({ relation }, { users, posts, comments }) => {
+                     relation(posts).manyToOne(users);
+                     relation(comments).manyToOne(posts);
+                  },
+               )
+               .toJSON(),
+            auth: {
+               enabled: true,
+               jwt: {
+                  secret: "secret",
+               },
+            },
+         },
+         config,
+      ),
+   });
+   await app.build();
+
+   return app;
+}
+
+async function createUsers(app: App, users: CreateUserPayload[]) {
+   return Promise.all(
+      users.map(async (user) => {
+         return await app.createUser(user);
+      }),
+   );
+}
+
+async function loadFixtures(app: App, fixtures: Record<string, any[]> = {}) {
+   const results = {} as any;
+   for (const [entity, data] of Object.entries(fixtures)) {
+      results[entity] = await app.em
+         .mutator(entity as any)
+         .insertMany(data)
+         .then((result) => result.data);
+   }
+   return results;
+}
+
+describe("data permissions", async () => {
+   const app = await makeApp({
+      server: {
+         mcp: {
+            enabled: true,
+         },
+      },
+      auth: {
+         guard: {
+            enabled: true,
+         },
+         roles: {
+            guest: {
+               is_default: true,
+               permissions: [
+                  {
+                     permission: "system.access.api",
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.read",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: {
+                              entity: "posts",
+                           },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.create",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: {
+                              entity: "posts",
+                           },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.update",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: {
+                              entity: "posts",
+                           },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+                  {
+                     permission: "data.entity.delete",
+                     policies: [
+                        {
+                           condition: { entity: "posts" },
+                        },
+                        {
+                           condition: { entity: "posts" },
+                           effect: "filter",
+                           filter: {
+                              users_id: { $isnull: 1 },
+                           },
+                        },
+                     ],
+                  },
+               ],
+            },
+         },
+      },
+   });
+   const users = [
+      { email: "foo@example.com", password: "password" },
+      { email: "bar@example.com", password: "password" },
+   ];
+   const fixtures = {
+      posts: [
+         { content: "post 1", users_id: 1 },
+         { content: "post 2", users_id: 2 },
+         { content: "post 3", users_id: null },
+      ],
+      comments: [
+         { content: "comment 1", posts_id: 1 },
+         { content: "comment 2", posts_id: 2 },
+         { content: "comment 3", posts_id: 3 },
+      ],
+   };
+   await createUsers(app, users);
+   const results = await loadFixtures(app, fixtures);
+
+   describe("http", async () => {
+      it("read many", async () => {
+         // many only includes posts with users_id is null
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts");
+         const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+         expect(data).toEqual([results.posts[2]]);
+
+         // same with /query
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/query", {
+               method: "POST",
+            });
+            const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+            expect(data).toEqual([results.posts[2]]);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("read one", async () => {
+         // one only includes posts with users_id is null
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1");
+            const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+            expect(res.status).toBe(404);
+            expect(data).toBeUndefined();
+         }
+
+         // read one by allowed id
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/3");
+            const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+            expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+            expect(data).toEqual(results.posts[2]);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("read many by reference", async () => {
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1/comments");
+         const data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data);
+         expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+         expect(data).toEqual(results.comments.filter((c: any) => c.posts_id === 1));
+      });
+
+      it("mutation create one", async () => {
+         // not allowed
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+               method: "POST",
+               body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 4" }),
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+         }
+         // allowed
+         {
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+               method: "POST",
+               body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 4", users_id: null }),
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(201);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("mutation update one", async () => {
+         // update one: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1", {
+            method: "PATCH",
+            body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 4" }),
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+
+         {
+            // update one: allowed
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/3", {
+               method: "PATCH",
+               body: JSON.stringify({ content: "post 3 (updated)" }),
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+            expect(await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data.content)).toBe("post 3 (updated)");
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("mutation update many", async () => {
+         // update many: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+            method: "PATCH",
+            headers: {
+               "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            },
+            body: JSON.stringify({
+               update: { content: "post 4" },
+               where: { users_id: { $isnull: 0 } },
+            }),
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(200); // because filtered
+         const _data = await res.json().then((r: any) => r.data.map((p: any) => p.users_id));
+         expect(_data.every((u: any) => u === null)).toBe(true);
+
+         // verify
+         const data = await app.em
+            .repo("posts")
+            .findMany({ select: ["content", "users_id"] })
+            .then((r) => r.data);
+
+         // expect non null users_id to not have content "post 4"
+         expect(
+            data.filter((p: any) => p.users_id !== null).every((p: any) => p.content !== "post 4"),
+         ).toBe(true);
+         // expect null users_id to have content "post 4"
+         expect(
+            data.filter((p: any) => p.users_id === null).every((p: any) => p.content === "post 4"),
+         ).toBe(true);
+      });
+
+      const count = async () => {
+         const {
+            data: { count: _count },
+         } = await app.em.repo("posts").count();
+         return _count;
+      };
+      it("mutation delete one", async () => {
+         const initial = await count();
+
+         // delete one: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/1", {
+            method: "DELETE",
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+         expect(await count()).toBe(initial);
+
+         {
+            // delete one: allowed
+            const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts/3", {
+               method: "DELETE",
+            });
+            expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+            expect(await count()).toBe(initial - 1);
+         }
+      });
+
+      it("mutation delete many", async () => {
+         // delete many: not allowed
+         const res = await app.server.request("/api/data/entity/posts", {
+            method: "DELETE",
+            headers: {
+               "Content-Type": "application/json",
+            },
+            body: JSON.stringify({
+               where: {},
+            }),
+         });
+         expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+
+         // only deleted posts with users_id is null
+         const remaining = await app.em
+            .repo("posts")
+            .findMany()
+            .then((r) => r.data);
+         expect(remaining.every((p: any) => p.users_id !== null)).toBe(true);
+      });
+   });
+});

app/__test__/auth/authorize/http/SystemController.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "bun:test";
+import { SystemController } from "modules/server/SystemController";
+import { createApp } from "core/test/utils";
+import type { CreateAppConfig } from "App";
+import { getPermissionRoutes } from "auth/middlewares/permission.middleware";
+
+async function makeApp(config: Partial<CreateAppConfig> = {}) {
+   const app = createApp(config);
+   await app.build();
+   return app;
+}
+
+describe.skip("SystemController", () => {
+   it("...", async () => {
+      const app = await makeApp();
+      const controller = new SystemController(app);
+      const hono = controller.getController();
+      console.log(getPermissionRoutes(hono));
+   });
+});

app/__test__/auth/authorize/permissions.spec.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "bun:test";
+import { s } from "bknd/utils";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { Policy } from "auth/authorize/Policy";
+import { Hono } from "hono";
+import { getPermissionRoutes, permission } from "auth/middlewares/permission.middleware";
+import { auth } from "auth/middlewares/auth.middleware";
+import { Guard, type GuardConfig } from "auth/authorize/Guard";
+import { Role, RolePermission } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { Exception } from "bknd";
+
+describe("Permission", () => {
+   it("works with minimal schema", () => {
+      expect(() => new Permission("test")).not.toThrow();
+   });
+
+   it("parses context", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test3",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.string(),
+         }),
+      );
+
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(() => p.parseContext({ a: [] })).toThrow();
+      expect(p.parseContext({ a: "test" })).toEqual({ a: "test" });
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      expect(p.parseContext({ a: 1 })).toEqual({ a: "1" });
+   });
+});
+
+describe("Policy", () => {
+   it("works with minimal schema", () => {
+      expect(() => new Policy().toJSON()).not.toThrow();
+   });
+
+   it("checks condition", () => {
+      const p = new Policy({
+         condition: {
+            a: 1,
+         },
+      });
+
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: 1 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: 2 })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: 1, b: 1 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({})).toBe(false);
+
+      const p2 = new Policy({
+         condition: {
+            a: { $gt: 1 },
+            $or: {
+               b: { $lt: 2 },
+            },
+         },
+      });
+
+      expect(p2.meetsCondition({ a: 2 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p2.meetsCondition({ a: 1 })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p2.meetsCondition({ a: 1, b: 1 })).toBe(true);
+   });
+
+   it("filters", () => {
+      const p = new Policy({
+         filter: {
+            age: { $gt: 18 },
+         },
+      });
+      const subjects = [{ age: 19 }, { age: 17 }, { age: 12 }];
+
+      expect(p.getFiltered(subjects)).toEqual([{ age: 19 }]);
+
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ age: 19 })).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ age: 17 })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ age: 12 })).toBe(false);
+   });
+
+   it("replaces placeholders", () => {
+      const p = new Policy({
+         condition: {
+            a: "@auth.username",
+         },
+         filter: {
+            a: "@auth.username",
+         },
+      });
+      const vars = { auth: { username: "test" } };
+
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: "test" }, vars)).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: "test2" }, vars)).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsCondition({ a: "test2" })).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ a: "test" }, vars)).toBe(true);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ a: "test2" }, vars)).toBe(false);
+      expect(p.meetsFilter({ a: "test2" })).toBe(false);
+   });
+});
+
+describe("Guard", () => {
+   it("collects filters", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number(),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: { a: { $eq: 1 } },
+               filter: { foo: "bar" },
+               effect: "filter",
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const guard = new Guard([p], [r], {
+         enabled: true,
+      });
+      expect(guard.filters(p, { role: r.name }, { a: 1 }).filter).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+      expect(guard.filters(p, { role: r.name }, { a: 2 }).filter).toBeUndefined();
+      // if no user context given, filter cannot be applied
+      expect(guard.filters(p, {}, { a: 1 }).filter).toBeUndefined();
+   });
+
+   it("collects filters for default role", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number(),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role(
+         "test",
+         [
+            new RolePermission(p, [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: { a: { $eq: 1 } },
+                  filter: { foo: "bar" },
+                  effect: "filter",
+               }),
+            ]),
+         ],
+         true,
+      );
+      const guard = new Guard([p], [r], {
+         enabled: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(
+         guard.filters(
+            p,
+            {
+               role: r.name,
+            },
+            { a: 1 },
+         ).filter,
+      ).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+      expect(
+         guard.filters(
+            p,
+            {
+               role: r.name,
+            },
+            { a: 2 },
+         ).filter,
+      ).toBeUndefined();
+      // if no user context given, the default role is applied
+      // hence it can be found
+      expect(guard.filters(p, {}, { a: 1 }).filter).toEqual({ foo: "bar" });
+   });
+});
+
+describe("permission middleware", () => {
+   const makeApp = (
+      permissions: Permission<any, any, any, any>[],
+      roles: Role[] = [],
+      config: Partial<GuardConfig> = {},
+   ) => {
+      const app = {
+         module: {
+            auth: {
+               enabled: true,
+            },
+         },
+         modules: {
+            ctx: () => ({
+               guard: new Guard(permissions, roles, {
+                  enabled: true,
+                  ...config,
+               }),
+            }),
+         },
+      };
+      return new Hono()
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("app", app);
+            await next();
+         })
+         .use(auth())
+         .onError((err, c) => {
+            if (err instanceof Exception) {
+               return c.json(err.toJSON(), err.code as any);
+            }
+            return c.json({ error: err.message }, "code" in err ? (err.code as any) : 500);
+         });
+   };
+
+   it("allows if guard is disabled", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [], { enabled: false }).get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) =>
+         c.text("test"),
+      );
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(await res.text()).toBe("test");
+   });
+
+   it("denies if guard is enabled", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const hono = makeApp([p]).get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+   });
+
+   it("allows if user has (plain) role", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const r = Role.create("test", { permissions: [p.name] });
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r])
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   it("allows if user has role with policy", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: {
+                  a: { $gte: 1 },
+               },
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r], {
+         context: {
+            a: 1,
+         },
+      })
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   it("denies if user with role doesn't meet condition", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission("test");
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(
+            p,
+            [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: {
+                     a: { $lt: 1 },
+                  },
+                  // default effect is allow
+               }),
+            ],
+            // change default effect to deny if no condition is met
+            "deny",
+         ),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r], {
+         context: {
+            a: 1,
+         },
+      })
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get("/test", permission(p, {}), async (c) => c.text("test"));
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(403);
+   });
+
+   it("allows if user with role doesn't meet condition (from middleware)", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {},
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number(),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: {
+                  a: { $eq: 1 },
+               },
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r])
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get(
+            "/test",
+            permission(p, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  a: 1,
+               }),
+            }),
+            async (c) => c.text("test"),
+         );
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+   });
+
+   it("throws if permission context is invalid", async () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {},
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number({ minimum: 2 }),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role("test", [
+         new RolePermission(p, [
+            new Policy({
+               condition: {
+                  a: { $eq: 1 },
+               },
+            }),
+         ]),
+      ]);
+      const hono = makeApp([p], [r])
+         .use(async (c, next) => {
+            // @ts-expect-error
+            c.set("auth", { registered: true, user: { id: 0, role: r.name } });
+            await next();
+         })
+         .get(
+            "/test",
+            permission(p, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  a: 1,
+               }),
+            }),
+            async (c) => c.text("test"),
+         );
+
+      const res = await hono.request("/test");
+      // expecting 500 because bknd should have handled it correctly
+      expect(res.status).toBe(500);
+   });
+
+   it("checks context on routes with permissions", async () => {
+      const make = (user: any) => {
+         const p = new Permission(
+            "test",
+            {},
+            s.object({
+               a: s.number(),
+            }),
+         );
+         const r = new Role("test", [
+            new RolePermission(p, [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: {
+                     a: { $eq: 1 },
+                  },
+               }),
+            ]),
+         ]);
+         return makeApp([p], [r])
+            .use(async (c, next) => {
+               // @ts-expect-error
+               c.set("auth", { registered: true, user });
+               await next();
+            })
+            .get(
+               "/valid",
+               permission(p, {
+                  context: (c) => ({
+                     a: 1,
+                  }),
+               }),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            )
+            .get(
+               "/invalid",
+               permission(p, {
+                  // @ts-expect-error
+                  context: (c) => ({
+                     b: "1",
+                  }),
+               }),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            )
+            .get(
+               "/invalid2",
+               permission(p, {
+                  // @ts-expect-error
+                  context: (c) => ({}),
+               }),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            )
+            .get(
+               "/invalid3",
+               // @ts-expect-error
+               permission(p),
+               async (c) => c.text("test"),
+            );
+      };
+
+      const hono = make({ id: 0, role: "test" });
+      const valid = await hono.request("/valid");
+      expect(valid.status).toBe(200);
+      const invalid = await hono.request("/invalid");
+      expect(invalid.status).toBe(500);
+      const invalid2 = await hono.request("/invalid2");
+      expect(invalid2.status).toBe(500);
+      const invalid3 = await hono.request("/invalid3");
+      expect(invalid3.status).toBe(500);
+
+      {
+         const hono = make(null);
+         const valid = await hono.request("/valid");
+         expect(valid.status).toBe(403);
+         const invalid = await hono.request("/invalid");
+         expect(invalid.status).toBe(500);
+         const invalid2 = await hono.request("/invalid2");
+         expect(invalid2.status).toBe(500);
+         const invalid3 = await hono.request("/invalid3");
+         expect(invalid3.status).toBe(500);
+      }
+   });
+});
+
+describe("Role", () => {
+   it("serializes and deserializes", () => {
+      const p = new Permission(
+         "test",
+         {
+            filterable: true,
+         },
+         s.object({
+            a: s.number({ minimum: 2 }),
+         }),
+      );
+      const r = new Role(
+         "test",
+         [
+            new RolePermission(p, [
+               new Policy({
+                  condition: {
+                     a: { $eq: 1 },
+                  },
+                  effect: "deny",
+                  filter: {
+                     b: { $lt: 1 },
+                  },
+               }),
+            ]),
+         ],
+         true,
+      );
+      const json = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(r.toJSON()));
+      const r2 = Role.create(p.name, json);
+      expect(r2.toJSON()).toEqual(r.toJSON());
+   });
+});

app/__test__/core/object/object-query.spec.ts

@@ -66,4 +66,14 @@ describe("object-query", () => {
          expect(result).toBe(expected);
       }
    });
+
+   test("paths", () => {
+      const result = validate({ "user.age": { $lt: 18 } }, { user: { age: 17 } });
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+   });
+
+   test("empty filters", () => {
+      const result = validate({}, { user: { age: 17 } });
+      expect(result).toBe(true);
+   });
 });

app/__test__/core/utils.spec.ts

@@ -194,6 +194,182 @@ describe("Core Utils", async () => {
             expect(result).toEqual(expected);
          }
       });
+
+      test("recursivelyReplacePlaceholders", () => {
+         // test basic replacement with simple pattern
+         const obj1 = { a: "Hello, {$name}!", b: { c: "Hello, {$name}!" } };
+         const variables1 = { name: "John" };
+         const result1 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj1, /\{\$(\w+)\}/g, variables1);
+         expect(result1).toEqual({ a: "Hello, John!", b: { c: "Hello, John!" } });
+
+         // test the specific example from the user request
+         const obj2 = { some: "value", here: "@auth.user" };
+         const variables2 = { auth: { user: "what" } };
+         const result2 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj2, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables2);
+         expect(result2).toEqual({ some: "value", here: "what" });
+
+         // test with arrays
+         const obj3 = { items: ["@config.name", "static", "@config.version"] };
+         const variables3 = { config: { name: "MyApp", version: "1.0.0" } };
+         const result3 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj3, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables3);
+         expect(result3).toEqual({ items: ["MyApp", "static", "1.0.0"] });
+
+         // test with nested objects and deep paths
+         const obj4 = {
+            user: "@auth.user.name",
+            settings: {
+               theme: "@ui.theme",
+               nested: {
+                  value: "@deep.nested.value",
+               },
+            },
+         };
+         const variables4 = {
+            auth: { user: { name: "Alice" } },
+            ui: { theme: "dark" },
+            deep: { nested: { value: "found" } },
+         };
+         const result4 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj4, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables4);
+         expect(result4).toEqual({
+            user: "Alice",
+            settings: {
+               theme: "dark",
+               nested: {
+                  value: "found",
+               },
+            },
+         });
+
+         // test with missing paths (should return original match)
+         const obj5 = { value: "@missing.path" };
+         const variables5 = { existing: "value" };
+         const result5 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj5, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables5);
+         expect(result5).toEqual({ value: "@missing.path" });
+
+         // test with non-matching strings (should remain unchanged)
+         const obj6 = { value: "normal string", other: "not@matching" };
+         const variables6 = { some: "value" };
+         const result6 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(obj6, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, variables6);
+         expect(result6).toEqual({ value: "normal string", other: "not@matching" });
+
+         // test with primitive values (should handle gracefully)
+         expect(
+            utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders("@test.value", /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, {
+               test: { value: "replaced" },
+            }),
+         ).toBe("replaced");
+         expect(utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(123, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, {})).toBe(123);
+         expect(utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(null, /^@([a-z\.]+)$/, {})).toBe(null);
+
+         // test type preservation for full string matches
+         const variables7 = { test: { value: 123, flag: true, data: null, arr: [1, 2, 3] } };
+         const result7 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            {
+               number: "@test.value",
+               boolean: "@test.flag",
+               nullValue: "@test.data",
+               array: "@test.arr",
+            },
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables7,
+            null,
+         );
+         expect(result7).toEqual({
+            number: 123,
+            boolean: true,
+            nullValue: null,
+            array: [1, 2, 3],
+         });
+
+         // test partial string replacement (should convert to string)
+         const result8 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            { message: "The value is @test.value!" },
+            /@([a-z\.]+)/g,
+            variables7,
+         );
+         expect(result8).toEqual({ message: "The value is 123!" });
+
+         // test with fallback parameter
+         const obj9 = { user: "@user.id", config: "@config.theme" };
+         const variables9 = {}; // empty context
+         const result9 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj9,
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables9,
+            null,
+         );
+         expect(result9).toEqual({ user: null, config: null });
+
+         // test with fallback for partial matches
+         const obj10 = { message: "Hello @user.name, welcome!" };
+         const variables10 = {}; // empty context
+         const result10 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj10,
+            /@([a-z\.]+)/g,
+            variables10,
+            "Guest",
+         );
+         expect(result10).toEqual({ message: "Hello Guest, welcome!" });
+
+         // test with different fallback types
+         const obj11 = {
+            stringFallback: "@missing.string",
+            numberFallback: "@missing.number",
+            booleanFallback: "@missing.boolean",
+            objectFallback: "@missing.object",
+         };
+         const variables11 = {};
+         const result11 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj11,
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables11,
+            "default",
+         );
+         expect(result11).toEqual({
+            stringFallback: "default",
+            numberFallback: "default",
+            booleanFallback: "default",
+            objectFallback: "default",
+         });
+
+         // test fallback with arrays
+         const obj12 = { items: ["@item1", "@item2", "static"] };
+         const variables12 = { item1: "found" }; // item2 is missing
+         const result12 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj12,
+            /^@([a-zA-Z0-9\.]+)$/,
+            variables12,
+            "missing",
+         );
+         expect(result12).toEqual({ items: ["found", "missing", "static"] });
+
+         // test fallback with nested objects
+         const obj13 = {
+            user: "@user.id",
+            settings: {
+               theme: "@theme.name",
+               nested: {
+                  value: "@deep.value",
+               },
+            },
+         };
+         const variables13 = {}; // empty context
+         const result13 = utils.recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+            obj13,
+            /^@([a-z\.]+)$/,
+            variables13,
+            null,
+         );
+         expect(result13).toEqual({
+            user: null,
+            settings: {
+               theme: null,
+               nested: {
+                  value: null,
+               },
+            },
+         });
+      });
    });
 
    describe("file", async () => {

app/__test__/data/data.test.ts

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ describe("some tests", async () => {
       const query = await em.repository(users).findId(1);
 
       expect(query.sql).toBe(
-         'select "users"."id" as "id", "users"."username" as "username", "users"."email" as "email" from "users" where "id" = ? limit ?',
+         'select "users"."id" as "id", "users"."username" as "username", "users"."email" as "email" from "users" where "id" = ? order by "users"."id" asc limit ? offset ?',
       );
-      expect(query.parameters).toEqual([1, 1]);
+      expect(query.parameters).toEqual([1, 1, 0]);
       expect(query.data).toBeUndefined();
    });
 

app/__test__/integration/auth.integration.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "bun:test";
 import { App, createApp, type AuthResponse } from "../../src";
-import { auth } from "../../src/auth/middlewares";
+import { auth } from "../../src/modules/middlewares";
 import { randomString, secureRandomString, withDisabledConsole } from "../../src/core/utils";
 import { disableConsoleLog, enableConsoleLog } from "core/utils/test";
 import { getDummyConnection } from "../helper";

app/package.json

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
     "hono": "4.8.3",
     "json-schema-library": "10.0.0-rc7",
     "json-schema-to-ts": "^3.1.1",
-    "jsonv-ts": "0.8.5",
+    "jsonv-ts": "0.9.1",
     "kysely": "0.27.6",
     "lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
     "oauth4webapi": "^2.11.1",

app/src/auth/AppAuth.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { DB, PrimaryFieldType } from "bknd";
 import * as AuthPermissions from "auth/auth-permissions";
 import type { AuthStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies/Strategy";
 import type { PasswordStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies/PasswordStrategy";
-import { $console, secureRandomString, transformObject } from "bknd/utils";
+import { $console, secureRandomString, transformObject, pickKeys } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { Entity, EntityManager } from "data/entities";
 import { em, entity, enumm, type FieldSchema } from "data/prototype";
 import { Module } from "modules/Module";
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
 
       // register roles
       const roles = transformObject(this.config.roles ?? {}, (role, name) => {
-         return Role.create({ name, ...role });
+         return Role.create(name, role);
       });
       this.ctx.guard.setRoles(Object.values(roles));
       this.ctx.guard.setConfig(this.config.guard ?? {});
@@ -113,6 +113,19 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
       return authConfigSchema;
    }
 
+   getGuardContextSchema() {
+      const userschema = this.getUsersEntity().toSchema() as any;
+      return {
+         type: "object",
+         properties: {
+            user: {
+               type: "object",
+               properties: pickKeys(userschema.properties, this.config.jwt.fields as any),
+            },
+         },
+      };
+   }
+
    get authenticator(): Authenticator {
       this.throwIfNotBuilt();
       return this._authenticator!;
@@ -210,10 +223,12 @@ export class AppAuth extends Module<AppAuthSchema> {
       }
 
       const strategies = this.authenticator.getStrategies();
+      const roles = Object.fromEntries(this.ctx.guard.getRoles().map((r) => [r.name, r.toJSON()]));
 
       return {
          ...this.config,
          ...this.authenticator.toJSON(secrets),
+         roles,
          strategies: transformObject(strategies, (strategy) => ({
             enabled: this.isStrategyEnabled(strategy),
             ...strategy.toJSON(secrets),

app/src/auth/api/AuthController.ts

@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       if (create) {
          hono.post(
             "/create",
-            permission([AuthPermissions.createUser, DataPermissions.entityCreate]),
+            permission(AuthPermissions.createUser, {}),
+            permission(DataPermissions.entityCreate, {
+               context: (c) => ({ entity: this.auth.config.entity_name }),
+            }),
             describeRoute({
                summary: "Create a new user",
                tags: ["auth"],
@@ -223,7 +226,6 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
 
       const roles = Object.keys(this.auth.config.roles ?? {});
       mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
          "auth_user_create",
          {
             description: "Create a new user",
@@ -238,14 +240,13 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
             }),
          },
          async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.createUser, c);
+            await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.createUser);
 
             return c.json(await this.auth.createUser(params));
          },
       );
 
       mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
          "auth_user_token",
          {
             description: "Get a user token",
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
             }),
          },
          async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.createToken, c);
+            await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.createToken);
 
             const user = await getUser(params);
             return c.json({ user, token: await this.auth.authenticator.jwt(user) });
@@ -263,7 +264,6 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       );
 
       mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
          "auth_user_password_change",
          {
             description: "Change a user's password",
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
             }),
          },
          async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.changePassword, c);
+            await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.changePassword);
 
             const user = await getUser(params);
             if (!(await this.auth.changePassword(user.id, params.password))) {
@@ -285,7 +285,6 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
       );
 
       mcp.tool(
-         // @todo: needs permission
          "auth_user_password_test",
          {
             description: "Test a user's password",
@@ -295,7 +294,7 @@ export class AuthController extends Controller {
             }),
          },
          async (params, c) => {
-            await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(AuthPermissions.testPassword, c);
+            await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, AuthPermissions.testPassword);
 
             const pw = this.auth.authenticator.strategy("password") as PasswordStrategy;
             const controller = pw.getController(this.auth.authenticator);

app/src/auth/auth-permissions.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 
 export const createUser = new Permission("auth.user.create");
 //export const updateUser = new Permission("auth.user.update");

app/src/auth/auth-schema.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { cookieConfig, jwtConfig } from "auth/authenticate/Authenticator";
 import { CustomOAuthStrategy, OAuthStrategy, PasswordStrategy } from "auth/authenticate/strategies";
-import { objectTransform, s } from "bknd/utils";
+import { roleSchema } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { objectTransform, omitKeys, pick, s } from "bknd/utils";
 import { $object, $record } from "modules/mcp";
 
 export const Strategies = {
@@ -40,11 +41,8 @@ export type AppAuthCustomOAuthStrategy = s.Static<typeof STRATEGIES.custom_oauth
 const guardConfigSchema = s.object({
    enabled: s.boolean({ default: false }).optional(),
 });
-export const guardRoleSchema = s.strictObject({
-   permissions: s.array(s.string()).optional(),
-   is_default: s.boolean().optional(),
-   implicit_allow: s.boolean().optional(),
-});
+
+export const guardRoleSchema = roleSchema;
 
 export const authConfigSchema = $object(
    "config_auth",

app/src/auth/authenticate/Authenticator.ts

@@ -6,10 +6,8 @@ import { deleteCookie, getSignedCookie, setSignedCookie } from "hono/cookie";
 import { sign, verify } from "hono/jwt";
 import { type CookieOptions, serializeSigned } from "hono/utils/cookie";
 import type { ServerEnv } from "modules/Controller";
-import { pick } from "lodash-es";
 import { InvalidConditionsException } from "auth/errors";
-import { s, parse, secret, runtimeSupports, truncate, $console } from "bknd/utils";
-import { $object } from "modules/mcp";
+import { s, parse, secret, runtimeSupports, truncate, $console, pickKeys } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { AuthStrategy } from "./strategies/Strategy";
 
 type Input = any; // workaround
@@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ export class Authenticator<
 
    // @todo: add jwt tests
    async jwt(_user: SafeUser | ProfileExchange): Promise<string> {
-      const user = pick(_user, this.config.jwt.fields);
+      const user = pickKeys(_user, this.config.jwt.fields as any);
 
       const payload: JWTPayload = {
          ...user,
@@ -256,7 +254,7 @@ export class Authenticator<
    }
 
    async safeAuthResponse(_user: User): Promise<AuthResponse> {
-      const user = pick(_user, this.config.jwt.fields) as SafeUser;
+      const user = pickKeys(_user, this.config.jwt.fields as any) as SafeUser;
       return {
          user,
          token: await this.jwt(user),

app/src/auth/authorize/Guard.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import { Exception } from "core/errors";
-import { $console, objectTransform } from "bknd/utils";
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { $console, mergeObject, type s } from "bknd/utils";
+import type { Permission, PermissionContext } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 import type { Context } from "hono";
 import type { ServerEnv } from "modules/Controller";
-import { Role } from "./Role";
+import type { Role } from "./Role";
+import { HttpStatus } from "bknd/utils";
+import type { Policy, PolicySchema } from "./Policy";
 
 export type GuardUserContext = {
    role?: string | null;
@@ -12,41 +14,43 @@ export type GuardUserContext = {
 
 export type GuardConfig = {
    enabled?: boolean;
+   context?: object;
 };
 export type GuardContext = Context<ServerEnv> | GuardUserContext;
 
-export class Guard {
-   permissions: Permission[];
-   roles?: Role[];
-   config?: GuardConfig;
+export class GuardPermissionsException extends Exception {
+   override name = "PermissionsException";
+   override code = HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN;
 
-   constructor(permissions: Permission[] = [], roles: Role[] = [], config?: GuardConfig) {
+   constructor(
+      public permission: Permission,
+      public policy?: Policy,
+      public description?: string,
+   ) {
+      super(`Permission "${permission.name}" not granted`);
+   }
+
+   override toJSON(): any {
+      return {
+         ...super.toJSON(),
+         description: this.description,
+         permission: this.permission.name,
+         policy: this.policy?.toJSON(),
+      };
+   }
+}
+
+export class Guard {
+   constructor(
+      public permissions: Permission<any, any, any, any>[] = [],
+      public roles: Role[] = [],
+      public config?: GuardConfig,
+   ) {
       this.permissions = permissions;
       this.roles = roles;
       this.config = config;
    }
 
-   static create(
-      permissionNames: string[],
-      roles?: Record<
-         string,
-         {
-            permissions?: string[];
-            is_default?: boolean;
-            implicit_allow?: boolean;
-         }
-      >,
-      config?: GuardConfig,
-   ) {
-      const _roles = roles
-         ? objectTransform(roles, ({ permissions = [], is_default, implicit_allow }, name) => {
-              return Role.createWithPermissionNames(name, permissions, is_default, implicit_allow);
-           })
-         : {};
-      const _permissions = permissionNames.map((name) => new Permission(name));
-      return new Guard(_permissions, Object.values(_roles), config);
-   }
-
    getPermissionNames(): string[] {
       return this.permissions.map((permission) => permission.name);
    }
@@ -73,7 +77,7 @@ export class Guard {
       return this;
    }
 
-   registerPermission(permission: Permission) {
+   registerPermission(permission: Permission<any, any, any, any>) {
       if (this.permissions.find((p) => p.name === permission.name)) {
          throw new Error(`Permission ${permission.name} already exists`);
       }
@@ -82,9 +86,13 @@ export class Guard {
       return this;
    }
 
-   registerPermissions(permissions: Record<string, Permission>);
-   registerPermissions(permissions: Permission[]);
-   registerPermissions(permissions: Permission[] | Record<string, Permission>) {
+   registerPermissions(permissions: Record<string, Permission<any, any, any, any>>);
+   registerPermissions(permissions: Permission<any, any, any, any>[]);
+   registerPermissions(
+      permissions:
+         | Permission<any, any, any, any>[]
+         | Record<string, Permission<any, any, any, any>>,
+   ) {
       const p = Array.isArray(permissions) ? permissions : Object.values(permissions);
 
       for (const permission of p) {
@@ -117,56 +125,197 @@ export class Guard {
       return this.config?.enabled === true;
    }
 
-   hasPermission(permission: Permission, user?: GuardUserContext): boolean;
-   hasPermission(name: string, user?: GuardUserContext): boolean;
-   hasPermission(permissionOrName: Permission | string, user?: GuardUserContext): boolean {
-      if (!this.isEnabled()) {
-         return true;
-      }
-
-      const name = typeof permissionOrName === "string" ? permissionOrName : permissionOrName.name;
-      $console.debug("guard: checking permission", {
-         name,
-         user: { id: user?.id, role: user?.role },
-      });
-      const exists = this.permissionExists(name);
-      if (!exists) {
-         throw new Error(`Permission ${name} does not exist`);
-      }
-
-      const role = this.getUserRole(user);
-
-      if (!role) {
-         $console.debug("guard: user has no role, denying");
-         return false;
-      } else if (role.implicit_allow === true) {
-         $console.debug(`guard: role "${role.name}" has implicit allow, allowing`);
-         return true;
-      }
-
-      const rolePermission = role.permissions.find(
-         (rolePermission) => rolePermission.permission.name === name,
-      );
-
-      $console.debug("guard: rolePermission, allowing?", {
-         permission: name,
-         role: role.name,
-         allowing: !!rolePermission,
-      });
-      return !!rolePermission;
-   }
-
-   granted(permission: Permission | string, c?: GuardContext): boolean {
+   private collect(permission: Permission, c: GuardContext | undefined, context: any) {
       const user = c && "get" in c ? c.get("auth")?.user : c;
-      return this.hasPermission(permission as any, user);
+      const ctx = {
+         ...((context ?? {}) as any),
+         ...this.config?.context,
+         user,
+      };
+      const exists = this.permissionExists(permission.name);
+      const role = this.getUserRole(user);
+      const rolePermission = role?.permissions.find(
+         (rolePermission) => rolePermission.permission.name === permission.name,
+      );
+      return {
+         ctx,
+         user,
+         exists,
+         role,
+         rolePermission,
+      };
    }
 
-   throwUnlessGranted(permission: Permission | string, c: GuardContext) {
-      if (!this.granted(permission, c)) {
-         throw new Exception(
-            `Permission "${typeof permission === "string" ? permission : permission.name}" not granted`,
-            403,
+   granted<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ): void;
+   granted<P extends Permission<any, any, undefined, any>>(permission: P, c: GuardContext): void;
+   granted<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context?: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ): void {
+      if (!this.isEnabled()) {
+         return;
+      }
+      const { ctx: _ctx, exists, role, rolePermission } = this.collect(permission, c, context);
+
+      // validate context
+      let ctx = Object.assign({}, _ctx);
+      if (permission.context) {
+         ctx = permission.parseContext(ctx);
+      }
+
+      $console.debug("guard: checking permission", {
+         name: permission.name,
+         context: ctx,
+      });
+      if (!exists) {
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(
+            permission,
+            undefined,
+            `Permission ${permission.name} does not exist`,
          );
       }
+
+      if (!role) {
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(permission, undefined, "User has no role");
+      }
+
+      if (!rolePermission) {
+         if (role.implicit_allow === true) {
+            $console.debug(`guard: role "${role.name}" has implicit allow, allowing`);
+            return;
+         }
+
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(
+            permission,
+            undefined,
+            `Role "${role.name}" does not have required permission`,
+         );
+      }
+
+      if (rolePermission?.policies.length > 0) {
+         $console.debug("guard: rolePermission has policies, checking");
+
+         // set the default effect of the role permission
+         let allowed = rolePermission.effect === "allow";
+         for (const policy of rolePermission.policies) {
+            $console.debug("guard: checking policy", { policy: policy.toJSON(), ctx });
+            // skip filter policies
+            if (policy.content.effect === "filter") continue;
+
+            // if condition is met, check the effect
+            const meets = policy.meetsCondition(ctx);
+            if (meets) {
+               $console.debug("guard: policy meets condition");
+               // if deny, then break early
+               if (policy.content.effect === "deny") {
+                  $console.debug("guard: policy is deny, setting allowed to false");
+                  allowed = false;
+                  break;
+
+                  // if allow, set allow but continue checking
+               } else if (policy.content.effect === "allow") {
+                  allowed = true;
+               }
+            } else {
+               $console.debug("guard: policy does not meet condition");
+            }
+         }
+
+         if (!allowed) {
+            throw new GuardPermissionsException(permission, undefined, "Policy condition unmet");
+         }
+      }
+
+      $console.debug("guard allowing", {
+         permission: permission.name,
+         role: role.name,
+      });
+   }
+
+   filters<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context: PermissionContext<P>,
+   );
+   filters<P extends Permission<any, any, undefined, any>>(permission: P, c: GuardContext);
+   filters<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      permission: P,
+      c: GuardContext,
+      context?: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ) {
+      if (!permission.isFilterable()) {
+         throw new GuardPermissionsException(permission, undefined, "Permission is not filterable");
+      }
+
+      const {
+         ctx: _ctx,
+         exists,
+         role,
+         user,
+         rolePermission,
+      } = this.collect(permission, c, context);
+
+      // validate context
+      let ctx = Object.assign(
+         {
+            user,
+         },
+         _ctx,
+      );
+
+      if (permission.context) {
+         ctx = permission.parseContext(ctx, {
+            coerceDropUnknown: false,
+         });
+      }
+
+      const filters: PolicySchema["filter"][] = [];
+      const policies: Policy[] = [];
+      if (exists && role && rolePermission && rolePermission.policies.length > 0) {
+         for (const policy of rolePermission.policies) {
+            if (policy.content.effect === "filter") {
+               const meets = policy.meetsCondition(ctx);
+               if (meets) {
+                  policies.push(policy);
+                  filters.push(policy.getReplacedFilter(ctx));
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      const filter = filters.length > 0 ? mergeObject({}, ...filters) : undefined;
+      return {
+         filters,
+         filter,
+         policies,
+         merge: (givenFilter: object | undefined) => {
+            return mergeObject(givenFilter ?? {}, filter ?? {});
+         },
+         matches: (subject: object | object[], opts?: { throwOnError?: boolean }) => {
+            const subjects = Array.isArray(subject) ? subject : [subject];
+            if (policies.length > 0) {
+               for (const policy of policies) {
+                  for (const subject of subjects) {
+                     if (!policy.meetsFilter(subject, ctx)) {
+                        if (opts?.throwOnError) {
+                           throw new GuardPermissionsException(
+                              permission,
+                              policy,
+                              "Policy filter not met",
+                           );
+                        }
+                        return false;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            return true;
+         },
+      };
    }
 }

app/src/auth/authorize/Permission.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { s, type ParseOptions, parse, InvalidSchemaError, HttpStatus } from "bknd/utils";
+
+export const permissionOptionsSchema = s
+   .strictObject({
+      description: s.string(),
+      filterable: s.boolean(),
+   })
+   .partial();
+
+export type TPermission = {
+   name: string;
+   description?: string;
+   filterable?: boolean;
+   context?: any;
+};
+
+export type PermissionOptions = s.Static<typeof permissionOptionsSchema>;
+export type PermissionContext<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>> = P extends Permission<
+   any,
+   any,
+   infer Context,
+   any
+>
+   ? Context extends s.ObjectSchema
+      ? s.Static<Context>
+      : never
+   : never;
+
+export class InvalidPermissionContextError extends InvalidSchemaError {
+   override name = "InvalidPermissionContextError";
+
+   // changing to internal server error because it's an unexpected behavior
+   override code = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
+
+   static from(e: InvalidSchemaError) {
+      return new InvalidPermissionContextError(e.schema, e.value, e.errors);
+   }
+}
+
+export class Permission<
+   Name extends string = string,
+   Options extends PermissionOptions = {},
+   Context extends s.ObjectSchema | undefined = undefined,
+   ContextValue = Context extends s.ObjectSchema ? s.Static<Context> : undefined,
+> {
+   constructor(
+      public name: Name,
+      public options: Options = {} as Options,
+      public context: Context = undefined as Context,
+   ) {}
+
+   isFilterable() {
+      return this.options.filterable === true;
+   }
+
+   parseContext(ctx: ContextValue, opts?: ParseOptions) {
+      // @todo: allow additional properties
+      if (!this.context) return ctx;
+      try {
+         return this.context ? parse(this.context!, ctx, opts) : undefined;
+      } catch (e) {
+         if (e instanceof InvalidSchemaError) {
+            throw InvalidPermissionContextError.from(e);
+         }
+
+         throw e;
+      }
+   }
+
+   toJSON() {
+      return {
+         name: this.name,
+         ...this.options,
+         context: this.context,
+      };
+   }
+}

app/src/auth/authorize/Policy.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { s, parse, recursivelyReplacePlaceholders } from "bknd/utils";
+import * as query from "core/object/query/object-query";
+
+export const policySchema = s
+   .strictObject({
+      description: s.string(),
+      condition: s.object({}).optional() as s.Schema<{}, query.ObjectQuery | undefined>,
+      // @todo: potentially remove this, and invert from rolePermission.effect
+      effect: s.string({ enum: ["allow", "deny", "filter"], default: "allow" }),
+      filter: s.object({}).optional() as s.Schema<{}, query.ObjectQuery | undefined>,
+   })
+   .partial();
+export type PolicySchema = s.Static<typeof policySchema>;
+
+export class Policy<Schema extends PolicySchema = PolicySchema> {
+   public content: Schema;
+
+   constructor(content?: Schema) {
+      this.content = parse(policySchema, content ?? {}, {
+         withDefaults: true,
+      }) as Schema;
+   }
+
+   replace(context: object, vars?: Record<string, any>, fallback?: any) {
+      return vars
+         ? recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(context, /^@([a-zA-Z_\.]+)$/, vars, fallback)
+         : context;
+   }
+
+   getReplacedFilter(context: object, fallback?: any) {
+      if (!this.content.filter) return context;
+      return this.replace(this.content.filter!, context, fallback);
+   }
+
+   meetsCondition(context: object, vars?: Record<string, any>) {
+      if (!this.content.condition) return true;
+      return query.validate(this.replace(this.content.condition!, vars), context);
+   }
+
+   meetsFilter(subject: object, vars?: Record<string, any>) {
+      if (!this.content.filter) return true;
+      return query.validate(this.replace(this.content.filter!, vars), subject);
+   }
+
+   getFiltered<Given extends any[]>(given: Given): Given {
+      return given.filter((item) => this.meetsFilter(item)) as Given;
+   }
+
+   toJSON() {
+      return this.content;
+   }
+}

app/src/auth/authorize/Role.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,39 @@
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { s } from "bknd/utils";
+import { Permission } from "./Permission";
+import { Policy, policySchema } from "./Policy";
+
+// default effect is allow for backward compatibility
+const defaultEffect = "allow";
+
+export const rolePermissionSchema = s.strictObject({
+   permission: s.string(),
+   effect: s.string({ enum: ["allow", "deny"], default: defaultEffect }).optional(),
+   policies: s.array(policySchema).optional(),
+});
+export type RolePermissionSchema = s.Static<typeof rolePermissionSchema>;
+
+export const roleSchema = s.strictObject({
+   // @todo: remove anyOf, add migration
+   permissions: s.anyOf([s.array(s.string()), s.array(rolePermissionSchema)]).optional(),
+   is_default: s.boolean().optional(),
+   implicit_allow: s.boolean().optional(),
+});
+export type RoleSchema = s.Static<typeof roleSchema>;
 
 export class RolePermission {
    constructor(
-      public permission: Permission,
-      public config?: any,
+      public permission: Permission<any, any, any, any>,
+      public policies: Policy[] = [],
+      public effect: "allow" | "deny" = defaultEffect,
    ) {}
+
+   toJSON() {
+      return {
+         permission: this.permission.name,
+         policies: this.policies.map((p) => p.toJSON()),
+         effect: this.effect,
+      };
+   }
 }
 
 export class Role {
@@ -15,31 +44,23 @@ export class Role {
       public implicit_allow: boolean = false,
    ) {}
 
-   static createWithPermissionNames(
-      name: string,
-      permissionNames: string[],
-      is_default: boolean = false,
-      implicit_allow: boolean = false,
-   ) {
-      return new Role(
-         name,
-         permissionNames.map((name) => new RolePermission(new Permission(name))),
-         is_default,
-         implicit_allow,
-      );
+   static create(name: string, config: RoleSchema) {
+      const permissions =
+         config.permissions?.map((p: string | RolePermissionSchema) => {
+            if (typeof p === "string") {
+               return new RolePermission(new Permission(p), []);
+            }
+            const policies = p.policies?.map((policy) => new Policy(policy));
+            return new RolePermission(new Permission(p.permission), policies, p.effect);
+         }) ?? [];
+      return new Role(name, permissions, config.is_default, config.implicit_allow);
    }
 
-   static create(config: {
-      name: string;
-      permissions?: string[];
-      is_default?: boolean;
-      implicit_allow?: boolean;
-   }) {
-      return new Role(
-         config.name,
-         config.permissions?.map((name) => new RolePermission(new Permission(name))) ?? [],
-         config.is_default,
-         config.implicit_allow,
-      );
+   toJSON() {
+      return {
+         permissions: this.permissions.map((p) => p.toJSON()),
+         is_default: this.is_default,
+         implicit_allow: this.implicit_allow,
+      };
    }
 }

app/src/auth/middlewares/auth.middleware.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import type { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
 import { $console, patternMatch } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { Context } from "hono";
 import { createMiddleware } from "hono/factory";
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ export const auth = (options?: {
       // make sure to only register once
       if (authCtx.registered) {
          skipped = true;
-         $console.warn(`auth middleware already registered for ${getPath(c)}`);
+         $console.debug(`auth middleware already registered for ${getPath(c)}`);
       } else {
          authCtx.registered = true;
 
@@ -67,48 +66,3 @@ export const auth = (options?: {
       authCtx.resolved = false;
       authCtx.user = undefined;
    });
-
-export const permission = (
-   permission: Permission | Permission[],
-   options?: {
-      onGranted?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => Promise<Response | void | undefined>;
-      onDenied?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => Promise<Response | void | undefined>;
-   },
-) =>
-   // @ts-ignore
-   createMiddleware<ServerEnv>(async (c, next) => {
-      const app = c.get("app");
-      const authCtx = c.get("auth");
-      if (!authCtx) {
-         throw new Error("auth ctx not found");
-      }
-
-      // in tests, app is not defined
-      if (!authCtx.registered || !app) {
-         const msg = `auth middleware not registered, cannot check permissions for ${getPath(c)}`;
-         if (app?.module.auth.enabled) {
-            throw new Error(msg);
-         } else {
-            $console.warn(msg);
-         }
-      } else if (!authCtx.skip) {
-         const guard = app.modules.ctx().guard;
-         const permissions = Array.isArray(permission) ? permission : [permission];
-
-         if (options?.onGranted || options?.onDenied) {
-            let returned: undefined | void | Response;
-            if (permissions.every((p) => guard.granted(p, c))) {
-               returned = await options?.onGranted?.(c);
-            } else {
-               returned = await options?.onDenied?.(c);
-            }
-            if (returned instanceof Response) {
-               return returned;
-            }
-         } else {
-            permissions.some((p) => guard.throwUnlessGranted(p, c));
-         }
-      }
-
-      await next();
-   });

app/src/auth/middlewares/permission.middleware.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import type { Permission, PermissionContext } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { $console, threw } from "bknd/utils";
+import type { Context, Hono } from "hono";
+import type { RouterRoute } from "hono/types";
+import { createMiddleware } from "hono/factory";
+import type { ServerEnv } from "modules/Controller";
+import type { MaybePromise } from "core/types";
+import { GuardPermissionsException } from "auth/authorize/Guard";
+
+function getPath(reqOrCtx: Request | Context) {
+   const req = reqOrCtx instanceof Request ? reqOrCtx : reqOrCtx.req.raw;
+   return new URL(req.url).pathname;
+}
+
+const permissionSymbol = Symbol.for("permission");
+
+type PermissionMiddlewareOptions<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>> = {
+   onGranted?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => MaybePromise<Response | void | undefined>;
+   onDenied?: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => MaybePromise<Response | void | undefined>;
+} & (P extends Permission<any, any, infer PC, any>
+   ? PC extends undefined
+      ? {
+           context?: never;
+        }
+      : {
+           context: (c: Context<ServerEnv>) => MaybePromise<PermissionContext<P>>;
+        }
+   : {
+        context?: never;
+     });
+
+export function permission<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+   permission: P,
+   options: PermissionMiddlewareOptions<P>,
+) {
+   // @ts-ignore (middlewares do not always return)
+   const handler = createMiddleware<ServerEnv>(async (c, next) => {
+      const app = c.get("app");
+      const authCtx = c.get("auth");
+      if (!authCtx) {
+         throw new Error("auth ctx not found");
+      }
+
+      // in tests, app is not defined
+      if (!authCtx.registered || !app) {
+         const msg = `auth middleware not registered, cannot check permissions for ${getPath(c)}`;
+         if (app?.module.auth.enabled) {
+            throw new Error(msg);
+         } else {
+            $console.warn(msg);
+         }
+      } else if (!authCtx.skip) {
+         const guard = app.modules.ctx().guard;
+         const context = (await options?.context?.(c)) ?? ({} as any);
+
+         if (options?.onGranted || options?.onDenied) {
+            let returned: undefined | void | Response;
+            if (threw(() => guard.granted(permission, c, context), GuardPermissionsException)) {
+               returned = await options?.onDenied?.(c);
+            } else {
+               returned = await options?.onGranted?.(c);
+            }
+            if (returned instanceof Response) {
+               return returned;
+            }
+         } else {
+            guard.granted(permission, c, context);
+         }
+      }
+
+      await next();
+   });
+
+   return Object.assign(handler, {
+      [permissionSymbol]: { permission, options },
+   });
+}
+
+export function getPermissionRoutes(hono: Hono<any>) {
+   const routes: {
+      route: RouterRoute;
+      permission: Permission;
+      options: PermissionMiddlewareOptions<Permission>;
+   }[] = [];
+   for (const route of hono.routes) {
+      if (permissionSymbol in route.handler) {
+         routes.push({
+            route,
+            ...(route.handler[permissionSymbol] as any),
+         });
+      }
+   }
+   return routes;
+}

app/src/core/object/query/query.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { PrimaryFieldType } from "core/config";
+import { getPath, invariant } from "bknd/utils";
 
 export type Primitive = PrimaryFieldType | string | number | boolean;
 export function isPrimitive(value: any): value is Primitive {
@@ -67,8 +68,9 @@ function _convert<Exps extends Expressions>(
    expressions: Exps,
    path: string[] = [],
 ): FilterQuery<Exps> {
+   invariant(typeof $query === "object", "$query must be an object");
    const ExpressionConditionKeys = expressions.map((e) => e.key);
-   const keys = Object.keys($query);
+   const keys = Object.keys($query ?? {});
    const operands = [OperandOr] as const;
    const newQuery: FilterQuery<Exps> = {};
 
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ function _build<Exps extends Expressions>(
    // check $and
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries($and)) {
       for (const [$op, $v] of Object.entries(value)) {
-         const objValue = options.value_is_kv ? key : options.object[key];
+         const objValue = options.value_is_kv ? key : getPath(options.object, key);
          result.$and.push(__validate($op, $v, objValue, [key]));
          result.keys.add(key);
       }
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ function _build<Exps extends Expressions>(
 
    // check $or
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries($or ?? {})) {
-      const objValue = options.value_is_kv ? key : options.object[key];
+      const objValue = options.value_is_kv ? key : getPath(options.object, key);
 
       for (const [$op, $v] of Object.entries(value)) {
          result.$or.push(__validate($op, $v, objValue, [key]));

app/src/core/security/Permission.ts

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-export class Permission<Name extends string = string> {
-   constructor(public name: Name) {
-      this.name = name;
-   }
-
-   toJSON() {
-      return {
-         name: this.name,
-      };
-   }
-}

app/src/core/utils/objects.ts

@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ export function isEqual(value1: any, value2: any): boolean {
 export function getPath(
    object: object,
    _path: string | (string | number)[],
-   defaultValue = undefined,
+   defaultValue: any = undefined,
 ): any {
    const path = typeof _path === "string" ? _path.split(/[.\[\]\"]+/).filter((x) => x) : _path;
 
@@ -512,3 +512,43 @@ export function convertNumberedObjectToArray(obj: object): any[] | object {
    }
    return obj;
 }
+
+export function recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(
+   obj: any,
+   pattern: RegExp,
+   variables: Record<string, any>,
+   fallback?: any,
+) {
+   if (typeof obj === "string") {
+      // check if the entire string matches the pattern
+      const match = obj.match(pattern);
+      if (match && match[0] === obj && match[1]) {
+         // full string match - replace with the actual value (preserving type)
+         const key = match[1];
+         const value = getPath(variables, key, null);
+         return value !== null ? value : fallback !== undefined ? fallback : obj;
+      }
+      // partial match - use string replacement
+      if (pattern.test(obj)) {
+         return obj.replace(pattern, (match, key) => {
+            const value = getPath(variables, key, null);
+            // convert to string for partial replacements
+            return value !== null
+               ? String(value)
+               : fallback !== undefined
+                 ? String(fallback)
+                 : match;
+         });
+      }
+   }
+   if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
+      return obj.map((item) => recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(item, pattern, variables, fallback));
+   }
+   if (obj && typeof obj === "object") {
+      return Object.entries(obj).reduce((acc, [key, value]) => {
+         acc[key] = recursivelyReplacePlaceholders(value, pattern, variables, fallback);
+         return acc;
+      }, {} as object);
+   }
+   return obj;
+}

app/src/core/utils/runtime.ts

@@ -61,3 +61,19 @@ export function invariant(condition: boolean | any, message: string) {
       throw new Error(message);
    }
 }
+
+export function threw(fn: () => any, instance?: new (...args: any[]) => Error) {
+   try {
+      fn();
+      return false;
+   } catch (e) {
+      if (instance) {
+         if (e instanceof instance) {
+            return true;
+         }
+         // if instance given but not what expected, throw
+         throw e;
+      }
+      return true;
+   }
+}

app/src/core/utils/schema/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { Exception } from "core/errors";
+import { HttpStatus } from "bknd/utils";
 import * as s from "jsonv-ts";
 
 export { validator as jsc, type Options } from "jsonv-ts/hono";
@@ -58,7 +60,10 @@ export const stringIdentifier = s.string({
    maxLength: 150,
 });
 
-export class InvalidSchemaError extends Error {
+export class InvalidSchemaError extends Exception {
+   override name = "InvalidSchemaError";
+   override code = HttpStatus.UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY;
+
    constructor(
       public schema: s.Schema,
       public value: unknown,

app/src/data/api/DataController.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
    pickKeys,
    mcpTool,
    convertNumberedObjectToArray,
+   mergeObject,
 } from "bknd/utils";
 import * as SystemPermissions from "modules/permissions";
 import type { AppDataConfig } from "../data-schema";
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
 
    override getController() {
       const { permission, auth } = this.middlewares;
-      const hono = this.create().use(auth(), permission(SystemPermissions.accessApi));
+      const hono = this.create().use(auth(), permission(SystemPermissions.accessApi, {}));
       const entitiesEnum = this.getEntitiesEnum(this.em);
 
       // info
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
       // sync endpoint
       hono.get(
          "/sync",
-         permission(DataPermissions.databaseSync),
+         permission(DataPermissions.databaseSync, {}),
          mcpTool("data_sync", {
             // @todo: should be removed if readonly
             annotations: {
@@ -96,7 +97,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
       // read entity schema
       hono.get(
          "/schema.json",
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
          describeRoute({
             summary: "Retrieve data schema",
             tags: ["data"],
@@ -122,7 +125,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
       // read schema
       hono.get(
          "/schemas/:entity/:context?",
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
          describeRoute({
             summary: "Retrieve entity schema",
             tags: ["data"],
@@ -176,7 +181,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
        */
       hono.get(
          "/info/:entity",
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
          describeRoute({
             summary: "Retrieve entity info",
             tags: ["data"],
@@ -228,7 +235,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
       // fn: count
       hono.post(
          "/:entity/fn/count",
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
          describeRoute({
             summary: "Count entities",
             tags: ["data"],
@@ -251,7 +260,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
       // fn: exists
       hono.post(
          "/:entity/fn/exists",
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
          describeRoute({
             summary: "Check if entity exists",
             tags: ["data"],
@@ -300,16 +311,26 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             parameters: saveRepoQueryParams(["limit", "offset", "sort", "select", "join"]),
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
          jsc("param", s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum })),
          jsc("query", repoQuery, { skipOpenAPI: true }),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
          async (c) => {
             const { entity } = c.req.valid("param");
             if (!this.entityExists(entity)) {
                return this.notFound(c);
             }
+
+            const { merge } = this.ctx.guard.filters(DataPermissions.entityRead, c, {
+               entity,
+            });
+
             const options = c.req.valid("query") as RepoQuery;
-            const result = await this.em.repository(entity).findMany(options);
+            const result = await this.em.repository(entity).findMany({
+               ...options,
+               where: merge(options.where),
+            });
 
             return c.json(result, { status: result.data ? 200 : 404 });
          },
@@ -323,7 +344,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             parameters: saveRepoQueryParams(["offset", "sort", "select"]),
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ ...c.req.param() }) as any,
+         }),
          mcpTool("data_entity_read_one", {
             inputSchema: {
                param: s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum, id: idType }),
@@ -341,11 +364,19 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
          jsc("query", repoQuery, { skipOpenAPI: true }),
          async (c) => {
             const { entity, id } = c.req.valid("param");
-            if (!this.entityExists(entity)) {
+            if (!this.entityExists(entity) || !id) {
                return this.notFound(c);
             }
             const options = c.req.valid("query") as RepoQuery;
-            const result = await this.em.repository(entity).findId(id, options);
+            const { merge } = this.ctx.guard.filters(
+               DataPermissions.entityRead,
+               c,
+               c.req.valid("param"),
+            );
+            const id_name = this.em.entity(entity).getPrimaryField().name;
+            const result = await this.em
+               .repository(entity)
+               .findOne(merge({ [id_name]: id }), options);
 
             return c.json(result, { status: result.data ? 200 : 404 });
          },
@@ -359,7 +390,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             parameters: saveRepoQueryParams(),
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ ...c.req.param() }) as any,
+         }),
          jsc(
             "param",
             s.object({
@@ -376,9 +409,20 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             }
 
             const options = c.req.valid("query") as RepoQuery;
-            const result = await this.em
+            const { entity: newEntity } = this.em
                .repository(entity)
-               .findManyByReference(id, reference, options);
+               .getEntityByReference(reference);
+
+            const { merge } = this.ctx.guard.filters(DataPermissions.entityRead, c, {
+               entity: newEntity.name,
+               id,
+               reference,
+            });
+
+            const result = await this.em.repository(entity).findManyByReference(id, reference, {
+               ...options,
+               where: merge(options.where),
+            });
 
             return c.json(result, { status: result.data ? 200 : 404 });
          },
@@ -405,7 +449,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             },
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
          mcpTool("data_entity_read_many", {
             inputSchema: {
                param: s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum }),
@@ -420,7 +466,13 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
                return this.notFound(c);
             }
             const options = c.req.valid("json") as RepoQuery;
-            const result = await this.em.repository(entity).findMany(options);
+            const { merge } = this.ctx.guard.filters(DataPermissions.entityRead, c, {
+               entity,
+            });
+            const result = await this.em.repository(entity).findMany({
+               ...options,
+               where: merge(options.where),
+            });
 
             return c.json(result, { status: result.data ? 200 : 404 });
          },
@@ -436,7 +488,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             summary: "Insert one or many",
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityCreate),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityCreate, {
+            context: (c) => ({ ...c.req.param() }) as any,
+         }),
          mcpTool("data_entity_insert"),
          jsc("param", s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum })),
          jsc("json", s.anyOf([s.object({}), s.array(s.object({}))])),
@@ -453,6 +507,12 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             // to transform all validation targets into a single object
             const body = convertNumberedObjectToArray(_body);
 
+            this.ctx.guard
+               .filters(DataPermissions.entityCreate, c, {
+                  entity,
+               })
+               .matches(body, { throwOnError: true });
+
             if (Array.isArray(body)) {
                const result = await this.em.mutator(entity).insertMany(body);
                return c.json(result, 201);
@@ -470,7 +530,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             summary: "Update many",
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityUpdate),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityUpdate, {
+            context: (c) => ({ ...c.req.param() }) as any,
+         }),
          mcpTool("data_entity_update_many", {
             inputSchema: {
                param: s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum }),
@@ -497,7 +559,10 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
                update: EntityData;
                where: RepoQuery["where"];
             };
-            const result = await this.em.mutator(entity).updateWhere(update, where);
+            const { merge } = this.ctx.guard.filters(DataPermissions.entityUpdate, c, {
+               entity,
+            });
+            const result = await this.em.mutator(entity).updateWhere(update, merge(where));
 
             return c.json(result);
          },
@@ -510,7 +575,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             summary: "Update one",
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityUpdate),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityUpdate, {
+            context: (c) => ({ ...c.req.param() }) as any,
+         }),
          mcpTool("data_entity_update_one"),
          jsc("param", s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum, id: idType })),
          jsc("json", s.object({})),
@@ -520,6 +587,17 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
                return this.notFound(c);
             }
             const body = (await c.req.json()) as EntityData;
+            const fns = this.ctx.guard.filters(DataPermissions.entityUpdate, c, {
+               entity,
+               id,
+            });
+
+            // if it has filters attached, fetch entry and make the check
+            if (fns.filters.length > 0) {
+               const { data } = await this.em.repository(entity).findId(id);
+               fns.matches(data, { throwOnError: true });
+            }
+
             const result = await this.em.mutator(entity).updateOne(id, body);
 
             return c.json(result);
@@ -533,7 +611,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             summary: "Delete one",
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityDelete),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityDelete, {
+            context: (c) => ({ ...c.req.param() }) as any,
+         }),
          mcpTool("data_entity_delete_one"),
          jsc("param", s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum, id: idType })),
          async (c) => {
@@ -541,6 +621,18 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             if (!this.entityExists(entity)) {
                return this.notFound(c);
             }
+
+            const fns = this.ctx.guard.filters(DataPermissions.entityDelete, c, {
+               entity,
+               id,
+            });
+
+            // if it has filters attached, fetch entry and make the check
+            if (fns.filters.length > 0) {
+               const { data } = await this.em.repository(entity).findId(id);
+               fns.matches(data, { throwOnError: true });
+            }
+
             const result = await this.em.mutator(entity).deleteOne(id);
 
             return c.json(result);
@@ -554,7 +646,9 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
             summary: "Delete many",
             tags: ["data"],
          }),
-         permission(DataPermissions.entityDelete),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityDelete, {
+            context: (c) => ({ ...c.req.param() }) as any,
+         }),
          mcpTool("data_entity_delete_many", {
             inputSchema: {
                param: s.object({ entity: entitiesEnum }),
@@ -569,7 +663,10 @@ export class DataController extends Controller {
                return this.notFound(c);
             }
             const where = (await c.req.json()) as RepoQuery["where"];
-            const result = await this.em.mutator(entity).deleteWhere(where);
+            const { merge } = this.ctx.guard.filters(DataPermissions.entityDelete, c, {
+               entity,
+            });
+            const result = await this.em.mutator(entity).deleteWhere(merge(where));
 
             return c.json(result);
          },

app/src/data/entities/query/Repository.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { DB as DefaultDB, PrimaryFieldType } from "bknd";
+import type { DB as DefaultDB, EntityRelation, PrimaryFieldType } from "bknd";
 import { $console } from "bknd/utils";
 import { type EmitsEvents, EventManager } from "core/events";
 import { type SelectQueryBuilder, sql } from "kysely";
@@ -280,16 +280,11 @@ export class Repository<TBD extends object = DefaultDB, TB extends keyof TBD = a
       id: PrimaryFieldType,
       _options?: Partial<Omit<RepoQuery, "where" | "limit" | "offset">>,
    ): Promise<RepositoryResult<TBD[TB] | undefined>> {
-      const { qb, options } = this.buildQuery(
-         {
-            ..._options,
-            where: { [this.entity.getPrimaryField().name]: id },
-            limit: 1,
-         },
-         ["offset", "sort"],
-      );
+      if (typeof id === "undefined" || id === null) {
+         throw new InvalidSearchParamsException("id is required");
+      }
 
-      return this.single(qb, options) as any;
+      return this.findOne({ [this.entity.getPrimaryField().name]: id }, _options);
    }
 
    async findOne(
@@ -315,23 +310,27 @@ export class Repository<TBD extends object = DefaultDB, TB extends keyof TBD = a
       return res as any;
    }
 
+   getEntityByReference(reference: string): { entity: Entity; relation: EntityRelation } {
+      const listable_relations = this.em.relations.listableRelationsOf(this.entity);
+      const relation = listable_relations.find((r) => r.ref(reference).reference === reference);
+      if (!relation) {
+         throw new Error(
+            `Relation "${reference}" not found or not listable on entity "${this.entity.name}"`,
+         );
+      }
+      return {
+         entity: relation.other(this.entity).entity,
+         relation,
+      };
+   }
+
    // @todo: add unit tests, specially for many to many
    async findManyByReference(
       id: PrimaryFieldType,
       reference: string,
       _options?: Partial<Omit<RepoQuery, "limit" | "offset">>,
    ): Promise<RepositoryResult<EntityData>> {
-      const entity = this.entity;
-      const listable_relations = this.em.relations.listableRelationsOf(entity);
-      const relation = listable_relations.find((r) => r.ref(reference).reference === reference);
-
-      if (!relation) {
-         throw new Error(
-            `Relation "${reference}" not found or not listable on entity "${entity.name}"`,
-         );
-      }
-
-      const newEntity = relation.other(entity).entity;
+      const { entity: newEntity, relation } = this.getEntityByReference(reference);
       const refQueryOptions = relation.getReferenceQuery(newEntity, id as number, reference);
       if (!("where" in refQueryOptions) || Object.keys(refQueryOptions.where as any).length === 0) {
          throw new Error(

app/src/data/permissions/index.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,51 @@
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { s } from "bknd/utils";
 
-export const entityRead = new Permission("data.entity.read");
-export const entityCreate = new Permission("data.entity.create");
-export const entityUpdate = new Permission("data.entity.update");
-export const entityDelete = new Permission("data.entity.delete");
+export const entityRead = new Permission(
+   "data.entity.read",
+   {
+      filterable: true,
+   },
+   s.object({
+      entity: s.string(),
+      id: s.anyOf([s.number(), s.string()]).optional(),
+   }),
+);
+/**
+ * Filter filters content given
+ */
+export const entityCreate = new Permission(
+   "data.entity.create",
+   {
+      filterable: true,
+   },
+   s.object({
+      entity: s.string(),
+   }),
+);
+/**
+ * Filter filters where clause
+ */
+export const entityUpdate = new Permission(
+   "data.entity.update",
+   {
+      filterable: true,
+   },
+   s.object({
+      entity: s.string(),
+      id: s.anyOf([s.number(), s.string()]).optional(),
+   }),
+);
+export const entityDelete = new Permission(
+   "data.entity.delete",
+   {
+      filterable: true,
+   },
+   s.object({
+      entity: s.string(),
+      id: s.anyOf([s.number(), s.string()]).optional(),
+   }),
+);
 export const databaseSync = new Permission("data.database.sync");
 export const rawQuery = new Permission("data.raw.query");
 export const rawMutate = new Permission("data.raw.mutate");

app/src/index.ts

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export type { MaybePromise, Merge } from "core/types";
 export { Exception, BkndError } from "core/errors";
 export { isDebug, env } from "core/env";
 export { type PrimaryFieldType, config, type DB, type AppEntity } from "core/config";
-export { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+export { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 export { getFlashMessage } from "core/server/flash";
 export * from "core/drivers";
 export { Event, InvalidEventReturn } from "core/events/Event";

app/src/media/api/MediaController.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export class MediaController extends Controller {
             summary: "Get the list of files",
             tags: ["media"],
          }),
-         permission(MediaPermissions.listFiles),
+         permission(MediaPermissions.listFiles, {}),
          async (c) => {
             const files = await this.getStorageAdapter().listObjects();
             return c.json(files);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ export class MediaController extends Controller {
             summary: "Get a file by name",
             tags: ["media"],
          }),
-         permission(MediaPermissions.readFile),
+         permission(MediaPermissions.readFile, {}),
          async (c) => {
             const { filename } = c.req.param();
             if (!filename) {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export class MediaController extends Controller {
             summary: "Delete a file by name",
             tags: ["media"],
          }),
-         permission(MediaPermissions.deleteFile),
+         permission(MediaPermissions.deleteFile, {}),
          async (c) => {
             const { filename } = c.req.param();
             if (!filename) {
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export class MediaController extends Controller {
             requestBody,
          }),
          jsc("param", s.object({ filename: s.string().optional() })),
-         permission(MediaPermissions.uploadFile),
+         permission(MediaPermissions.uploadFile, {}),
          async (c) => {
             const reqname = c.req.param("filename");
 
@@ -189,7 +189,10 @@ export class MediaController extends Controller {
             }),
          ),
          jsc("query", s.object({ overwrite: s.boolean().optional() })),
-         permission([DataPermissions.entityCreate, MediaPermissions.uploadFile]),
+         permission(DataPermissions.entityCreate, {
+            context: (c) => ({ entity: c.req.param("entity") }),
+         }),
+         permission(MediaPermissions.uploadFile, {}),
          async (c) => {
             const { entity: entity_name, id: entity_id, field: field_name } = c.req.valid("param");
 

app/src/media/media-permissions.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 
 export const readFile = new Permission("media.file.read");
 export const listFiles = new Permission("media.file.list");

app/src/modules/ModuleHelper.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { entityTypes } from "data/entities/Entity";
 import { isEqual } from "lodash-es";
 import type { ModuleBuildContext, ModuleBuildContextMcpContext } from "./Module";
 import type { EntityRelation } from "data/relations";
-import type { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import type { Permission, PermissionContext } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 import { Exception } from "core/errors";
 import { invariant, isPlainObject } from "bknd/utils";
 
@@ -114,10 +114,20 @@ export class ModuleHelper {
       entity.__replaceField(name, newField);
    }
 
-   async throwUnlessGranted(
-      permission: Permission | string,
+   async granted<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
       c: { context: ModuleBuildContextMcpContext; raw?: unknown },
-   ) {
+      permission: P,
+      context: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ): Promise<void>;
+   async granted<P extends Permission<any, any, undefined, any>>(
+      c: { context: ModuleBuildContextMcpContext; raw?: unknown },
+      permission: P,
+   ): Promise<void>;
+   async granted<P extends Permission<any, any, any, any>>(
+      c: { context: ModuleBuildContextMcpContext; raw?: unknown },
+      permission: P,
+      context?: PermissionContext<P>,
+   ): Promise<void> {
       invariant(c.context.app, "app is not available in mcp context");
       const auth = c.context.app.module.auth;
       if (!auth.enabled) return;
@@ -127,12 +137,6 @@ export class ModuleHelper {
       }
 
       const user = await auth.authenticator?.resolveAuthFromRequest(c.raw as any);
-
-      if (!this.ctx.guard.granted(permission, user)) {
-         throw new Exception(
-            `Permission "${typeof permission === "string" ? permission : permission.name}" not granted`,
-            403,
-         );
-      }
+      this.ctx.guard.granted(permission, user as any, context as any);
    }
 }

app/src/modules/SystemApi.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { ConfigUpdateResponse } from "modules/server/SystemController";
 import { ModuleApi } from "./ModuleApi";
 import type { ModuleConfigs, ModuleKey, ModuleSchemas } from "./ModuleManager";
+import type { TPermission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 
 export type ApiSchemaResponse = {
    version: number;
@@ -54,4 +55,8 @@ export class SystemApi extends ModuleApi<any> {
    removeConfig<Module extends ModuleKey>(module: Module, path: string) {
       return this.delete<ConfigUpdateResponse>(["config", "remove", module, path]);
    }
+
+   permissions() {
+      return this.get<{ permissions: TPermission[]; context: object }>("permissions");
+   }
 }

app/src/modules/middlewares/index.ts

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-export { auth, permission } from "auth/middlewares";
+export { auth } from "auth/middlewares/auth.middleware";
+export { permission } from "auth/middlewares/permission.middleware";

app/src/modules/permissions/index.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,35 @@
-import { Permission } from "core/security/Permission";
+import { Permission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import { s } from "bknd/utils";
 
 export const accessAdmin = new Permission("system.access.admin");
 export const accessApi = new Permission("system.access.api");
-export const configRead = new Permission("system.config.read");
-export const configReadSecrets = new Permission("system.config.read.secrets");
-export const configWrite = new Permission("system.config.write");
-export const schemaRead = new Permission("system.schema.read");
+export const configRead = new Permission(
+   "system.config.read",
+   {},
+   s.object({
+      module: s.string().optional(),
+   }),
+);
+export const configReadSecrets = new Permission(
+   "system.config.read.secrets",
+   {},
+   s.object({
+      module: s.string().optional(),
+   }),
+);
+export const configWrite = new Permission(
+   "system.config.write",
+   {},
+   s.object({
+      module: s.string().optional(),
+   }),
+);
+export const schemaRead = new Permission(
+   "system.schema.read",
+   {},
+   s.object({
+      module: s.string().optional(),
+   }),
+);
 export const build = new Permission("system.build");
 export const mcp = new Permission("system.mcp");

app/src/modules/server/AdminController.tsx

@@ -114,8 +114,9 @@ export class AdminController extends Controller {
             }),
             permission(SystemPermissions.schemaRead, {
                onDenied: async (c) => {
-                  addFlashMessage(c, "You not allowed to read the schema", "warning");
+                  addFlashMessage(c, "You are not allowed to read the schema", "warning");
                },
+               context: (c) => ({}),
             }),
             async (c) => {
                const obj: AdminBkndWindowContext = {
@@ -139,17 +140,19 @@ export class AdminController extends Controller {
       }
 
       if (auth_enabled) {
+         const options = {
+            onGranted: async (c) => {
+               // @todo: add strict test to permissions middleware?
+               if (c.get("auth")?.user) {
+                  $console.log("redirecting to success");
+                  return c.redirect(authRoutes.success);
+               }
+            },
+            context: (c) => ({}),
+         };
          const redirectRouteParams = [
-            permission([SystemPermissions.accessAdmin, SystemPermissions.schemaRead], {
-               // @ts-ignore
-               onGranted: async (c) => {
-                  // @todo: add strict test to permissions middleware?
-                  if (c.get("auth")?.user) {
-                     $console.log("redirecting to success");
-                     return c.redirect(authRoutes.success);
-                  }
-               },
-            }),
+            permission(SystemPermissions.accessAdmin, options as any),
+            permission(SystemPermissions.schemaRead, options),
             async (c) => {
                return c.html(c.get("html")!);
             },

app/src/modules/server/AppServer.ts

@@ -92,6 +92,10 @@ export class AppServer extends Module<AppServerConfig> {
          }
 
          if (err instanceof AuthException) {
+            if (isDebug()) {
+               return c.json(err.toJSON(), err.code);
+            }
+
             return c.json(err.toJSON(), err.getSafeErrorAndCode().code);
          }
 

app/src/modules/server/SystemController.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
    mcp as mcpMiddleware,
    isNode,
    type McpServer,
+   threw,
 } from "bknd/utils";
 import type { Context, Hono } from "hono";
 import { Controller } from "modules/Controller";
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import { getVersion } from "core/env";
 import type { Module } from "modules/Module";
 import { getSystemMcp } from "modules/mcp/system-mcp";
 import type { DbModuleManager } from "modules/db/DbModuleManager";
+import type { TPermission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 
 export type ConfigUpdate<Key extends ModuleKey = ModuleKey> = {
    success: true;
@@ -46,7 +48,8 @@ export type SchemaResponse = {
    schema: ModuleSchemas;
    readonly: boolean;
    config: ModuleConfigs;
-   permissions: string[];
+   //permissions: string[];
+   permissions: TPermission[];
 };
 
 export class SystemController extends Controller {
@@ -67,10 +70,13 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
       if (!config.mcp.enabled) {
          return;
       }
+      const { permission } = this.middlewares;
 
       this.registerMcp();
 
-      app.server.use(
+      app.server.all(
+         config.mcp.path,
+         permission(SystemPermissions.mcp, {}),
          mcpMiddleware({
             setup: async () => {
                if (!this._mcpServer) {
@@ -108,7 +114,6 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
                explainEndpoint: true,
             },
             endpoint: {
-               path: config.mcp.path as any,
                // @ts-ignore
                _init: isNode() ? { duplex: "half" } : {},
             },
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
    private registerConfigController(client: Hono<any>): void {
       const { permission } = this.middlewares;
       // don't add auth again, it's already added in getController
-      const hono = this.create().use(permission(SystemPermissions.configRead));
+      const hono = this.create(); /* .use(permission(SystemPermissions.configRead)); */
 
       if (!this.app.isReadOnly()) {
          const manager = this.app.modules as DbModuleManager;
@@ -130,7 +135,11 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
                summary: "Get the raw config",
                tags: ["system"],
             }),
-            permission([SystemPermissions.configReadSecrets]),
+            permission(SystemPermissions.configReadSecrets, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  module: c.req.param("module"),
+               }),
+            }),
             async (c) => {
                // @ts-expect-error "fetch" is private
                return c.json(await this.app.modules.fetch().then((r) => r?.configs));
@@ -165,7 +174,11 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
 
          hono.post(
             "/set/:module",
-            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite),
+            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  module: c.req.param("module"),
+               }),
+            }),
             jsc("query", s.object({ force: s.boolean().optional() }), { skipOpenAPI: true }),
             async (c) => {
                const module = c.req.param("module") as any;
@@ -194,32 +207,44 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
             },
          );
 
-         hono.post("/add/:module/:path", permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite), async (c) => {
-            // @todo: require auth (admin)
-            const module = c.req.param("module") as any;
-            const value = await c.req.json();
-            const path = c.req.param("path") as string;
+         hono.post(
+            "/add/:module/:path",
+            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  module: c.req.param("module"),
+               }),
+            }),
+            async (c) => {
+               // @todo: require auth (admin)
+               const module = c.req.param("module") as any;
+               const value = await c.req.json();
+               const path = c.req.param("path") as string;
 
-            if (this.app.modules.get(module).schema().has(path)) {
-               return c.json(
-                  { success: false, path, error: "Path already exists" },
-                  { status: 400 },
-               );
-            }
+               if (this.app.modules.get(module).schema().has(path)) {
+                  return c.json(
+                     { success: false, path, error: "Path already exists" },
+                     { status: 400 },
+                  );
+               }
 
-            return await handleConfigUpdateResponse(c, async () => {
-               await manager.mutateConfigSafe(module).patch(path, value);
-               return {
-                  success: true,
-                  module,
-                  config: this.app.module[module].config,
-               };
-            });
-         });
+               return await handleConfigUpdateResponse(c, async () => {
+                  await manager.mutateConfigSafe(module).patch(path, value);
+                  return {
+                     success: true,
+                     module,
+                     config: this.app.module[module].config,
+                  };
+               });
+            },
+         );
 
          hono.patch(
             "/patch/:module/:path",
-            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite),
+            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  module: c.req.param("module"),
+               }),
+            }),
             async (c) => {
                // @todo: require auth (admin)
                const module = c.req.param("module") as any;
@@ -239,7 +264,11 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
 
          hono.put(
             "/overwrite/:module/:path",
-            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite),
+            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  module: c.req.param("module"),
+               }),
+            }),
             async (c) => {
                // @todo: require auth (admin)
                const module = c.req.param("module") as any;
@@ -259,7 +288,11 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
 
          hono.delete(
             "/remove/:module/:path",
-            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite),
+            permission(SystemPermissions.configWrite, {
+               context: (c) => ({
+                  module: c.req.param("module"),
+               }),
+            }),
             async (c) => {
                // @todo: require auth (admin)
                const module = c.req.param("module") as any;
@@ -295,7 +328,11 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
             const { secrets } = c.req.valid("query");
             const { module } = c.req.valid("param");
 
-            secrets && this.ctx.guard.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.configReadSecrets, c);
+            if (secrets) {
+               this.ctx.guard.granted(SystemPermissions.configReadSecrets, c, {
+                  module,
+               });
+            }
 
             const config = this.app.toJSON(secrets);
 
@@ -326,7 +363,11 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
             summary: "Get the schema for a module",
             tags: ["system"],
          }),
-         permission(SystemPermissions.schemaRead),
+         permission(SystemPermissions.schemaRead, {
+            context: (c) => ({
+               module: c.req.param("module"),
+            }),
+         }),
          jsc(
             "query",
             s
@@ -340,10 +381,22 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
          async (c) => {
             const module = c.req.param("module") as ModuleKey | undefined;
             const { config, secrets, fresh } = c.req.valid("query");
-            const readonly = this.app.isReadOnly();
+            const readonly =
+               // either if app is read only in general
+               this.app.isReadOnly() ||
+               // or if user is not allowed to modify the config
+               threw(() => this.ctx.guard.granted(SystemPermissions.configWrite, c, { module }));
 
-            config && this.ctx.guard.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.configRead, c);
-            secrets && this.ctx.guard.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.configReadSecrets, c);
+            if (config) {
+               this.ctx.guard.granted(SystemPermissions.configRead, c, {
+                  module,
+               });
+            }
+            if (secrets) {
+               this.ctx.guard.granted(SystemPermissions.configReadSecrets, c, {
+                  module,
+               });
+            }
 
             const { version, ...schema } = this.app.getSchema();
 
@@ -368,11 +421,23 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
                readonly,
                schema,
                config: config ? this.app.toJSON(secrets) : undefined,
-               permissions: this.app.modules.ctx().guard.getPermissionNames(),
+               permissions: this.app.modules.ctx().guard.getPermissions(),
             });
          },
       );
 
+      hono.get(
+         "/permissions",
+         describeRoute({
+            summary: "Get the permissions",
+            tags: ["system"],
+         }),
+         (c) => {
+            const permissions = this.app.modules.ctx().guard.getPermissions();
+            return c.json({ permissions, context: this.app.module.auth.getGuardContextSchema() });
+         },
+      );
+
       hono.post(
          "/build",
          describeRoute({
@@ -383,7 +448,7 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
          jsc("query", s.object({ sync: s.boolean().optional(), fetch: s.boolean().optional() })),
          async (c) => {
             const options = c.req.valid("query") as Record<string, boolean>;
-            this.ctx.guard.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.build, c);
+            this.ctx.guard.granted(SystemPermissions.build, c);
 
             await this.app.build(options);
             return c.json({
@@ -455,7 +520,7 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
       const { version, ...appConfig } = this.app.toJSON();
 
       mcp.resource("system_config", "bknd://system/config", async (c) => {
-         await c.context.ctx().helper.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.configRead, c);
+         await c.context.ctx().helper.granted(c, SystemPermissions.configRead, {});
 
          return c.json(this.app.toJSON(), {
             title: "System Config",
@@ -465,7 +530,9 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
             "system_config_module",
             "bknd://system/config/{module}",
             async (c, { module }) => {
-               await this.ctx.helper.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.configRead, c);
+               await this.ctx.helper.granted(c, SystemPermissions.configRead, {
+                  module,
+               });
 
                const m = this.app.modules.get(module as any) as Module;
                return c.json(m.toJSON(), {
@@ -477,7 +544,7 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
             },
          )
          .resource("system_schema", "bknd://system/schema", async (c) => {
-            await this.ctx.helper.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.schemaRead, c);
+            await this.ctx.helper.granted(c, SystemPermissions.schemaRead, {});
 
             return c.json(this.app.getSchema(), {
                title: "System Schema",
@@ -487,7 +554,9 @@ export class SystemController extends Controller {
             "system_schema_module",
             "bknd://system/schema/{module}",
             async (c, { module }) => {
-               await this.ctx.helper.throwUnlessGranted(SystemPermissions.schemaRead, c);
+               await this.ctx.helper.granted(c, SystemPermissions.schemaRead, {
+                  module,
+               });
 
                const m = this.app.modules.get(module as any);
                return c.json(m.getSchema().toJSON(), {

app/src/ui/client/BkndProvider.tsx

@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@ import { AppReduced } from "./utils/AppReduced";
 import { Message } from "ui/components/display/Message";
 import { useNavigate } from "ui/lib/routes";
 import type { BkndAdminProps } from "ui/Admin";
+import type { TPermission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
 
 export type BkndContext = {
    version: number;
    readonly: boolean;
    schema: ModuleSchemas;
    config: ModuleConfigs;
-   permissions: string[];
+   permissions: TPermission[];
    hasSecrets: boolean;
    requireSecrets: () => Promise<void>;
    actions: ReturnType<typeof getSchemaActions>;

app/src/ui/client/api/use-api.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { Api } from "Api";
 import { FetchPromise, type ModuleApi, type ResponseObject } from "modules/ModuleApi";
-import useSWR, { type SWRConfiguration, useSWRConfig } from "swr";
+import useSWR, { type SWRConfiguration, useSWRConfig, type Middleware, type SWRHook } from "swr";
 import useSWRInfinite from "swr/infinite";
 import { useApi } from "ui/client";
 import { useState } from "react";
@@ -89,3 +89,25 @@ export const useInvalidate = (options?: { exact?: boolean }) => {
       return mutate((k) => typeof k === "string" && k.startsWith(key));
    };
 };
+
+const mountOnceCache = new Map<string, any>();
+
+/**
+ * Simple middleware to only load on first mount.
+ */
+export const mountOnce: Middleware = (useSWRNext: SWRHook) => (key, fetcher, config) => {
+   if (typeof key === "string") {
+      if (mountOnceCache.has(key)) {
+         return useSWRNext(key, fetcher, {
+            ...config,
+            revalidateOnMount: false,
+         });
+      }
+      const swr = useSWRNext(key, fetcher, config);
+      if (swr.data) {
+         mountOnceCache.set(key, true);
+      }
+      return swr;
+   }
+   return useSWRNext(key, fetcher, config);
+};

app/src/ui/client/schema/auth/use-bknd-auth.ts

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export function useBkndAuth() {
          has_admin: Object.entries(config.auth.roles ?? {}).some(
             ([name, role]) =>
                role.implicit_allow ||
-               minimum_permissions.every((p) => role.permissions?.includes(p)),
+               minimum_permissions.every((p) => role.permissions?.some((p) => p.permission === p)),
          ),
       },
       routes: {

app/src/ui/components/buttons/Button.tsx

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ import { twMerge } from "tailwind-merge";
 import { Link } from "ui/components/wouter/Link";
 
 const sizes = {
+   smaller: "px-1.5 py-1 rounded-md gap-1 !text-xs",
    small: "px-2 py-1.5 rounded-md gap-1 text-sm",
    default: "px-3 py-2.5 rounded-md gap-1.5",
    large: "px-4 py-3 rounded-md gap-2.5 text-lg",
 };
 
 const iconSizes = {
-   small: 12,
+   smaller: 12,
+   small: 14,
    default: 16,
    large: 20,
 };

app/src/ui/components/code/CodePreview.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTheme } from "ui/client/use-theme";
+import { cn } from "ui/lib/utils";
+
+export type CodePreviewProps = {
+   code: string;
+   className?: string;
+   lang?: string;
+   theme?: string;
+   enabled?: boolean;
+};
+
+export const CodePreview = ({
+   code,
+   className,
+   lang = "typescript",
+   theme: _theme,
+   enabled = true,
+}: CodePreviewProps) => {
+   const [highlightedHtml, setHighlightedHtml] = useState<string | null>(null);
+   const $theme = useTheme();
+   const theme = (_theme ?? $theme.theme === "dark") ? "github-dark" : "github-light";
+
+   useEffect(() => {
+      if (!enabled) return;
+
+      let cancelled = false;
+      setHighlightedHtml(null);
+
+      async function highlightCode() {
+         try {
+            // Dynamically import Shiki from CDN
+            // @ts-expect-error - Dynamic CDN import
+            const { codeToHtml } = await import("https://esm.sh/shiki@3.13.0");
+
+            if (cancelled) return;
+
+            const html = await codeToHtml(code, {
+               lang,
+               theme,
+               structure: "inline",
+            });
+
+            if (cancelled) return;
+
+            setHighlightedHtml(html);
+         } catch (error) {
+            console.error("Failed to load Shiki:", error);
+            // Fallback to plain text if Shiki fails to load
+            if (!cancelled) {
+               setHighlightedHtml(code);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      highlightCode();
+
+      return () => {
+         cancelled = true;
+      };
+   }, [code, enabled]);
+
+   if (!highlightedHtml) {
+      return <pre className={cn("select-text cursor-text", className)}>{code}</pre>;
+   }
+
+   return (
+      <pre
+         className={cn("select-text cursor-text", className)}
+         dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: highlightedHtml }}
+      />
+   );
+};

app/src/ui/components/code/JsonEditor.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,38 @@
-import { Suspense, lazy } from "react";
+import { Suspense, lazy, useState } from "react";
 import { twMerge } from "tailwind-merge";
 import type { CodeEditorProps } from "./CodeEditor";
+import { useDebouncedCallback } from "@mantine/hooks";
 const CodeEditor = lazy(() => import("./CodeEditor"));
 
-export function JsonEditor({ editable, className, ...props }: CodeEditorProps) {
+export type JsonEditorProps = Omit<CodeEditorProps, "value" | "onChange"> & {
+   value?: object;
+   onChange?: (value: object) => void;
+   emptyAs?: "null" | "undefined";
+};
+
+export function JsonEditor({
+   editable,
+   className,
+   value,
+   onChange,
+   onBlur,
+   emptyAs = "undefined",
+   ...props
+}: JsonEditorProps) {
+   const [editorValue, setEditorValue] = useState<string | null | undefined>(
+      JSON.stringify(value, null, 2),
+   );
+   const handleChange = useDebouncedCallback((given: string) => {
+      const value = given === "" ? (emptyAs === "null" ? null : undefined) : given;
+      try {
+         setEditorValue(value);
+         onChange?.(value ? JSON.parse(value) : value);
+      } catch (e) {}
+   }, 500);
+   const handleBlur = (e) => {
+      setEditorValue(JSON.stringify(value, null, 2));
+      onBlur?.(e);
+   };
    return (
       <Suspense fallback={null}>
          <CodeEditor
@@ -14,6 +43,9 @@ export function JsonEditor({ editable, className, ...props }: CodeEditorProps) {
             )}
             editable={editable}
             _extensions={{ json: true }}
+            value={editorValue ?? undefined}
+            onChange={handleChange}
+            onBlur={handleBlur}
             {...props}
          />
       </Suspense>

app/src/ui/components/form/Formy/components.tsx

@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ export const Group = <E extends ElementType = "div">({
    return (
       <Tag
          {...props}
+         data-role="group"
          className={twMerge(
-            "flex flex-col gap-1.5",
+            "flex flex-col gap-1.5 w-full",
             as === "fieldset" && "border border-primary/10 p-3 rounded-md",
             as === "fieldset" && error && "border-red-500",
             error && "text-red-500",

app/src/ui/components/form/json-schema-form/ArrayField.tsx

@@ -5,19 +5,29 @@ import { Button } from "ui/components/buttons/Button";
 import { IconButton } from "ui/components/buttons/IconButton";
 import { Dropdown } from "ui/components/overlay/Dropdown";
 import { useEvent } from "ui/hooks/use-event";
-import { FieldComponent } from "./Field";
-import { FieldWrapper } from "./FieldWrapper";
-import { useDerivedFieldContext, useFormValue } from "./Form";
+import { Field, FieldComponent, type FieldProps } from "./Field";
+import { FieldWrapper, type FieldwrapperProps } from "./FieldWrapper";
+import { FormContextOverride, useDerivedFieldContext, useFormValue } from "./Form";
 import { coerce, getMultiSchema, getMultiSchemaMatched, isEqual, suffixPath } from "./utils";
 
-export const ArrayField = ({ path = "" }: { path?: string }) => {
+export type ArrayFieldProps = {
+   path?: string;
+   labelAdd?: string;
+   wrapperProps?: Omit<FieldwrapperProps, "name" | "children">;
+};
+
+export const ArrayField = ({
+   path = "",
+   labelAdd = "Add",
+   wrapperProps = { wrapper: "fieldset" },
+}: ArrayFieldProps) => {
    const { setValue, pointer, required, schema, ...ctx } = useDerivedFieldContext(path);
    if (!schema || typeof schema === "undefined") return `ArrayField(${path}): no schema ${pointer}`;
 
    // if unique items with enum
    if (schema.uniqueItems && typeof schema.items === "object" && "enum" in schema.items) {
       return (
-         <FieldWrapper name={path} schema={schema} wrapper="fieldset">
+         <FieldWrapper {...wrapperProps} name={path} schema={schema}>
             <FieldComponent
                required
                name={path}
@@ -35,7 +45,7 @@ export const ArrayField = ({ path = "" }: { path?: string }) => {
    }
 
    return (
-      <FieldWrapper name={path} schema={schema} wrapper="fieldset">
+      <FieldWrapper {...wrapperProps} name={path} schema={schema}>
          <ArrayIterator name={path}>
             {({ value }) =>
                value?.map((v, index: number) => (
@@ -44,17 +54,21 @@ export const ArrayField = ({ path = "" }: { path?: string }) => {
             }
          </ArrayIterator>
          <div className="flex flex-row">
-            <ArrayAdd path={path} schema={schema} />
+            <ArrayAdd path={path} schema={schema} label={labelAdd} />
          </div>
       </FieldWrapper>
    );
 };
 
 const ArrayItem = memo(({ path, index, schema }: any) => {
-   const { value, ...ctx } = useDerivedFieldContext(path, (ctx) => {
+   const {
+      value,
+      path: absolutePath,
+      ...ctx
+   } = useDerivedFieldContext(path, (ctx) => {
       return ctx.value?.[index];
    });
-   const itemPath = suffixPath(path, index);
+   const itemPath = suffixPath(absolutePath, index);
    let subschema = schema.items;
    const itemsMultiSchema = getMultiSchema(schema.items);
    if (itemsMultiSchema) {
@@ -62,10 +76,6 @@ const ArrayItem = memo(({ path, index, schema }: any) => {
       subschema = _subschema;
    }
 
-   const handleUpdate = useEvent((pointer: string, value: any) => {
-      ctx.setValue(pointer, value);
-   });
-
    const handleDelete = useEvent((pointer: string) => {
       ctx.deleteValue(pointer);
    });
@@ -76,21 +86,26 @@ const ArrayItem = memo(({ path, index, schema }: any) => {
    );
 
    return (
-      <div key={itemPath} className="flex flex-row gap-2">
-         <FieldComponent
-            name={itemPath}
-            schema={subschema!}
-            value={value}
-            onChange={(e) => {
-               handleUpdate(itemPath, coerce(e.target.value, subschema!));
-            }}
-            className="w-full"
-         />
-         {DeleteButton}
-      </div>
+      <FormContextOverride prefix={itemPath} schema={subschema!}>
+         <div className="flex flex-row gap-2 w-full">
+            {/* another wrap is required for primitive schemas */}
+            <AnotherField label={false} />
+            {DeleteButton}
+         </div>
+      </FormContextOverride>
    );
 }, isEqual);
 
+const AnotherField = (props: Partial<FieldProps>) => {
+   const { value } = useFormValue("");
+
+   const inputProps = {
+      // @todo: check, potentially just provide value
+      value: ["string", "number", "boolean"].includes(typeof value) ? value : undefined,
+   };
+   return <Field name={""} label={false} {...props} inputProps={inputProps} />;
+};
+
 const ArrayIterator = memo(
    ({ name, children }: any) => {
       return children(useFormValue(name));
@@ -98,19 +113,25 @@ const ArrayIterator = memo(
    (prev, next) => prev.value?.length === next.value?.length,
 );
 
-const ArrayAdd = ({ schema, path }: { schema: JsonSchema; path: string }) => {
+const ArrayAdd = ({
+   schema,
+   path: _path,
+   label = "Add",
+}: { schema: JsonSchema; path: string; label?: string }) => {
    const {
       setValue,
       value: { currentIndex },
+      path,
       ...ctx
-   } = useDerivedFieldContext(path, (ctx) => {
+   } = useDerivedFieldContext(_path, (ctx) => {
       return { currentIndex: ctx.value?.length ?? 0 };
    });
    const itemsMultiSchema = getMultiSchema(schema.items);
+   const options = { addOptionalProps: true };
 
    function handleAdd(template?: any) {
       const newPath = suffixPath(path, currentIndex);
-      setValue(newPath, template ?? ctx.lib.getTemplate(undefined, schema!.items));
+      setValue(newPath, template ?? ctx.lib.getTemplate(undefined, schema!.items, options));
    }
 
    if (itemsMultiSchema) {
@@ -121,14 +142,14 @@ const ArrayAdd = ({ schema, path }: { schema: JsonSchema; path: string }) => {
             }}
             items={itemsMultiSchema.map((s, i) => ({
                label: s!.title ?? `Option ${i + 1}`,
-               onClick: () => handleAdd(ctx.lib.getTemplate(undefined, s!)),
+               onClick: () => handleAdd(ctx.lib.getTemplate(undefined, s!, options)),
             }))}
             onClickItem={console.log}
          >
-            <Button IconLeft={IconLibraryPlus}>Add</Button>
+            <Button IconLeft={IconLibraryPlus}>{label}</Button>
          </Dropdown>
       );
    }
 
-   return <Button onClick={() => handleAdd()}>Add</Button>;
+   return <Button onClick={() => handleAdd()}>{label}</Button>;
 };

app/src/ui/components/form/json-schema-form/Field.tsx

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ const FieldImpl = ({
       );
 
    if (isType(schema.type, "object")) {
-      return <ObjectField path={name} />;
+      return <ObjectField path={name} wrapperProps={props} />;
    }
 
    if (isType(schema.type, "array")) {
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ export type CustomFieldProps<Data = any> = {
    ) => React.ReactNode;
 };
 
-export const CustomField = <Data = any>({
+export function CustomField<Data = any>({
    path: _path,
    valueStrict = true,
    deriveFn,
    children,
-}: CustomFieldProps<Data>) => {
+}: CustomFieldProps<Data>) {
    const ctx = useDerivedFieldContext(_path, deriveFn);
-   const $value = useFormValue(ctx.path, { strict: valueStrict });
+   const $value = useFormValue(_path, { strict: valueStrict });
    const setValue = (value: any) => ctx.setValue(ctx.path, value);
    return children({ ...ctx, ...$value, setValue, _setValue: ctx.setValue });
-};
+}

app/src/ui/components/form/json-schema-form/FieldWrapper.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { IconBug } from "@tabler/icons-react";
+import { IconBug, IconInfoCircle } from "@tabler/icons-react";
 import type { JsonSchema } from "json-schema-library";
 import { Children, type ReactElement, type ReactNode, cloneElement, isValidElement } from "react";
 import { IconButton } from "ui/components/buttons/IconButton";
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import {
 } from "ui/components/form/json-schema-form/Form";
 import { Popover } from "ui/components/overlay/Popover";
 import { getLabel } from "./utils";
+import { twMerge } from "tailwind-merge";
+import { Tooltip } from "@mantine/core";
 
 export type FieldwrapperProps = {
    name: string;
@@ -23,8 +25,9 @@ export type FieldwrapperProps = {
    children: ReactElement | ReactNode;
    errorPlacement?: "top" | "bottom";
    description?: string;
-   descriptionPlacement?: "top" | "bottom";
+   descriptionPlacement?: "top" | "bottom" | "label";
    fieldId?: string;
+   className?: string;
 };
 
 export function FieldWrapper({
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ export function FieldWrapper({
    descriptionPlacement = "bottom",
    children,
    fieldId,
+   className,
    ...props
 }: FieldwrapperProps) {
    const errors = useFormError(name, { strict: true });
@@ -50,17 +54,23 @@ export function FieldWrapper({
       <Formy.ErrorMessage>{errors.map((e) => e.message).join(", ")}</Formy.ErrorMessage>
    );
 
-   const Description = description && (
-      <Formy.Help className={descriptionPlacement === "top" ? "-mt-1 mb-1" : "mb-2"}>
-         {description}
-      </Formy.Help>
-   );
+   const Description = description ? (
+      ["top", "bottom"].includes(descriptionPlacement) ? (
+         <Formy.Help className={descriptionPlacement === "top" ? "-mt-1 mb-1" : "mb-2"}>
+            {description}
+         </Formy.Help>
+      ) : (
+         <Tooltip label={description}>
+            <IconInfoCircle className="size-4 opacity-50" />
+         </Tooltip>
+      )
+   ) : null;
 
    return (
       <Formy.Group
          error={errors.length > 0}
          as={wrapper === "fieldset" ? "fieldset" : "div"}
-         className={hidden ? "hidden" : "relative"}
+         className={twMerge(hidden ? "hidden" : "relative", className)}
       >
          {errorPlacement === "top" && Errors}
          <FieldDebug name={name} schema={schema} required={required} />
@@ -69,14 +79,15 @@ export function FieldWrapper({
             <Formy.Label
                as={wrapper === "fieldset" ? "legend" : "label"}
                htmlFor={fieldId}
-               className="self-start"
+               className="self-start flex flex-row gap-1 items-center"
             >
                {label} {required && <span className="font-medium opacity-30">*</span>}
+               {descriptionPlacement === "label" && Description}
             </Formy.Label>
          )}
          {descriptionPlacement === "top" && Description}
 
-         <div className="flex flex-row gap-2">
+         <div className="flex flex-row flex-grow gap-2">
             <div className="flex flex-1 flex-col gap-3">
                {Children.count(children) === 1 && isValidElement(children)
                   ? cloneElement(children, {

app/src/ui/components/form/json-schema-form/Form.tsx

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ export function Form<
    onInvalidSubmit,
    validateOn = "submit",
    hiddenSubmit = true,
+   beforeSubmit,
    ignoreKeys = [],
    options = {},
    readOnly = false,
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ export function Form<
    initialOpts?: LibTemplateOptions;
    ignoreKeys?: string[];
    onChange?: (data: Partial<Data>, name: string, value: any, context: FormContext<Data>) => void;
+   beforeSubmit?: (data: Data) => Data;
    onSubmit?: (data: Data) => void | Promise<void>;
    onInvalidSubmit?: (errors: JsonError[], data: Partial<Data>) => void;
    hiddenSubmit?: boolean;
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ export function Form<
             if (errors.length === 0) {
                await onSubmit(data as Data);
             } else {
-               console.log("invalid", errors);
+               console.error("form: invalid", { data, errors });
                onInvalidSubmit?.(errors, data);
             }
          } catch (e) {
@@ -177,7 +179,8 @@ export function Form<
    });
 
    const validate = useEvent((_data?: Partial<Data>) => {
-      const actual = _data ?? getCurrentState()?.data;
+      const before = beforeSubmit ?? ((a: any) => a);
+      const actual = before((_data as any) ?? getCurrentState()?.data);
       const errors = lib.validate(actual, schema);
       setFormState((prev) => ({ ...prev, errors }));
       return { data: actual, errors };
@@ -378,5 +381,5 @@ export function FormDebug({ force = false }: { force?: boolean }) {
    if (options?.debug !== true && force !== true) return null;
    const ctx = useFormStateSelector((s) => s);
 
-   return <JsonViewer json={ctx} expand={99} />;
+   return <JsonViewer json={ctx} expand={99} showCopy />;
 }

app/src/ui/components/form/json-schema-form/ObjectField.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ import { isTypeSchema } from "ui/components/form/json-schema-form/utils";
 import { AnyOfField } from "./AnyOfField";
 import { Field } from "./Field";
 import { FieldWrapper, type FieldwrapperProps } from "./FieldWrapper";
-import { type JSONSchema, useDerivedFieldContext } from "./Form";
+import { type JSONSchema, useDerivedFieldContext, useFormValue } from "./Form";
+import { JsonEditor } from "ui/components/code/JsonEditor";
 
 export type ObjectFieldProps = {
    path?: string;
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ export type ObjectFieldProps = {
 };
 
 export const ObjectField = ({ path = "", label: _label, wrapperProps = {} }: ObjectFieldProps) => {
-   const { schema, ...ctx } = useDerivedFieldContext(path);
+   const { schema } = useDerivedFieldContext(path);
    if (!isTypeSchema(schema)) return `ObjectField "${path}": no schema`;
    const properties = Object.entries(schema.properties ?? {}) as [string, JSONSchema][];
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ export const ObjectField = ({ path = "", label: _label, wrapperProps = {} }: Obj
          {...wrapperProps}
       >
          {properties.length === 0 ? (
-            <i className="opacity-50">No properties</i>
+            <ObjectJsonField path={path} />
          ) : (
             properties.map(([prop, schema]) => {
                const name = [path, prop].filter(Boolean).join(".");
@@ -40,3 +41,9 @@ export const ObjectField = ({ path = "", label: _label, wrapperProps = {} }: Obj
       </FieldWrapper>
    );
 };
+
+export const ObjectJsonField = ({ path }: { path: string }) => {
+   const { value } = useFormValue(path);
+   const { setValue, path: absolutePath } = useDerivedFieldContext(path);
+   return <JsonEditor value={value} onChange={(value) => setValue(absolutePath, value)} />;
+};

app/src/ui/components/form/json-schema-form/utils.ts

@@ -67,18 +67,23 @@ export function isRequired(lib: Draft, pointer: string, schema: JsonSchema, data
          return false;
       }
 
-      const childSchema = lib.getSchema({ pointer, data, schema });
-      if (typeof childSchema === "object" && "const" in childSchema) {
-         return true;
+      try {
+         const childSchema = lib.getSchema({ pointer, data, schema });
+         if (typeof childSchema === "object" && "const" in childSchema) {
+            return true;
+         }
+      } catch (e) {
+         return false;
       }
 
       const parentPointer = getParentPointer(pointer);
       const parentSchema = lib.getSchema({ pointer: parentPointer, data });
-      const required = parentSchema?.required?.includes(pointer.split("/").pop()!);
+      const l = pointer.split("/").pop();
+      const required = parentSchema?.required?.includes(l);
 
       return !!required;
    } catch (e) {
-      console.error("isRequired", { pointer, schema, data, e });
+      console.warn("isRequired", { pointer, schema, data, e });
       return false;
    }
 }

app/src/ui/components/form/json-schema/fields/JsonField.tsx

@@ -10,23 +10,13 @@ export default function JsonField({
    readonly,
    ...props
 }: FieldProps) {
-   const value = JSON.stringify(formData, null, 2);
-
-   function handleChange(data) {
-      try {
-         onChange(JSON.parse(data));
-      } catch (err) {
-         console.error(err);
-      }
-   }
-
    const isDisabled = disabled || readonly;
    const id = props.idSchema.$id;
 
    return (
       <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
          <Label label={props.name} id={id} />
-         <JsonEditor value={value} editable={!isDisabled} onChange={handleChange} />
+         <JsonEditor value={formData} editable={!isDisabled} onChange={onChange} />
       </div>
    );
 }

app/src/ui/routes/auth/auth.roles.edit.$role.tsx

@@ -1,17 +1,48 @@
-import { useRef } from "react";
-import { TbDots } from "react-icons/tb";
 import { useBknd } from "ui/client/bknd";
-import { useBkndAuth } from "ui/client/schema/auth/use-bknd-auth";
-import { Button } from "ui/components/buttons/Button";
-import { IconButton } from "ui/components/buttons/IconButton";
 import { Message } from "ui/components/display/Message";
+import { useBkndAuth } from "ui/client/schema/auth/use-bknd-auth";
+import { useBrowserTitle } from "ui/hooks/use-browser-title";
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { useNavigate } from "ui/lib/routes";
+import { isDebug } from "core/env";
 import { Dropdown } from "ui/components/overlay/Dropdown";
-import * as AppShell from "ui/layouts/AppShell/AppShell";
+import { IconButton } from "ui/components/buttons/IconButton";
+import { TbAdjustments, TbDots, TbFilter, TbTrash, TbInfoCircle, TbCodeDots } from "react-icons/tb";
+import { Button } from "ui/components/buttons/Button";
 import { Breadcrumbs2 } from "ui/layouts/AppShell/Breadcrumbs2";
-import { routes, useNavigate } from "ui/lib/routes";
-import { AuthRoleForm, type AuthRoleFormRef } from "ui/routes/auth/forms/role.form";
+import { routes } from "ui/lib/routes";
+import * as AppShell from "ui/layouts/AppShell/AppShell";
+import * as Formy from "ui/components/form/Formy";
+import { ucFirst, s, transformObject, isObject, autoFormatString } from "bknd/utils";
+import type { ModuleSchemas } from "bknd";
+import {
+   CustomField,
+   Field,
+   FieldWrapper,
+   Form,
+   FormContextOverride,
+   FormDebug,
+   ObjectJsonField,
+   Subscribe,
+   useDerivedFieldContext,
+   useFormContext,
+   useFormError,
+   useFormValue,
+} from "ui/components/form/json-schema-form";
+import type { TPermission } from "auth/authorize/Permission";
+import type { RoleSchema } from "auth/authorize/Role";
+import { SegmentedControl, Tooltip } from "@mantine/core";
+import { Popover } from "ui/components/overlay/Popover";
+import { cn } from "ui/lib/utils";
+import { JsonViewer } from "ui/components/code/JsonViewer";
+import { mountOnce, useApiQuery } from "ui/client";
+import { CodePreview } from "ui/components/code/CodePreview";
+import type { JsonError } from "json-schema-library";
+import { Alert } from "ui/components/display/Alert";
 
 export function AuthRolesEdit(props) {
+   useBrowserTitle(["Auth", "Roles", props.params.role]);
+
    const { hasSecrets } = useBknd({ withSecrets: true });
    if (!hasSecrets) {
       return <Message.MissingPermission what="Roles & Permissions" />;
@@ -20,32 +51,69 @@ export function AuthRolesEdit(props) {
    return <AuthRolesEditInternal {...props} />;
 }
 
-function AuthRolesEditInternal({ params }) {
+// currently for backward compatibility
+function getSchema(authSchema: ModuleSchemas["auth"]) {
+   const roles = authSchema.properties.roles.additionalProperties;
+   return {
+      ...roles,
+      properties: {
+         ...roles.properties,
+         permissions: {
+            ...roles.properties.permissions.anyOf[1],
+         },
+      },
+   };
+}
+
+const formConfig = {
+   options: {
+      debug: isDebug(),
+   },
+};
+
+function AuthRolesEditInternal({ params }: { params: { role: string } }) {
    const [navigate] = useNavigate();
-   const { config, actions } = useBkndAuth();
+   const { config, schema: authSchema, actions } = useBkndAuth();
+   const [error, setError] = useState<JsonError[]>();
    const roleName = params.role;
    const role = config.roles?.[roleName];
-   const formRef = useRef<AuthRoleFormRef>(null);
-   const { readonly } = useBknd();
+   const { readonly, permissions } = useBknd();
+   const schema = getSchema(authSchema);
+   const data = {
+      ...role,
+      // this is to maintain array structure
+      permissions: permissions.map((p) => {
+         return role?.permissions?.find((v: any) => v.permission === p.name);
+      }),
+   };
 
-   async function handleUpdate() {
-      console.log("data", formRef.current?.isValid());
-      if (!formRef.current?.isValid()) return;
-      const data = formRef.current?.getData();
-      const success = await actions.roles.patch(roleName, data);
+   async function handleDelete() {
+      const success = await actions.roles.delete(roleName);
       if (success) {
          navigate(routes.auth.roles.list());
       }
    }
-
-   async function handleDelete() {
-      if (await actions.roles.delete(roleName)) {
-         navigate(routes.auth.roles.list());
-      }
+   async function handleUpdate(data: any) {
+      setError(undefined);
+      await actions.roles.patch(roleName, data);
    }
 
    return (
-      <>
+      <Form
+         schema={schema as any}
+         initialValues={data}
+         {...formConfig}
+         beforeSubmit={(data) => {
+            return {
+               ...data,
+               permissions: [...Object.values(data.permissions).filter(Boolean)],
+            };
+         }}
+         onSubmit={handleUpdate}
+         onInvalidSubmit={(errors) => {
+            setError(errors);
+         }}
+      >
          <AppShell.SectionHeader
             right={
                <>
@@ -69,9 +137,23 @@ function AuthRolesEditInternal({ params }) {
                      <IconButton Icon={TbDots} />
                   </Dropdown>
                   {!readonly && (
-                     <Button variant="primary" onClick={handleUpdate}>
-                        Update
-                     </Button>
+                     <Subscribe
+                        selector={(state) => ({
+                           dirty: state.dirty,
+                           errors: state.errors.length > 0,
+                           submitting: state.submitting,
+                        })}
+                     >
+                        {({ dirty, errors, submitting }) => (
+                           <Button
+                              variant="primary"
+                              type="submit"
+                              disabled={!dirty || errors || submitting}
+                           >
+                              Update
+                           </Button>
+                        )}
+                     </Subscribe>
                   )}
                </>
             }
@@ -85,8 +167,368 @@ function AuthRolesEditInternal({ params }) {
             />
          </AppShell.SectionHeader>
          <AppShell.Scrollable>
-            <AuthRoleForm ref={formRef} role={role} />
+            {error && <Alert.Exception message={"Invalid form data"} />}
+            <div className="flex flex-col flex-grow px-5 py-5 gap-8">
+               <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+                  <Permissions />
+               </div>
+
+               <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
+                  <Field
+                     label="Should this role be the default?"
+                     name="is_default"
+                     description="In case an user is not assigned any role, this role will be assigned by default."
+                     descriptionPlacement="top"
+                  />
+                  <Field
+                     label="Implicit allow missing permissions?"
+                     name="implicit_allow"
+                     description="This should be only used for admins. If a permission is not explicitly denied, it will be allowed."
+                     descriptionPlacement="top"
+                  />
+               </div>
+            </div>
+            <FormDebug />
          </AppShell.Scrollable>
-      </>
+      </Form>
    );
 }
+
+type PermissionsData = Exclude<RoleSchema["permissions"], string[] | undefined>;
+type PermissionData = PermissionsData[number];
+
+const Permissions = () => {
+   const { permissions } = useBknd();
+
+   const grouped = permissions.reduce(
+      (acc, permission, index) => {
+         const [group, name] = permission.name.split(".") as [string, string];
+         if (!acc[group]) acc[group] = [];
+         acc[group].push({ index, permission });
+         return acc;
+      },
+      {} as Record<string, { index: number; permission: TPermission }[]>,
+   );
+
+   return (
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-10">
+         {Object.entries(grouped).map(([group, rows]) => {
+            return (
+               <div className="flex flex-col gap-2" key={group}>
+                  <h3 className="font-semibold">{ucFirst(group)} Permissions</h3>
+                  <div className="grid grid-cols-1 xl:grid-cols-2 gap-3 items-start">
+                     {rows.map(({ index, permission }) => (
+                        <Permission key={permission.name} permission={permission} index={index} />
+                     ))}
+                  </div>
+               </div>
+            );
+         })}
+      </div>
+   );
+};
+
+const Permission = ({ permission, index }: { permission: TPermission; index?: number }) => {
+   const path = `permissions.${index}`;
+   const { value } = useDerivedFieldContext("permissions", (ctx) => {
+      const v = ctx.value;
+      if (!Array.isArray(v)) return undefined;
+      const v2 = v.find((v) => v && v.permission === permission.name);
+      return {
+         set: !!v2,
+         policies: (v2?.policies?.length ?? 0) as number,
+      };
+   });
+   const { setValue } = useFormContext();
+   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+   const policiesCount = value?.policies ?? 0;
+   const isSet = value?.set ?? false;
+
+   async function handleSwitch() {
+      if (isSet) {
+         setValue(path, undefined);
+         setOpen(false);
+      } else {
+         setValue(path, {
+            permission: permission.name,
+            policies: [],
+            effect: "allow",
+         });
+      }
+   }
+
+   function toggleOpen() {
+      setOpen((o) => !o);
+   }
+
+   return (
+      <>
+         <div
+            key={permission.name}
+            className={cn("flex flex-col border border-muted", open && "border-primary/20")}
+         >
+            <div className={cn("flex flex-row gap-2 justify-between", open && "bg-primary/5")}>
+               <div className="py-4 px-4 font-mono leading-none flex flex-row gap-2 items-center">
+                  {permission.name}
+                  {permission.filterable && (
+                     <Tooltip label="Permission supports filtering">
+                        <TbFilter className="opacity-50" />
+                     </Tooltip>
+                  )}
+               </div>
+               <div className="flex flex-grow" />
+               <div className="flex flex-row gap-1 items-center px-2">
+                  <div className="relative flex flex-row gap-1 items-center">
+                     {policiesCount > 0 && (
+                        <div className="bg-primary/80 text-background rounded-full size-5 flex items-center justify-center text-sm font-bold pointer-events-none">
+                           {policiesCount}
+                        </div>
+                     )}
+                     <IconButton
+                        size="md"
+                        variant="ghost"
+                        disabled={!isSet}
+                        Icon={TbAdjustments}
+                        className={cn("disabled:opacity-20")}
+                        onClick={toggleOpen}
+                     />
+                  </div>
+                  <Formy.Switch size="sm" checked={isSet} onChange={handleSwitch} />
+               </div>
+            </div>
+            {open && (
+               <div className="px-3.5 py-3.5">
+                  <Policies path={`permissions.${index}.policies`} permission={permission} />
+               </div>
+            )}
+         </div>
+      </>
+   );
+};
+
+const Policies = ({ path, permission }: { path: string; permission: TPermission }) => {
+   const {
+      setValue,
+      schema: policySchema,
+      lib,
+      deleteValue,
+      value,
+   } = useDerivedFieldContext(path, ({ value }) => {
+      return {
+         policies: (value?.length ?? 0) as number,
+      };
+   });
+   const policiesCount = value?.policies ?? 0;
+
+   function handleAdd() {
+      setValue(
+         `${path}.${policiesCount}`,
+         lib.getTemplate(undefined, policySchema!.items, {
+            addOptionalProps: true,
+         }),
+      );
+   }
+
+   function handleDelete(index: number) {
+      deleteValue(`${path}.${index}`);
+   }
+
+   return (
+      <div className={cn("flex flex-col", policiesCount > 0 && "gap-8")}>
+         <div className="flex flex-col gap-5">
+            {policiesCount > 0 &&
+               Array.from({ length: policiesCount }).map((_, i) => (
+                  <FormContextOverride key={i} prefix={`${path}.${i}`} schema={policySchema.items!}>
+                     {i > 0 && <div className="h-px bg-muted" />}
+                     <div className="flex flex-row gap-2 items-start">
+                        <div className="flex flex-col flex-grow w-full">
+                           <Policy permission={permission} />
+                        </div>
+                        <IconButton Icon={TbTrash} onClick={() => handleDelete(i)} size="sm" />
+                     </div>
+                  </FormContextOverride>
+               ))}
+         </div>
+         <div className="flex flex-row justify-center">
+            <Button onClick={handleAdd}>Add Policy</Button>
+         </div>
+      </div>
+   );
+};
+
+const mergeSchemas = (...schemas: object[]) => {
+   return s.allOf(schemas.filter(Boolean).map(s.fromSchema));
+};
+
+function replaceEntitiesEnum(schema: Record<string, any>, entities: string[]) {
+   if (!isObject(schema) || !Array.isArray(entities) || entities.length === 0) return schema;
+   return transformObject(schema, (sub, name) => {
+      if (name === "properties") {
+         return transformObject(sub as Record<string, any>, (propConfig, propKey) => {
+            if (propKey === "entity" && propConfig.type === "string") {
+               return {
+                  ...propConfig,
+                  enum: entities,
+               };
+            }
+            return propConfig;
+         });
+      }
+      return sub;
+   });
+}
+
+const Policy = ({
+   permission,
+}: {
+   permission: TPermission;
+}) => {
+   const { value } = useDerivedFieldContext("", ({ value }) => ({
+      effect: (value?.effect ?? "allow") as "allow" | "deny" | "filter",
+   }));
+   const $bknd = useBknd();
+   const $permissions = useApiQuery((api) => api.system.permissions(), {
+      use: [mountOnce],
+   });
+   const entities = Object.keys($bknd.config.data.entities ?? {});
+   const ctx = $permissions.data
+      ? mergeSchemas(
+           $permissions.data.context,
+           replaceEntitiesEnum(permission.context ?? null, entities),
+        )
+      : undefined;
+
+   return (
+      <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+         <Field name="description" />
+
+         <CustomFieldWrapper
+            name="condition"
+            label="Condition"
+            description="The condition that must be met for the policy to be applied."
+            schema={
+               ctx && {
+                  name: "Context",
+                  content: s.toTypes(ctx, "Context"),
+               }
+            }
+         >
+            <ObjectJsonField path="condition" />
+         </CustomFieldWrapper>
+
+         <CustomField path="effect">
+            {({ value, setValue }) => (
+               <FieldWrapper
+                  name="effect"
+                  label="Effect"
+                  descriptionPlacement="label"
+                  description="The effect of the policy to take effect on met condition."
+               >
+                  <SegmentedControl
+                     className="border border-muted"
+                     defaultValue={value}
+                     onChange={(value) => setValue(value)}
+                     data={
+                        ["allow", "deny", permission.filterable ? "filter" : undefined]
+                           .filter(Boolean)
+                           .map((effect) => ({
+                              label: ucFirst(effect ?? ""),
+                              value: effect,
+                           })) as any
+                     }
+                  />
+               </FieldWrapper>
+            )}
+         </CustomField>
+
+         {value?.effect === "filter" && (
+            <CustomFieldWrapper
+               name="filter"
+               label="Filter"
+               description="Filter to apply to all queries on met condition."
+               schema={
+                  ctx && {
+                     name: "Variables",
+                     content: s.toTypes(ctx, "Variables"),
+                  }
+               }
+            >
+               <ObjectJsonField path="filter" />
+            </CustomFieldWrapper>
+         )}
+      </div>
+   );
+};
+
+const CustomFieldWrapper = ({
+   children,
+   name,
+   label,
+   description,
+   schema,
+}: {
+   children: React.ReactNode;
+   name: string;
+   label: string;
+   description: string;
+   schema?: {
+      name: string;
+      content: string | object;
+   };
+}) => {
+   const errors = useFormError(name, { strict: true });
+   const Errors = errors.length > 0 && (
+      <Formy.ErrorMessage>{errors.map((e) => e.message).join(", ")}</Formy.ErrorMessage>
+   );
+
+   return (
+      <Formy.Group as="div">
+         <Formy.Label
+            as="label"
+            htmlFor={name}
+            className="flex flex-row gap-1 justify-between items-center"
+         >
+            <div className="flex flex-row gap-1 items-center">
+               {label}
+               {description && (
+                  <Tooltip label={description}>
+                     <TbInfoCircle className="size-4 opacity-50" />
+                  </Tooltip>
+               )}
+            </div>
+            {schema && (
+               <div>
+                  <Popover
+                     overlayProps={{
+                        className: "max-w-none",
+                     }}
+                     position="bottom-end"
+                     target={() =>
+                        typeof schema.content === "object" ? (
+                           <JsonViewer
+                              className="w-auto max-w-120 bg-background pr-3 text-sm"
+                              json={schema.content}
+                              title={schema.name}
+                              expand={5}
+                           />
+                        ) : (
+                           <CodePreview
+                              code={schema.content}
+                              lang="typescript"
+                              className="w-auto max-w-120 bg-background p-3 text-sm"
+                           />
+                        )
+                     }
+                  >
+                     <Button variant="ghost" size="smaller" IconLeft={TbCodeDots}>
+                        {autoFormatString(schema.name)}
+                     </Button>
+                  </Popover>
+               </div>
+            )}
+         </Formy.Label>
+         {children}
+         {Errors}
+      </Formy.Group>
+   );
+};

app/src/ui/routes/auth/auth.roles.tsx

@@ -12,8 +12,21 @@ import { CellValue, DataTable } from "../../components/table/DataTable";
 import * as AppShell from "../../layouts/AppShell/AppShell";
 import { routes, useNavigate } from "../../lib/routes";
 import { useBknd } from "ui/client/bknd";
+import { useBrowserTitle } from "ui/hooks/use-browser-title";
+import { Message } from "ui/components/display/Message";
 
-export function AuthRolesList() {
+export function AuthRolesList(props) {
+   useBrowserTitle(["Auth", "Roles"]);
+
+   const { hasSecrets } = useBknd({ withSecrets: true });
+   if (!hasSecrets) {
+      return <Message.MissingPermission what="Auth Roles" />;
+   }
+
+   return <AuthRolesListInternal {...props} />;
+}
+
+function AuthRolesListInternal() {
    const [navigate] = useNavigate();
    const { config, actions } = useBkndAuth();
    const { readonly } = useBknd();
@@ -21,7 +34,10 @@ export function AuthRolesList() {
    const data = Object.values(
       transformObject(config.roles ?? {}, (role, name) => ({
          role: name,
-         permissions: role.permissions,
+         permissions: role.permissions?.map((p) => p.permission) as string[],
+         policies: role.permissions
+            ?.flatMap((p) => p.policies?.length ?? 0)
+            .reduce((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0),
          is_default: role.is_default ?? false,
          implicit_allow: role.implicit_allow ?? false,
       })),
@@ -94,6 +110,9 @@ const renderValue = ({ value, property }) => {
    if (["is_default", "implicit_allow"].includes(property)) {
       return value ? <span>Yes</span> : <span className="opacity-50">No</span>;
    }
+   if (property === "policies") {
+      return value ? <span>{value}</span> : <span className="opacity-50">0</span>;
+   }
 
    if (property === "permissions") {
       const max = 3;

app/src/ui/routes/auth/forms/role.form.tsx

@@ -34,7 +34,11 @@ export const AuthRoleForm = forwardRef<
       getValues,
    } = useForm({
       resolver: standardSchemaResolver(schema),
-      defaultValues: role,
+      defaultValues: {
+         ...role,
+         // compat
+         permissions: role?.permissions?.map((p) => p.permission),
+      },
    });
 
    useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
@@ -47,7 +51,7 @@ export const AuthRoleForm = forwardRef<
       <div className="flex flex-col flex-grow px-5 py-5 gap-8">
          <div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
             {/*<h3 className="font-semibold">Role Permissions</h3>*/}
-            <Permissions control={control} permissions={permissions} />
+            <Permissions control={control} permissions={permissions.map((p) => p.name)} />
          </div>
          <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
             <Input.Wrapper
@@ -111,8 +115,6 @@ const Permissions = ({
       {} as Record<string, string[]>,
    );
 
-   console.log("grouped", grouped);
-   //console.log("fieldState", fieldState, value);
    return (
       <div className="flex flex-col gap-10">
          {Object.entries(grouped).map(([group, permissions]) => {
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ const Permissions = ({
                   <h3 className="font-semibold">{ucFirst(group)} Permissions</h3>
                   <div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 2xl:grid-cols-3 gap-3">
                      {permissions.map((permission) => {
-                        const selected = data.includes(permission);
+                        const selected = data.includes(permission as any);
                         return (
                            <div key={permission} className="flex flex-col border border-muted">
                               <div className="flex flex-row gap-2 justify-between">

app/src/ui/routes/settings/routes/auth.settings.tsx

@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ export const AuthSettings = ({ schema: _unsafe_copy, config }) => {
    } catch (e) {}
    console.log("_s", _s);
    const roleSchema = _schema.properties.roles?.additionalProperties ?? { type: "object" };
-   if (_s.permissions) {
+   /* if (_s.permissions) {
       roleSchema.properties.permissions.items.enum = _s.permissions;
       roleSchema.properties.permissions.uniqueItems = true;
-   }
+   } */
 
    return (
       <Route path="/auth" nest>

app/src/ui/routes/test/index.tsx

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import SortableTest from "./tests/sortable-test";
 import { SqlAiTest } from "./tests/sql-ai-test";
 import Themes from "./tests/themes";
 import ErrorBoundary from "ui/components/display/ErrorBoundary";
+import CodeEditorTest from "./tests/code-editor-test";
 
 const tests = {
    DropdownTest,
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ const tests = {
    JsonSchemaForm3,
    FormyTest,
    HtmlFormTest,
+   CodeEditorTest,
 } as const;
 
 export default function TestRoutes() {

app/src/ui/routes/test/tests/code-editor-test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { JsonEditor } from "ui/components/code/JsonEditor";
+import { JsonViewer } from "ui/components/code/JsonViewer";
+
+export default function CodeEditorTest() {
+   const [value, setValue] = useState({});
+   return (
+      <div className="flex flex-col p-4">
+         <JsonEditor value={value} onChange={setValue} />
+         <JsonViewer json={value} expand={9} />
+      </div>
+   );
+}

app/src/ui/routes/test/tests/json-schema-form3.tsx

@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ const authSchema = {
    },
 } as const satisfies JSONSchema;
 
+const objectCodeSchema = {
+   type: "object",
+   properties: {
+      name: { type: "string" },
+      config: { type: "object", properties: {} },
+   },
+};
+
 const formOptions = {
    debug: true,
 };
@@ -77,6 +85,45 @@ export default function JsonSchemaForm3() {
             {/* <Form schema={_schema.auth.toJSON()} options={formOptions} /> */}
 
             <Form
+               schema={objectCodeSchema as any}
+               options={formOptions}
+               initialValues={{
+                  name: "Peter",
+                  config: {
+                     foo: "bar",
+                  },
+               }}
+            />
+            <Form
+               schema={s
+                  .object({
+                     name: s.string(),
+                     props: s.array(
+                        s.object({
+                           age: s.number(),
+                           config: s.object({}),
+                        }),
+                     ),
+                  })
+                  .toJSON()}
+               options={formOptions}
+               initialValues={{
+                  name: "Peter",
+                  props: [{ age: 20, config: { foo: "bar" } }],
+               }}
+            />
+
+            <Form
+               schema={s
+                  .object({
+                     name: s.string(),
+                     props: s.array(s.anyOf([s.string(), s.number()])),
+                  })
+                  .toJSON()}
+               options={formOptions}
+            />
+
+            {/* <Form
                options={{
                   anyOfNoneSelectedMode: "first",
                   debug: true,
@@ -98,7 +145,7 @@ export default function JsonSchemaForm3() {
                         .optional(),
                   })
                   .toJSON()}
-            />
+            /> */}
 
             {/*<Form
                onChange={(data) => console.log("change", data)}

app/src/ui/routes/tools/mcp/mcp.tsx

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export default function ToolsMcp() {
                <div className="hidden md:flex flex-row gap-2 items-center bg-primary/5 rounded-full px-3 pr-3.5 py-2">
                   <TbWorld />
                   <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
-                     <span className="block truncate text-sm font-mono leading-none">
+                     <span className="block truncate text-sm font-mono leading-none select-text">
                         {window.location.origin + mcpPath}
                      </span>
                   </div>

app/src/ui/routes/tools/mcp/tools.tsx

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import * as Formy from "ui/components/form/Formy";
 import { appShellStore } from "ui/store";
 import { Icon } from "ui/components/display/Icon";
 import { useMcpClient } from "./hooks/use-mcp-client";
+import { Tooltip } from "@mantine/core";
 
 export function Sidebar({ open, toggle }) {
    const client = useMcpClient();
@@ -48,7 +49,11 @@ export function Sidebar({ open, toggle }) {
          toggle={toggle}
          renderHeaderRight={() => (
             <div className="flex flex-row gap-2 items-center">
-               {error && <Icon.Err title={error} className="size-5 pointer-events-auto" />}
+               {error && (
+                  <Tooltip label={error}>
+                     <Icon.Err className="size-5 pointer-events-auto" />
+                  </Tooltip>
+               )}
                <span className="flex-inline bg-primary/10 px-2 py-1.5 rounded-xl text-sm font-mono leading-none">
                   {tools.length}
                </span>

bun.lock

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     },
     "app": {
       "name": "bknd",
-      "version": "0.18.0-rc.6",
+      "version": "0.18.1",
       "bin": "./dist/cli/index.js",
       "dependencies": {
         "@cfworker/json-schema": "^4.1.1",
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
         "hono": "4.8.3",
         "json-schema-library": "10.0.0-rc7",
         "json-schema-to-ts": "^3.1.1",
-        "jsonv-ts": "0.8.4",
+        "jsonv-ts": "0.9.1",
         "kysely": "0.27.6",
         "lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
         "oauth4webapi": "^2.11.1",
@@ -1243,7 +1243,7 @@
 
     "@types/babel__traverse": ["@types/babel__traverse@7.20.6", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/types": "^7.20.7" } }, "sha512-r1bzfrm0tomOI8g1SzvCaQHo6Lcv6zu0EA+W2kHrt8dyrHQxGzBBL4kdkzIS+jBMV+EYcMAEAqXqYaLJq5rOZg=="],
 
-    "@types/bun": ["@types/bun@1.2.21", "", { "dependencies": { "bun-types": "1.2.21" } }, "sha512-NiDnvEqmbfQ6dmZ3EeUO577s4P5bf4HCTXtI6trMc6f6RzirY5IrF3aIookuSpyslFzrnvv2lmEWv5HyC1X79A=="],
+    "@types/bun": ["@types/bun@1.3.1", "", { "dependencies": { "bun-types": "1.3.1" } }, "sha512-4jNMk2/K9YJtfqwoAa28c8wK+T7nvJFOjxI4h/7sORWcypRNxBpr+TPNaCfVWq70tLCJsqoFwcf0oI0JU/fvMQ=="],
 
     "@types/cookie": ["@types/cookie@0.6.0", "", {}, "sha512-4Kh9a6B2bQciAhf7FSuMRRkUWecJgJu9nPnx3yzpsfXX/c50REIqpHY4C82bXP90qrLtXtkDxTZosYO3UpOwlA=="],
 
@@ -2529,7 +2529,7 @@
 
     "jsonpointer": ["jsonpointer@5.0.1", "", {}, "sha512-p/nXbhSEcu3pZRdkW1OfJhpsVtW1gd4Wa1fnQc9YLiTfAjn0312eMKimbdIQzuZl9aa9xUGaRlP9T/CJE/ditQ=="],
 
-    "jsonv-ts": ["jsonv-ts@0.8.4", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "hono": "*" }, "peerDependencies": { "typescript": "^5.0.0" } }, "sha512-TZOyAVGBZxHuzk09NgJCx2dbeh0XqVWVKHU1PtIuvjT9XO7zhvAD02RcVisJoUdt2rJNt3zlyeNQ2b8MMPc+ug=="],
+    "jsonv-ts": ["jsonv-ts@0.9.1", "", { "optionalDependencies": { "hono": "*" }, "peerDependencies": { "typescript": "^5.0.0" } }, "sha512-sQZn7kdSMK9m3hLWvTLyNk2zCUmte2lVWIcK02633EwMosk/VAdRgpMyfMDMV6/ZzSMI0/SwevkUbkxdGQrWtg=="],
 
     "jsonwebtoken": ["jsonwebtoken@9.0.2", "", { "dependencies": { "jws": "^3.2.2", "lodash.includes": "^4.3.0", "lodash.isboolean": "^3.0.3", "lodash.isinteger": "^4.0.4", "lodash.isnumber": "^3.0.3", "lodash.isplainobject": "^4.0.6", "lodash.isstring": "^4.0.1", "lodash.once": "^4.0.0", "ms": "^2.1.1", "semver": "^7.5.4" } }, "sha512-PRp66vJ865SSqOlgqS8hujT5U4AOgMfhrwYIuIhfKaoSCZcirrmASQr8CX7cUg+RMih+hgznrjp99o+W4pJLHQ=="],
 
@@ -3847,6 +3847,8 @@
 
     "@bknd/plasmic/typescript": ["typescript@5.8.3", "", { "bin": { "tsc": "bin/tsc", "tsserver": "bin/tsserver" } }, "sha512-p1diW6TqL9L07nNxvRMM7hMMw4c5XOo/1ibL4aAIGmSAt9slTE1Xgw5KWuof2uTOvCg9BY7ZRi+GaF+7sfgPeQ=="],
 
+    "@bknd/postgres/@types/bun": ["@types/bun@1.2.21", "", { "dependencies": { "bun-types": "1.2.21" } }, "sha512-NiDnvEqmbfQ6dmZ3EeUO577s4P5bf4HCTXtI6trMc6f6RzirY5IrF3aIookuSpyslFzrnvv2lmEWv5HyC1X79A=="],
+
     "@bknd/sqlocal/typescript": ["typescript@5.8.3", "", { "bin": { "tsc": "bin/tsc", "tsserver": "bin/tsserver" } }, "sha512-p1diW6TqL9L07nNxvRMM7hMMw4c5XOo/1ibL4aAIGmSAt9slTE1Xgw5KWuof2uTOvCg9BY7ZRi+GaF+7sfgPeQ=="],
 
     "@bundled-es-modules/cookie/cookie": ["cookie@0.7.2", "", {}, "sha512-yki5XnKuf750l50uGTllt6kKILY4nQ1eNIQatoXEByZ5dWgnKqbnqmTrBE5B4N7lrMJKQ2ytWMiTO2o0v6Ew/w=="],
@@ -4093,7 +4095,7 @@
 
     "@testing-library/jest-dom/chalk": ["chalk@3.0.0", "", { "dependencies": { "ansi-styles": "^4.1.0", "supports-color": "^7.1.0" } }, "sha512-4D3B6Wf41KOYRFdszmDqMCGq5VV/uMAB273JILmO+3jAlh8X4qDtdtgCR3fxtbLEMzSx22QdhnDcJvu2u1fVwg=="],
 
-    "@types/bun/bun-types": ["bun-types@1.2.21", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/node": "*" }, "peerDependencies": { "@types/react": "^19" } }, "sha512-sa2Tj77Ijc/NTLS0/Odjq/qngmEPZfbfnOERi0KRUYhT9R8M4VBioWVmMWE5GrYbKMc+5lVybXygLdibHaqVqw=="],
+    "@types/bun/bun-types": ["bun-types@1.3.1", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/node": "*" }, "peerDependencies": { "@types/react": "^19" } }, "sha512-NMrcy7smratanWJ2mMXdpatalovtxVggkj11bScuWuiOoXTiKIu2eVS1/7qbyI/4yHedtsn175n4Sm4JcdHLXw=="],
 
     "@typescript-eslint/experimental-utils/eslint-utils": ["eslint-utils@2.1.0", "", { "dependencies": { "eslint-visitor-keys": "^1.1.0" } }, "sha512-w94dQYoauyvlDc43XnGB8lU3Zt713vNChgt4EWwhXAP2XkBvndfxF0AgIqKOOasjPIPzj9JqgwkwbCYD0/V3Zg=="],
 
@@ -4701,6 +4703,8 @@
 
     "@babel/preset-env/babel-plugin-polyfill-regenerator/@babel/helper-define-polyfill-provider": ["@babel/helper-define-polyfill-provider@0.6.3", "", { "dependencies": { "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "^7.22.6", "@babel/helper-plugin-utils": "^7.22.5", "debug": "^4.1.1", "lodash.debounce": "^4.0.8", "resolve": "^1.14.2" }, "peerDependencies": { "@babel/core": "^7.4.0 || ^8.0.0-0 <8.0.0" } }, "sha512-HK7Bi+Hj6H+VTHA3ZvBis7V/6hu9QuTrnMXNybfUf2iiuU/N97I8VjB+KbhFF8Rld/Lx5MzoCwPCpPjfK+n8Cg=="],
 
+    "@bknd/postgres/@types/bun/bun-types": ["bun-types@1.2.21", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/node": "*" }, "peerDependencies": { "@types/react": "^19" } }, "sha512-sa2Tj77Ijc/NTLS0/Odjq/qngmEPZfbfnOERi0KRUYhT9R8M4VBioWVmMWE5GrYbKMc+5lVybXygLdibHaqVqw=="],
+
     "@bundled-es-modules/tough-cookie/tough-cookie/universalify": ["universalify@0.2.0", "", {}, "sha512-CJ1QgKmNg3CwvAv/kOFmtnEN05f0D/cn9QntgNOQlQF9dgvVTHj3t+8JPdjqawCHk7V/KA+fbUqzZ9XWhcqPUg=="],
 
     "@cloudflare/unenv-preset/workerd/@cloudflare/workerd-darwin-64": ["@cloudflare/workerd-darwin-64@1.20250917.0", "", { "os": "darwin", "cpu": "x64" }, "sha512-0kL/kFnKUSycoo7b3PgM0nRyZ+1MGQAKaXtE6a2+SAeUkZ2FLnuFWmASi0s4rlWGsf/rlTw4AwXROePir9dUcQ=="],